Aula, mediaciones, tecnologías y pandemia: el rol docente en la virtualidad en el caso de un C.E.N.M.A

Trabajo Final para optar al grado académico de Licenciatura en Comunicación Social, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Orientación Mixta Investigación e Institucional Calificación: 9 (Nueve)Fil: Diaz Heredia, Antonella Abigail. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación; Argentina.Fil: Pino Juliana Mirta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación; Argentina.Ante la aparición en nuestro país de los primeros casos de personas enfermas a causa de COVID-19, en marzo de 2020 el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación estableció, en acuerdo con el Consejo Federal de Educación y en coordinación con todos los organismos competentes, la Resolución 108/2020 que consistió en la suspensión del dictado de clases presenciales en todos los niveles de todas las modalidades por el tiempo de 14 días. A raíz del aumento de casos por COVID-19, el Aislamiento Social, Preventivo y Obligatorio, ASPO, continuó y por ende la suspensión de las clases también. De ese modo, interrumpidas las clases presenciales, las escuelas, a través de sus equipos directivos y de docentes, se vieron en la necesidad de implementar canales de comunicación por fuera de la vía institucional tradicional con el fin de comunicarse con su comunidad educativa, en pos de sostener la continuidad pedagógica con los y las estudiantes. Es así, que el uso de las TIC se convirtió en el medio preponderante para llevar adelante las prácticas de enseñanza y bajo el cual se fueron desarrollando distintos tipos de estrategias de vinculación.Fil: Diaz Heredia, Antonella Abigail. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación; Argentina.Fil: Pino Juliana Mirta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación; Argentina

Division for Endocrine and Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “G. Barresi”, University of Messina

The visual identification of the nerve is still today the standard technique in thyroid surgery. Although the systematic use of the intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) of the NLR has not demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in NLR lesions yet, IONM has been conclusive in the case of complex anatomy (re-operation, voluminous goiter, thyroid carcinoma) and in functional integrity of the NLR. The application of the IONM allowed to reconsider the two-phase thyroidectomy procedure in order to prevent bilateral lesions to the NLR. This method makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of proceeding safely to the completion of total thyroidectomy after resection of the dominant lobe and to decide, if necessary, to delay the resection of the second lobe at a later time, as in the case of injury or dysfunction of the NLR after lobectomy. The systematic application of IONM may lead the surgeon to modify the operative strategy in the presence of LOS from the NLR ensuring an almost zero incidence of bilateral paralysis of the NLR.It is necessary to define specific application guidelines, for the management of problems related to employment as in tumor pathology

Oral Health Survey in Burundi; Evaluation of the Caries Experience in Schoolchildren Using the DMFT Index.

Background and objectives: There are no data on oral health in the population of Burundi. This study aimed to describe the oral health status of schoolchildren in Burundi using the dmft/DMFT index for the first time. Materials and methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. The survey was designed according to the WHO methodology for oral health surveys. Oral examinations were conducted in school rooms using a dental mirror, probe, and headlight. The following characteristics of primary dentition status were recorded: decayed (d/D), missing (m/M), and filled (f/F) teeth, and the dmft/DMFT (d + m + f t/D + M + F T) index was calculated for each subject. Quantitative and qualitative variables were represented by measures of position and variability. One-way ANOVA was used to assess differences between parametric variables. Logistic regression was performed for total caries experience and gender, age groups, living area, and geographical provinces. Results: A total of 1902 children were examined, 1007 (52.94%) six-year-olds and 895 (47.06%) in the older group. The dmft/DMFT and subgroups were statistically significantly different in terms of age groups, living areas, and geographical regions (dmft/DMFT d-subgroup and D-subgroup p < 0.01), but only for DMFT for sex. The ORs estimated by logistic regression by total caries experience showed a protective effect for 12 year old subjects and those living in southern provinces, an OR of 0.52 (95%CI 0.43-0.64) and an OR of 0.26 (95%CI 0.21-0.32), respectively. Conclusions: Dental caries in African countries, including Burundi, remains a major problem affecting the general health and wellbeing of the population. Tackling untreated caries requires a multifaceted approach, including strengthening oral health infrastructure, promoting oral health education, providing affordable dental services, and encouraging healthier eating habits

Discrepancies between explicit and implicit evaluation of aesthetic perception ability in individuals with autism: a potential way to improve social functioning

