The Effect of Food on the Incident of Hypertension

Hypertension is the condition of a person whose blood pressure is above the normal limit according to medical regulations, namely greater than 140/90 mmHg. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure and the main cause of death throughout the world. Consuming foods that are high in fat, carbohydrates, fiber and sodium can increase the occurrence of hypertension. This study aims to determine the effect of food on the incidence of hypertension. This research uses several relevant literature from various references and focuses on risk factors for hypertension, one of which is food. The references used came from searches on NCBI, Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct and 25 data-based sources were obtained. The results of this research are that there is an influence between food sources such as carbohydrates, fat and sodium which can increase the occurrence of hypertension and high fiber consumption which helps to reduce the occurrence of hypertension. Excessive sodium consumption causes the sodium concentration in the extracellular fluid to increase. And consuming excess carbohydrates can cause triglyceride levels in the blood to increase, causing carbohydrates to be converted into fat. High fat levels can cause atherosclerosis which will ultimately lead to hypertension. The conclusion is that consuming foods high in carbohydrates, fat and sodium can cause hypertension and high fiber consumption can help minimize the occurrence of hypertension

Peranan ACE-Inhibitor pada penyakit jantung bawaan

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to have the broadest impact of any drug in cardiovascular medicine. Dual role of ACE inhibitors, both preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. ACE inhibitors have an indirect effect on primary prevention by lessening hypertension and decreasing left ventricular hypertrophy, especially in patients with cardiac failure. In children, the causes of cardiac failure are significantly different and many cases are due to congenital malformations, such as left-to-right- shunts. In these patients, the function of both the right and the left ventricles will be affected and these children suffer from high-output cardiac failure. Therefore, in carefully selected patients with congenital heart disease, the response to systemic afterload reduction with ACE inhibitors appears favorable. Nevertheless, a more comprehensive controlled trial to assess the hemodynamic and functional effects of ACE inhibitors in such patients should be undertaken

Optimalisasi Media Sosial Dari Hulu Ke Hilir Untuk Kampanye Kesehatan

Media sosial (medsos) memiliki peranan penting dalam dunia kedokteran. Hampir semua institusi menggunakan medsos untuk memberikan informasi mengenai informasi pendidikan sampai edukasi kesehatan baik untuk mahasiswa, dokter,  maupun masyarakat awam. Namun, masalah etik yang bisa terjadi pada pengguna medsos diantaranya, pelanggaran privasi pasien, ketidakjelasan hubungan dokter dan pasien, pencemaran reputasi profesi, informasi tidak akurat, dan pelanggaran aspek hukum harus diwaspadai. Mahasiswa kedokteran diharapkan dapat melakukan edukasi ke masyarakat untuk kampanye kesehatan, namun juga harus memahami batasan dalam penggunaan medsos. Seminar dengan judul optimalisasi media sosial dari hulu ke hilir sebagai kampanye kesehatan diharapkan dapat membuka wawasan mahasiswa untuk melakukan kampanye kesehatan sehingga dapat menurunkan morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit di Indonesia

Bantuan Hidup Dasar Untuk Para Pesepeda

Kematian mendadak usia muda sering terjadi saat aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga, dimana orang tersebut tidak pernah mengalami sakit jantung sebelumnya. Sebanyak 15-20 persen penyebab kematian mendadak adalah karena jantung, yaitu hilangnya fungsi jantung secara mendadak, dan seringkali terjadi kurang dari satu jam. Penting sekali memahami bagaimana penyebabnya dan faktor risikonya, sehingga kita perlu waspada lebih awal. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 24 Juli 2022 di Rumah Sakit Universitas Mataram (RS UNRAM). Perhimpunan dokter spesialis kardiovaskular Indonesia (PERKI) Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat mengadakan sejumlah kegiatan. Mulai dari bersepeda bersama dengan jarak 30 km, hingga edukasi dan pelatihan bantuan hidup dasar di RS UNRAM. kegiatan pelatihan ini diikuti oleh lebih dari 8 klub sepeda di Mataram. Materi yang diberikan adalah kematian mendadak pada pegiat olahraga, tips bersepeda yang aman dalam tinjauan kesehatan jantung, dan bantuan hidup dasar. Acara ini diampu oleh dokter-dokter spesialis jantung pembuluh darah serta dibantu oleh beberapa dokter muda Fakultas Kedokteran (FK) UNRAM. Suasana diskusi lebih hidup, peserta yang merupakan anggota perkumpulan pesepeda banyak mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai bantuan hidup dasar. Kematian mendadak usia muda sering terjadi saat aktivitas fisik seperti olahraga, dimana orang tersebut tidak pernah mengalami sakit jantung sebelumnya dan solusinya  memberikan pengetahuan mengenai angka kematian jantung mendadak pada atlet atau pegiat pesepeda dan pentingnya pelatihan bantuan hidup dasar untuk menyelamatkan nyawa

