Heavy Metal Poisoning in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Background: In recent decades the demand for unconventional pets has been relatively increasing, a situation that increasingly causes veterinarians to encounter these animals in medical and surgical practice. Of these animals, the birds stand out. Animals of the order Psittaciform are known as very curious and active creatures that have the tendency to chew objectsin their environment. Among the several occurrences that lead this animal to attend the veterinary clinic, we highlight the poisoning by heavy metals, especially lead poisoning (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The objective of this work was to report a case of heavy metal intoxication in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).Case: A cockatiel was taken to the veterinarian with a history of apathy, motor incoordination, exacerbated water consumption and regurgitation. Complete anamnesis was instrumental in directing suspected heavy metal intoxication. Radiopaque particles were visualized through radiographic examination, suggesting heavy metal intoxication. The diagnosis wasconcluded through complementary examinations since the clinical symptoms are nonspecific. The treatment was intended to provide emergency intervention, avoid further absorption, use of antidotes, provide supportive measures and provide guidance to the owner. It can be concluded that the diagnosis and treatment were successful.Discussion: Metal poisoning can kill birds. The veterinarian should always seek the literature in order to perform the best support and treatment. For this, detailed history and detailed medical history must be taken into account, since the time of ingestion and the type of metal interfere with the therapeutic conduct. The use of imaging tests such as x-rays andultrasound are essential to assist the clinician, especially in cases where the tutor does not know whether or not the animal has ingested an object. In the radiographic examination, the heavy metal has the characteristic of having high radiopacity, which was evidenced in the case in question. Radiographic positions should be considered in order to avoid false negatives. In the literature, the treatment of chelation therapy is prioritized to remove the circulating heavy metal and thus act on the cause of the problem. In the case in question calcium EDTA was used intramuscularly, which showed clinical improvement in the animal after the second application. Calcium EDTA binds to metals and facilitates their transport and excretion. The use of fluid therapy is necessary as a supportive treatment to prevent kidney damage, since heavy metals are highlyharmful to nephrons. Especially in cases where the animal stops feeding and ingesting water. The use of antibiotics is essential because in many cases the animal, in addition to not feeding, becomes prone to infections due to metal toxicity, therefore, prophylactic use is essential for a better prognosis. In the case in question, the use of enrofloxacin was effective,as reported in the literature. It is recommended that the diagnosis of serum lead and zinc dosage should be made, however, due to the difficulties of obtaining the samples, and since other metals may also cause intoxication, in the case in question the treatment was started without these results. According to the results obtained in this work, the treatment described in the literature is effective and can be performed immediately to save animal life without subsequent sequelae.Keywords: bird, lead, zinc, calcium EDTA

HIPERPLASIA ENDOMETRIAL CÍSTICA EM COELHA DOMÉSTICA

Genital system disorders are frequently found in female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CHE) having a high incidence among the reported cases. This pathology is a reflection of hormonal disorders, to which female rabbits become predisposed, as their reproductive physiology is ovulation induced by copulation. Thus, in the absence of copulation, ovulation does not occur, triggering numerous hormonal changes. From this, the present study aims to report a case of HEC in a female rabbit kept as a pet. She had never copulated and did not present apparent signs of ECH during the anamnesis, demonstrating the importance of carrying out complementary tests that helped in the early diagnosis, and associated with the ovariosalpingohysterectomy treatment adopted in the present study, provided the patient's well-being.Distúrbios do sistema genital são frequentemente encontrados em coelhas-domésticas (Oryctolagus cuniculus), tendo a hiperplasia endometrial cística (HEC) alta incidência entre os casos já relatados. Essa patologia é reflexo de distúrbios hormonais, aos quais as coelhas tornam-se predisponentes, pois apresentam como fisiologia reprodutiva a ovulação induzida pela cópula. Desse modo, na ausência da cópula, a ovulação não ocorre, desencadeando inúmeras alterações hormonais. A partir disso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de HEC em coelha-doméstica mantida como animal de estimação. Essa nunca havia copulado e não apresentava sinais aparentes de HEC durante a anamnese, demonstrando a importância da realização de exames complementares que auxiliaram no diagnóstico precoce, e associado ao tratamento de ovariosalpingohisterectomia adotado no presente estudo, proporcionaram o bem-estar da paciente