Background: The capacity to evaluate beauty plays a crucial role in social behaviour and social relationships. It is known that some characteristics of beauty are important social cues that can induce stereotypes or promote different behavioural expectations. Another crucial capacity for success in social interactions is empathy, i.e. the ability to understand and share others\u2019 mental and emotional states. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have an impairment of empathic ability. We showed in a previous study that empathy and aesthetic perception abilities closely related. Indeed, beauty can affect different aspects of empathic behaviour, and empathy can mediate the aesthetic perception in typically developing (TD) individuals. Thus, this study evaluates the ability of aesthetic perception in ASD individuals compared to TD individuals, using the Golden Beauty behavioural task adapted for eye-tracking in order to acquire both explicit and implicit evidences. In both groups, the relationship between empathic and aesthetic perception abilities was also evaluated. Methods: Ten ASD individuals (age \ub1 SD:20.7 \ub1 4.64) and ten TD individuals (age \ub1 SD:20.17 \ub1 0.98) participated in the study. Participants underwent empathy tasks and then the Golden Beauty task. To assess differences in the participants\u2019 performance, we carried out a repeated measures general linear model. Results: At the explicit level, our behavioural results show an impairment in aesthetic perception ability in ASD individuals. This inability could have relevance for their ability to experience pleasure during social interactions. However, at the implicit level (eye-tracking results), ASD individuals conserved a good ability to feel aesthetic pleasure during the Golden Beauty task, thus indicating a discrepancy between the explicit and implicit evaluation of the beauty task. Finally, beauty perception appears to be linked to empathy when neither of these capacities is compromised, as demonstrated in the TD group. In contrast, this link lacks in ASD individuals

Hyperhomocysteinemia as a Risk Factor and Potential Nutraceutical Target for Certain Pathologies

Hyperhomocysteinemia is recognized as a risk factor for several diseases, including cardiovascular and neurological conditions. Homocysteine (HCys) is a key metabolite involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of methionine (Met), which plays a pivotal role in the physiological cell's life cycle. The biochemistry of Met is finely regulated by several enzymes that control HCys concentration. Indeed, balanced activity among the enzymes is essential for the cell's well-being, while its malfunction could raise HCys concentration which can lead to the onset of several pathological conditions. The HCys concentration increase seems to be caused mainly by the widely diffused polymorphisms of several enzymes. Nowadays, a blood test can easily detect elevated concentrations of HCys, referred to as Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCys). Prolonged exposure to this condition can lead to the onset of cardiovascular disease and can lead to the development of atherosclerosis, stroke, inflammatory syndromes like osteoporosis and rheumatism, as well as neuronal pathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we analyzed the literature of several pathological conditions in which the molecular pathways of HHCys are involved. Interestingly, several observations indicate that the calibrated assumption of correct doses of vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and betaine may control HHCys-related conditions

Which surgery needs to be used in the Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma?

Surgery for thyroid carcinoma involves a complex decision-making process and technical skills, both related to the experience of the endocrinologist and surgeon. Based on a stratified risk approach for the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, therapeutic decisions can now be divided into active surveillance or immediate surgery, e.g. hemithyroidectomy with isthmectomy, total thyroidectomy, or thyroidectomy and locoregional lymphadenectomy. Total thyroidectomy is a surgery associated with high rates of healing and has been considered the gold standard for years. However, thyroid lobectomy, in selected cases, is now recognized as equally oncologically effective and is associated with decreased morbidity in appropriately selected patients. The morbidity of the prophylactic lymphadenectomy of the central compartment is significant in terms of transient and permanent hypocalcaemia. This led to a less aggressive prophylactic surgical approach in the recent guidelines of the American Thyroid Association of 2015.  Re-operations in the central or lateral compartment can be difficult and lead to an increased risk to the patient. Therefore, it is important to perform an optimal initial operation in every patient with thyroid cancer. Consideration should be given to addressing patients with high-risk characteristics (N1 clinical disease, locally invasive disease) to experienced surgeons, both for oncologic completeness and for significant impact on clinical outcomes and complication rates