The effect of progesteron for expression delta (δ) opioid receptor spinal cord through peripheral nerve injury

Abstract Background: Neuropathic pain is a major problem to date because of its high prevalence and lack of effective treatment. Neuropathic pain processes can be influenced by many factors and at various levels of the nervous system, including progesterone and the opioid system. The various mechanisms of the effect of progesterone on pain are still controversial, while the effect of progesterone on the activation of the opioid system also needs to be proven. This study aimed to determine the effect of progesterone on pain through the modulation mechanism of the opioid system. Methods: This research is a completely randomized experimental study using male wistar rats aged around three months at the Experimental Animal Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University. Results: The result was analyzed by using statistical analysis of two independent samples (t-test). The t value was obtained at 6.880, p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was shown that there was a significant difference in the delta (δ) opioid receptor expression between the control group and the progesterone group, which indicated that progesterone causes an increase in the delta (δ) opioid receptor expression in the spinal cord

Efikasi Terapi Empagliflozin pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Akut: Meta-analisis

Heart failure is still a common disorder with a high morbidity and mortality rate around the world. New drugs sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) such as empagliflozin are currently showing promising results across the HF spectrum. Based on this, the authors are interested in researching the efficacy of Empaglifozin Therapy in Patient with Acute Heart Failure. This study used a systematic search using PRISMA principle in several online databases (Pubmed, Cochrane library and Google scholar). The selected study was an RCT or clinical trial with a population of Acute HF patients. The intervention group is Empagliflozin in any dose compared to placebo. The primary outcome for this meta-analysis is the levels of BNP or NT-proBNP and mortality after intervention. Selected study will be assessed and analyzed using Review Manager software version 5.3 with 95% CI. The two studies selected in this meta-analysis had a total sample size of 290 in the intervention group and 285 in the placebo group. Heterogenecity test obtained [p=0.44; I2 0%], indicating the homogenous data and the study is recommended to use the fixed effect method. The pooled effect size of RR is 0.472 [CI95% 0.24-0.75, P=0.003], meaning that there is a significant favorable outcome in empagliflozin group than in the placebo group. The results showed that empagliflozin had shown a favorable effect in reduction of the risk of death and reducing level of NT-proBNP in patient with acute heart failure.Gagal jantung masih merupakan gangguan umum dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Obat baru penghambat kotransporter natrium-glukosa 2 (SGLT2i) seperti empagliflozin saat ini menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan di seluruh spektrum HF. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti khasiat Terapi Empaglifozin pada Pasien Gagal Jantung Akut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pencarian sistematis menggunakan prinsip PRISMA di beberapa database online (Pubmed, Cochrane library dan Google scholar). Studi yang dipilih adalah RCT atau uji klinis dengan populasi pasien gagal jantung akut. Kelompok intervensi adalah Empagliflozin dalam dosis apapun dibandingkan dengan plasebo. Hasil utama untuk meta-analisis ini adalah tingkat BNP atau NT-proBNP dan mortalitas setelah intervensi. Kajian terpilih akan dinilai dan dianalisis menggunakan software Review Manager versi 5.3 dengan 95% CI. Dua studi yang dipilih dalam meta-analisis ini memiliki ukuran sampel total 290 pada kelompok intervensi dan 285 pada kelompok plasebo. Uji heterogenitas diperoleh [p=0,44; I2 0%], menunjukkan data homogen dan penelitian dianjurkan menggunakan metode fixed effect. Ukuran efek gabungan dari RR adalah 0,472 [CI95% 0,24-0,75, P=0,003], yang berarti bahwa ada hasil menguntungkan yang signifikan pada kelompok empagliflozin dibandingkan pada kelompok plasebo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa empagliflozin telah menunjukkan efek menguntungkan dalam pengurangan risiko kematian dan penurunan kadar NT-proBNP pada pasien gagal jantung akut