VESICULITE COM EVOLUÇÃO PARA DEGENERAÇÃO TESTICULAR EM PORQUINHO-DA-ÍNDIA

Pathologies in the male reproductive system are common in both animals and humans. Male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), the species presented in the following report, have 4 accessory glands in their reproductive system. However, vesiculitis, inflammation of one of these glands, can affect most species. The treatment chosen by the responsible veterinarian was orchiectomy surgery, to remove both testicles, aiming at not exposing the animal to the risks of aggravating the condition. However, the procedure was not authorized by the tutors and, as a consequence, there was a negative evolution of the condition and the patient presented a decrease in the length of the testicles. The aggravation led to the procedure being performed as an emergency treatment. However, the animal also had other alterations that increased pre, trans and postoperative risks, such as liver disease, nephropathy and cystitis, in addition to increased hematocrit and MCV and low MCC, leukopenia and mild lymphocytosis. Thus, the present work reports a case of testicular degeneration due to vesiculitis in a guinea pig.Patologias no aparelho reprodutor masculino são comuns tanto em animais quanto em humanos. Os Porquinhos-da-índia (Cavia porcellus) machos, espécie apresentada no seguinte relato, apresentam 4 glândulas acessórias no seu aparelho reprodutivo. No entanto, a vesiculite, inflamação de uma dessas glândulas, pode afetar a maioria das espécies. O tratamento eleito pelo veterinário responsável foi a cirurgia de orquiectomia, para retirada de ambos os testículos, visando a não exposição desse animal aos riscos do agravamento da afecção. No entanto, o procedimento não foi autorizado pelos tutores e, como consequência, houve uma evolução negativa do quadro e o paciente apresentou diminuição do comprimento dos testículos. O agravamento levou a realização do procedimento como tratamento de urgência. Todavia, o animal também apresentava outras alterações que aumentavam os riscos no pré, trans e pós-operatório, como hepatopatia, nefropatia e cistite, além do hematócrito e VCM aumentados e CHCM baixo, leucopenia e discreta linfocitose. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho relata um caso de degeneração testicular em decorrência de um quadro de vesiculite em porquinho-da-índia

LEPTOSPIROSE EM UM GRUPO DE Rattus norvegicus MANTIDOS COMO PET COM SUBSEQUENTE TRANSMISSÃO ZOONÓTICA

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which affects wild and domestic animals and also humans, with dogs and synanthropic rodents being the main urban reservoirs. The present work aims to report the case of a group of twister rats kept as pets affected by leptospirosis with subsequent transmission to a tutor. In the first consultation, it was reported that one of the animals had neurological symptoms. Subsequently, showing signs of pain and discomfort. In addition, a corneal ulcer was found in the right eyeball. At the same time, the tutor was diagnosed with leptospirosis. Thus, as the reported animal shared the environment with four other specimens, a joint infection was suspected, and the diagnosis was confirmed after performing the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test. In humans and other species, when diagnosed at an early stage and with prompt treatment, it has a high chance of cure. When there is a drastic worsening of the clinical picture, euthanasia in animals is the most prudent solution to be taken, and this measure was adopted in this report.A Leptospirose é uma doença bacteriana, zoonótica, causada pela bactéria do gênero Leptospira, que acomete animais silvestres, domésticos e também o homem, sendo o cão e os roedores sinantrópicos, os principais reservatórios urbanos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o caso de um grupo de ratos twister mantidos como pets acometidos por leptospirose com posterior transmissão para tutor. Em primeiro atendimento, foi relatado que um dos animais apresentava sintomatologia neurológica. Posteriormente, apresentando sinais de dor e desconforto. Além disso, foi comprovada úlcera de córnea em globo ocular direito. Concomitante a isso, o tutor foi diagnosticado com leptospirose. Assim, como o animal relatado compartilhava o ambiente com outros quatro exemplares, suspeitou-se de infecção conjunta, tendo o diagnóstico confirmado após a realização do exame de Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR). Em humanos e em outras espécies, quando diagnosticada no estágio inicial e com tratamento rápido, tem altas chances de cura. Quando há piora drástica do quadro clínico, a eutanásia nos animais, mostra-se como a solução mais prudente a ser tomada, sendo esta medida adotada neste relato