Earthquake and People: The Maltese Experience of the 1908 Messina Earthquake

On December 28, 1908 at 5:20 a.m. local time, a devastating earthquake (Mw = 7.2) struck Southern Italy along the Messina Strait (Fig. 1). This event caused severe ground shaking throughout the region and triggered a local tsunami. As result the cities of Messina along Sicily’s coast and Reggio di Calabria were completely destroyed (Baratta, 1910) causing more than 120,000 fatalities and with many left without shelter. The effects of the earthquake were felt within a 300-kilometer radius. Rescuers searched through the rubble for weeks, and people were still being pulled out alive days later, but thousands remained buried there. The 1908 earthquake had a significant impact on buildings and people and local communities which were displaced. The Maltese experience of the Messina 1908 earthquake relied on communication which reached Malta after the event. The assessment of the Maltese experience of the Messina Earthquake has so far been carried out with reference to published newspaper reports and other brief accounts including Herbert Ganado’s Rajt Malta Tinbidel. Alfons Maria Galea a Maltese author and filanthropist published a book in Maltese on the earthquake and its devastating effects in the popular educational series il-Kotba tal-Mogħdija taż-Żmien just a few weeks after the event. The book is a vivid account of the destruction caused by the earthquake, the suffering of the survivors and the reaction of the population in reviving the city. The document presents first-hand accounts of the events in sufficient detail to give a clear picture of the severity of the event, extents of the damage and impact on the population. It is mostly based on accounts received by Galea from persons in institutions including religious orders in Sicily who he knew. Newspaper reports in Malta and other countries together with Galea’s book present clear first-hand accounts of this event and provide information on the building deficiencies and damage, limitations of communication infrastructure during that period, limits to timely emergency response to support the population and emergency action at the beginning of the 20th century.peer-reviewe

Systematic versus on-demand early palliative care: results from a multicentre, randomised clinical trial

Background Early palliative care (EPC) in oncology has been shown to have a positive impact on clinical outcome, quality-of-care outcomes, and costs. However, the optimal way for activating EPC has yet to be defined. Methods This prospective, multicentre, randomised study was conducted on 207 outpatients with metastatic or locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer. Patients were randomised to receive ‘standard cancer care plus on-demand EPC’ (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;100) or ‘standard cancer care plus systematic EPC’ (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;107). Primary outcome was change in quality of life (QoL) evaluated through the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Hepatobiliary questionnaire between baseline (T0) and after 12 weeks (T1), in particular the integration of physical, functional, and Hepatic Cancer Subscale (HCS) combined in the Trial Outcome Index (TOI). Patient mood, survival, relatives' satisfaction with care, and indicators of aggressiveness of care were also evaluated. Findings The mean changes in TOI score and HCS score between T0 and T1 were −4.47 and −0.63, with a difference between groups of 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–7.57) (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.041), and −2.23 and 0.28 (difference between groups of 2.51, 95% CI 0.40–4.61, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.013), in favour of interventional group. QoL scores at T1 of TOI scale and HCS were 84.4 versus 78.1 (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.022) and 52.0 versus 48.2 (p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.008), respectively, for interventional and standard arm. Until February 2016, 143 (76.9%) of the 186 evaluable patients had died. There was no difference in overall survival between treatment arms. Interpretations Systematic EPC in advanced pancreatic cancer patients significantly improved QoL with respect to on-demand EPC

Biodiversity of Indigenous Saccharomyces Populations from Old Wineries of South-Eastern Sicily (Italy): Preservation and Economic Potential

In recent years, the preservation of biodiversity has become an important issue. Despite much public discussion, however, current practices in the food industry seldom take account of its potential economic importance: on the contrary, the introduction of industrialized agriculture practices over large areas has often resulted in a dramatic reduction in biodiversity

Beta-Blocker Use in Older Hospitalized Patients Affected by Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Italian Survey From the REPOSI Register

Beta (β)-blockers (BB) are useful in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, the use of BBs could induce bronchoconstriction due to β2-blockade. For this reason, both the ESC and GOLD guidelines strongly suggest the use of selective β1-BB in patients with HF and COPD. However, low adherence to guidelines was observed in multiple clinical settings. The aim of the study was to investigate the BBs use in older patients affected by HF and COPD, recorded in the REPOSI register. Of 942 patients affected by HF, 47.1% were treated with BBs. The use of BBs was significantly lower in patients with HF and COPD than in patients affected by HF alone, both at admission and at discharge (admission, 36.9% vs. 51.3%; discharge, 38.0% vs. 51.7%). In addition, no further BB users were found at discharge. The probability to being treated with a BB was significantly lower in patients with HF also affected by COPD (adj. OR, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.37-0.67), while the diagnosis of COPD was not associated with the choice of selective β1-BB (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.33, 0.76-2.34). Despite clear recommendations by clinical guidelines, a significant underuse of BBs was also observed after hospital discharge. In COPD affected patients, physicians unreasonably reject BBs use, rather than choosing a β1-BB. The expected improvement of the BB prescriptions after hospitalization was not observed. A multidisciplinary approach among hospital physicians, general practitioners, and pharmacologists should be carried out for better drug management and adherence to guideline recommendations