3 research outputs found

    Exploiting synchrotron X-ray tomography for a novel insight into flax-fibre defects ultrastructure

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    Flax fibres are valuable reinforcements for tomorrow's composites. However, defects called kink-bands, which mainly appear on fibres during the extraction and transformation phases, might affect their mechanical properties. Defects induced pores, within the kink-band are investigated in this work. They were morphologically explored using synchrotron phase-contrast X-ray microtomography, a technique that displays a sharp 3D representation of the pores. The study highlights the link between kink-bands and secondary cell wall ultrastructure. Pores are organised concentrically around the lumen, and their low thickness suggest that they are located at the interface between cellulose layers within S2 (G) layer. Moreover, the pores inclination with reference to the lumen axis follows the typical microfibrillar angle changes observed in the literature in the kink-band region. The volumes of the pores were measured, and a local increase in porosity was revealed in zones where defects are most severe along the fibre.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Industrial Crops and Products (ISSN 0926-6690

    From cultivars to textile application : insight into the textile hemp value chain

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    La forte demande actuelle de textile Ă©coresponsable et local justifie le potentiel de la culture du chanvre en France, et ainsi le dĂ©veloppement de variĂ©tĂ©s plus riches en fibres et offrant une meilleure qualitĂ©. La culture du chanvre textile, comme celle du lin, est privilĂ©giĂ©e dans le bassin s’étendant de Bayeux Ă  Dunkerque oĂč le climat est propice au rouissage au champ. Ce territoire sollicite nĂ©anmoins une fauche prĂ©coce afin de rentrer les balles de chanvre roui dans des conditions optimales de sĂ©chage. La rĂ©colte se faisant gĂ©nĂ©ralement Ă  la pleine floraison des plantes, la photo-pĂ©riodicitĂ© du chanvre est habituellement un trait majeur de sĂ©lection variĂ©tale. Cependant, ce travail a montrĂ© que les fibres les plus intĂ©ressantes d’un point de vue de l’optimisation rendement, et adaptation pour les procĂ©dĂ©s textile avaient Ă©tĂ© obtenues Ă  partir de variĂ©tĂ©s monoĂŻques et dioĂŻques tardives rĂ©coltĂ©es bien avant la pĂ©riode de floraison, et cela ouvre donc la possibilitĂ© d’essais et de dĂ©veloppements industriels en utilisant ces variĂ©tĂ©s jusqu’alors pas utilisĂ©es en Normandie. Ce travail de thĂšse met en avant la possibilitĂ© d’obtenir des fibres de chanvre de haute qualitĂ© textile en utilisant des procĂ©dĂ©s d’extraction de teillage/peignage Ă  partir de nouvelles variĂ©tĂ©s de chanvre monoĂŻques et dioĂŻques. Des essais de chanvre en plein champ visent Ă  collecter des donnĂ©es pour fournir au semencier des Ă©lĂ©ments en vue de l’amĂ©lioration de variĂ©tĂ© de chanvre, afin de dĂ©velopper des cultivars et de proposer de nouvelles variĂ©tĂ©s dĂ©diĂ©es au textile et adaptĂ©es au terroir spĂ©cifique. L’évolution morphologiques des parois cellulaires des fibres de chanvre au cours de la croissance de la plante est explorĂ©e et vise Ă  diffĂ©rencier les variĂ©tĂ©s proposĂ©es dans le cadre du projet collaboratif financĂ© par l’Agence de l’Eau Seine-Normandie. De plus, des connaissances sur le processus de dĂ©veloppement des fibres de chanvre sont apportĂ©es. Des essais ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s pour optimiser les Ă©tapes de fauchage, d’extraction par teillage peignage, de prĂ©paration des fibres afin d’obtenir aprĂšs filature au mouillĂ© des fils de qualitĂ© pour l’habillement. Par ailleurs lors du teillage, prĂšs de la moitiĂ© des fibres tombent en Ă©toupes, des fibres qui sont plus courtes et non utilisables en filature au mouillĂ©. La valorisation des fibres de chanvre mi-longues et non alignĂ©es peut se faire en mĂ©lange avec une autre fibre, par un procĂ©dĂ© de cotonisation suivi d’une filature dite ‘open-end’. Des essais Ă  Ă©chelle laboratoire puis semi-industrielle ont permis de fabriquer des tissus Ă  forte teneur en chanvre et ainsi de montrer la possibilitĂ© de valoriser l’ensemble de la ressource fibreuse pour des applications de textile vestimentaire.The current strong demand for eco-responsible and local textiles explains the interest of hemp cultivation in France, and thus the development of varieties exhibiting higher fibre yields as well as better fibre quality. Textile hemp, like flax, is rather grown in the area from Bayeux to Dunkerque, where the climate is favourable to field retting. This territory nevertheless requires an early harvesting to bring in the retted hemp bales in optimal drying conditions. As the flowering time of the plants is a crucial indicator for harvesting, the photoperiodicity of hemp is usually a major trait of varietal selection. However, this work showed that the best compromise between fibre yield and adaptation of the fibres to the textile requirement was obtained from late flowering hemp varieties harvested well before the flowering period. This major discovery opens a new field of industrial developments using varieties which were not used until now in Normandy. The thesis work highlights the possibility of obtaining high textile quality hemp fibres using scutching/hackling extraction processes from new monoecious and dioecious hemp varieties. Field hemp trials aim at collecting data to provide the breeding company with elements for improving hemp varieties, in order to develop cultivars and propose new varieties to its catalogue dedicated to textiles and adapted to the specific terroir (Normandy in our case). The morphological evolution of the hemp fibre walls during the growth of the plant was explored and aims at differentiating the varieties developed within the framework of a collaborative project funded by the “Agence de l’Eau de Seine Normandie”. Additionally, knowledge about the hemp fibre development process is provided. Tests were carried out to optimize the stages of harvesting, extraction by scutching, hackling, and fibre preparation in order to obtain quality yarns for clothing by the wet spinning process. Furthermore, during scutching, almost half of the fibres fall into tow fibres which are shorter and cannot be used in wet spinning. These mid-length and unaligned hemp fibres can be valorised by a cottonization process followed by open-end rotor spinning, in a blend with other fibres. Laboratory and semi-industrial scale trials led to the production of high hemp content fabrics showing the possibility to fully valorised for garment textile applications the hemp fibrous resource provided by the hemp plant

    Can a full value chain be established from the field to the fibres for the production of fine garment textiles from hemp fibres

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    International audienceThis work discusses the potential of hemp fibre for the establishment of a complementary value chain for the production of fine garment textiles. The work seeks to demonstrate that sufficient dew-retted straw can be produced and high fibre yields obtained at the output of the scutching/hackling processes together with a high fibre quality in terms of morphological (fineness) and mechanical potential for the production high added value fine yarns. The possibility to establish a complementary value chain to flax is analysed
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