Colloque sur le Quaternaire

Guillien Yves, Pinot Jean-Pierre. Colloque sur le Quaternaire. In: Annales de Géographie, t. 75, n°408, 1966. pp. 185-188

Formations glaciaires et inter­glaciaires autour des Grands Lacs

Guillien Yves, Pinot Jean Pierre. Formations glaciaires et inter­glaciaires autour des Grands Lacs. In: Bulletin de l'Association française pour l'étude du quaternaire, vol. 3, n°1, 1966. pp. 31-39

Lutte contre les campagnols terrestres - État des lieux des recherches au service de l'action

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Lung Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in a Patient with Severe Lung Function Impairment Allowed by Gallium-68 Perfusion PET/CT Imaging: A Case Report

Lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly proposed, especially for patients with poor lung function who are not eligible for surgery. However, radiation-induced lung injury remains a significant treatment-related adverse event in these patients. Moreover, for patients with very severe COPD, we have very few data about the safety of SBRT for lung cancer. We present the case of a female with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 0.23 L (11%), for whom a localized lung tumor was found. Lung SBRT was the only possible treatment. It was allowed and safely performed, based on a pre-therapeutic evaluation of regional lung function with Gallium-68 perfusion lung positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT). This is the first case report to highlight the potential use of a Gallium-68 perfusion PET/CT in order to safely select patients with very severe COPD who can benefit from SBRT

Pour en finir avec les paradis du campagnol terrestre : de la compréhension des pullulations dans les prairies à l’action

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Investigation of Ti 0.54 Al 0.46 /Ti 0.54 Al 0.46 N multilayer films deposited by reactive gas pulsing process by nano-indentation and electron energy-loss spectroscopy

International audiencePhysical vapour deposition technology iswell suited to the deposition of advanced TiAlN-based coatings. Among these thin films, multilayer systems consisting of stacked layers of metallic Ti1−xAlx and nitride Ti1−xAlxNwith x around 0.5 are expected to have improvedmechanical properties with respect to single nitride layers of the same composition. A set of Ti0.54Al0.46/Ti0.54Al0.46N multilayer films with five different periods Λ (from 4 to 50 nm) were deposited using the reactive gas pulsing process (RGPP). This RGPP approach allows the deposition of TiAl-based alloy/nitride multilayer films by radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering with a controlled pulsing flow rate of the nitrogen reactive gas. The coherent growth of the multilayer coatings, depending on the period, is checked by X-ray diffraction and the mechanical properties are determined by Berkovich nano-indentation and friction experiments. A model to describe the dependence of the indentation modulus M and the hardness HB on the penetration depth h, the period Λ, andthe film thickness ef is proposed. The indentationmodulus of themultilayer films (Mat h=0 and for ef ~ 1900 nm) is found to be in the range of 340 GPa bMb 525 GPa ≈M(Ti0.54Al0.46N). For a fixed penetration depth,Mfollows a Hall and Petch evolution as a function of the period (4 ≤ Λ ≤ 50nm). The Berkovich hardness, 25GPa b HB b 50 GPa, also presents the same kind of evolution, and for Λ b 16 nm (at h=0), HB N HB (Ti0.54Al0.46N)=33 GPa. Hence, a superlattice effect is clearly evidenced.Moreover,for the larger periods, the wear behaviour of these multilayered coatings seems to be dominated by the plastic deformation of the metallic layer. The multilayer coating of period Λ =10 nm, which exhibits a diffraction pattern typical of superlattices and favourable mechanical properties, is more precisely investigated. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the main growth of the film along the [111] direction, and the evolution of the bonding of nitrogen in the direction normal to the rough interfaces between Ti0.54Al0.46 and Ti0.54Al0.46N layers is specified by electron energy-loss near-edge spectroscopy. Nitride nano-grains are included in the metallic layer, which attests to the mixing of nitrogen into the layers. The structure of these nano-grains presents a progressive evolution into the layer and gradually acquires a TiN-like structure near the interface. For this Λ=10nm period, the indentation modulus and hardness for different penetration depths are weakly sensitive to the multilayer film thickness

Wearable multi-sensor system for embedded body position and motion analysis during cycling View publication stats View publication stats

International audiencePurpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the AREM system in laboratory conditions. AREM is an embedded electronic system for motion tracking and movement analysis, based on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors and a reconfigurable hardware/software electronic architecture including FPGA + PSoC embedded boards for real time acquisition and signal processing. Methods: AREM sensors were installed on cyclist before performing on a test in which other measurements were made to analyse efficiency of standing position. The position of cyclists during whole test was measured by both AREM and a Kinematic Arm and verified by video systems. The protocol included 13 elite participants on a motorised treadmill with their own bike during which they rode in a randomized order seated vs. standing positions with several slopes (5, 7.5 and 10%) and intensities (3.8, 4.2 and 4.6 W.kg-1). GE was calculated for each condition using the ratio of power output (PO) measured with a Powertap G3 hub (CycleOps, Madison, USA) and the oxygen uptake (VO2) measured with a portable gas analyzer (Metamax 3B, Cortex, Leipzig, Germany). Results & Discussion: The synchronised data of 8 inertial sensors was retrieved and combined to obtain joint positions of shoulders (2), waist (3), middle and lower trunk (2) on cyclist. 1 sensor was installed under the saddle of the bike. The position data was compared between the two systems, and result on validation of AREM for 3-axis displacements (up to 40cm on X axis). We also compared the accelerations (+/-2 m.s-2 seated to +/-6 m.s-2 in standing position, errors up to 10% between both systems), power and energies for each cyclist during test steps (kinetic energies variation from 1.1 J/Kg to 3 J/Kg in a pedal stroke). Moreover, the acceleration and orientation data on cyclist and bike revealed different approaches on effort management during the test, and were compared to videos to obtain sensors data according to different "standing position" techniques. This data is an interesting indicator of the cyclist fatigue during a test, and is being crossed with PO and VO2 data. Conclusion: The validation of AREM system offers the possibility to extend our measures on real cycling locomotion in outdoor conditions, replacing the kinematic arm with AREM. Despite the 3D movement analysis of the cyclist on a standard protocol, first results suggest a position adjustment according to the technique of each cyclist, but also an impact of the mechanical response of the system tires-bike frame. The main perspective of these works is to include the Structure Health Monitoring analysis (SHM) on bike and to synchronise it with the cyclist activity and motion analysis during outdoor training. With both data, we expect to develop a reliable monitoring and optimisation system of the bike-cyclist couple in different course conditions

Wearable multi-sensor system for embedded body position and motion analysis during cycling View publication stats View publication stats

International audiencePurpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the AREM system in laboratory conditions. AREM is an embedded electronic system for motion tracking and movement analysis, based on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors and a reconfigurable hardware/software electronic architecture including FPGA + PSoC embedded boards for real time acquisition and signal processing. Methods: AREM sensors were installed on cyclist before performing on a test in which other measurements were made to analyse efficiency of standing position. The position of cyclists during whole test was measured by both AREM and a Kinematic Arm and verified by video systems. The protocol included 13 elite participants on a motorised treadmill with their own bike during which they rode in a randomized order seated vs. standing positions with several slopes (5, 7.5 and 10%) and intensities (3.8, 4.2 and 4.6 W.kg-1). GE was calculated for each condition using the ratio of power output (PO) measured with a Powertap G3 hub (CycleOps, Madison, USA) and the oxygen uptake (VO2) measured with a portable gas analyzer (Metamax 3B, Cortex, Leipzig, Germany). Results & Discussion: The synchronised data of 8 inertial sensors was retrieved and combined to obtain joint positions of shoulders (2), waist (3), middle and lower trunk (2) on cyclist. 1 sensor was installed under the saddle of the bike. The position data was compared between the two systems, and result on validation of AREM for 3-axis displacements (up to 40cm on X axis). We also compared the accelerations (+/-2 m.s-2 seated to +/-6 m.s-2 in standing position, errors up to 10% between both systems), power and energies for each cyclist during test steps (kinetic energies variation from 1.1 J/Kg to 3 J/Kg in a pedal stroke). Moreover, the acceleration and orientation data on cyclist and bike revealed different approaches on effort management during the test, and were compared to videos to obtain sensors data according to different "standing position" techniques. This data is an interesting indicator of the cyclist fatigue during a test, and is being crossed with PO and VO2 data. Conclusion: The validation of AREM system offers the possibility to extend our measures on real cycling locomotion in outdoor conditions, replacing the kinematic arm with AREM. Despite the 3D movement analysis of the cyclist on a standard protocol, first results suggest a position adjustment according to the technique of each cyclist, but also an impact of the mechanical response of the system tires-bike frame. The main perspective of these works is to include the Structure Health Monitoring analysis (SHM) on bike and to synchronise it with the cyclist activity and motion analysis during outdoor training. With both data, we expect to develop a reliable monitoring and optimisation system of the bike-cyclist couple in different course conditions