Outcomes of optical coherence tomography guided percutaneous coronary intervention against angiography guided in patients with coronary artery disease: A systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Background: Previous studies compared optical coherence tomography (OCT) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and angiography-guided was still limited. Therefore, we performed comprehensive meta-analyses to investigate the clinical outcomes of OCT-guided compared with angiography-guided PCI to provide a higher level of evidence. Methods: A systematic search from electronic databases such as Pubmed, EMBASE, SpringerLink, and Cochrane Library was conducted to obtain original articles comparing OCT and angiography. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, stenosis area, PCI procedure time, contrast volume, and procedural side effects were the measured outcomes. The primary end-points were MACE and cardiovascular death. Results: Total 11 studies included 5814 patients were analyzed, with 3431 using OCT-guided and 2383 using angiography-guided. Pooled estimates of outcomes, presented as odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals], were generated with random-effect models. Regarding clinical outcomes, OCT-guided PCI showed significantly lower rate of MACE (odds ratio [OR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38 to 0.72, p < 0.001), cardiovascular death (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.67, p < 0.001), and higher contrast volume (OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.81 to 2.39, p < 0.001). OCT-guided has longer PCI procedure time (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.42, p = 0.004). OCT-guided has no significant difference in lower risk of periprocedural MI (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.00, p = 0.05), stent thrombosis (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.43, p = 0.56), target vessel repeat revascularization (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.14, p = 0.17), stenosis area (OR -0.63, 95% CI -1.5 to 0.25, p = 0.56), and adverse events related to procedures (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.19, p = 0.27). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated that OCT-guided PCI is significantly associated with lower MACE, cardiovascular death, and higher contrast volume. It is also associated with a longer duration of PCI. However, it is not associated with MI, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization, stenosis area, and adverse events related to procedures

Hasil Tomografi Koherensi Optik Dibandingkan dengan Ultrasonografi Intravaskular untuk Memandu Intervensi Koroner Perkutan: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Analisis Meta dari Uji Coba Kontrol Acak

In the recent years, the alternative intravascular imaging modalities that are most frequently employed to direct and optimize PCI have been intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The comparative effectiveness of OCT-guided vs IVUS-guided PCI is still up for debate. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available studies comparing OCT-guided versus intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided PCI. Electronic journals searching were performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane from January 2015 to March 2023 to identify randomized control trial (RCT) studies that compare OCT‐guided PCI to IVUS‐guided PCI. Meta-analyses were performed on included studies and Odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were estimated using Review Manager v5.4. A total of four RCT enrolling 1316 participants were included in our analysis. There is no statistical significance was observed in the OCT versus IVUS comparison on all cause mortality [OR = 1.75, 95% CI (0.52, 5.88), p = 0.37], cardiovascular mortality [OR = 1.40, 95% CI (0.27, 7.11), p = 0.69], MACE [OR = 1.04, 95% CI (0.63, 1.71), p = 0.88], ST [OR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.16, 5.52), p = 0.95], TLR [OR = 0.77, 95% CI (0.39, 1.50), p = 0.44], and TVR [OR = 1.19, 95% CI (0.68, 2.07), p = 0.54].Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, modalitas pencitraan intravaskular alternatif yang paling sering digunakan untuk mengarahkan dan mengoptimalkan PCI adalah ultrasonografi intravaskular (IVUS) dan tomografi koherensi optik (OCT). Efektivitas komparatif PCI yang dipandu OCT vs yang dipandu IVUS masih diperdebatkan. Pencarian jurnal elektronik dilakukan di PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Cochrane dari Januari 2015 hingga Maret 2023 untuk mengidentifikasi studi randomized control trial (RCT) yang membandingkan PCI yang dipandu OCT dengan PCI yang dipandu IVUS. Meta-analisis dilakukan pada studi yang disertakan dan Odds ratio (OR) dan 95% Confidence Interval (CI) diestimasi menggunakan Review Manager v5.4. Sebanyak empat RCT yang mendaftarkan 1316 peserta dimasukkan dalam analisis kami. Tidak ada signifikansi statistik yang diamati dalam perbandingan OCT versus IVUS pada semua penyebab kematian [OR = 1,75, 95% CI (0,52, 5,88), p = 0,37], kematian kardiovaskular [OR = 1,40, 95% CI (0,27, 7,11 ), p = 0.69], MACE [OR = 1.04, 95% CI (0.63, 1.71), p = 0.88], ST [OR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.16, 5.52), p = 0.95], TLR [OR = 0,77, 95% CI (0,39, 1,50), p = 0,44], dan TVR [OR = 1,19, 95% CI (0,68, 2,07), p = 0,54]