OBSTRUÇÃO INTESTINAL POR CORPOS ESTRANHOS EM DOIS INDIVÍDUOS CHELONOIDIS CARBONARIA

Intestinal obstruction in tortoises is very recurrent in the clinic due to the ingestion of foreign bodies. Here, two of these cases are reported in individuals of the species Chelonoidis carbonaria, taken to the clinic with anorexia and intestinal constipation with absence of defecation. The cases were diagnosed after additional tests were carried out, such as radiography, which enabled the definitive diagnosis, as it made it possible to visualize the amorphous content in the gastrointestinal tract of both individuals. The animals underwent emergency celiotomies, opening an access window in the plastron, making it possible to access the cavity for removal of foreign bodies. The postoperative period was different in each case, due to specific complications, such as a possible anemic and/or infectious condition in the postoperative period in one of the animals. It is concluded that enterotomy with removal of foreign bodies is effective in treating severe cases of obstruction, and that rearing reptiles such as pets requires specialized veterinary care to provide adequate management and facilities to avoid the ingestion of foreign bodies by the animals.A obstrução intestinal em jabutis é muito recorrente na clínica devido à ingestão de corpos estranhos. Aqui, são relatados dois destes casos em indivíduos da espécie Chelonoidis carbonaria, levados à clínica apresentando anorexia e constipação intestinal com ausência de defecação. Os casos foram diagnosticados após serem realizados exames complementares, a exemplo da radiografia, que possibilitou o diagnóstico definitivo, já que tornou possível a visualização do conteúdo amorfo no trato gastrointestinal dos dois indivíduos. Os animais foram submetidos a celiotomias de emergência, abrindo uma janela de acesso no plastrão, sendo possível acessar a cavidade para retirada dos corpos estranhos. O pós-cirúrgico foi diferente em cada caso, devido a complicações específicas, a exemplo de um possível quadro anêmico e/ou infeccioso no pós-operatório em um dos animais. Conclui-se que a enterotomia com remoção dos corpos estranhos é eficaz para tratar casos severos de obstrução, e que criação de répteis como pets necessita de acompanhamento veterinário especializado para propiciar manejo e instalações adequadas visando evitar a ingestão de corpos estranhos pelos animais

TRATAMENTO DE INFESTAÇÃO POR MEGNINIA SPP EM CALOPSITA

Mites are ectoparasites that commonly inhabit the skin and feathers of birds, although common, little is known about the mites and its treatment. This work aims to report the treatment of a Calopsite (Nhimphicus hollandicus) infested by Megninia spp., using selamectin and permethrin. Single dose selamectin 10mg / kg was directly applied on the back of the calopsite, repeating the dose after 15 days, a 0.25% permethrin based talc-containing drug was also prescribed to discharge into the environment in which the animal lived It was concluded that the treatment against Megninia spp. infestation, using selamectin 10mg / kg and 0.25% permethrin, was effective, with total recovery of the animal.Os ácaros são ectoparasitas que comumente habitam a pele e as penas das aves, embora comuns, pouco se sabe sobre os ácaros e seu tratamento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar o tratamento de uma Calopsita (Nhimphicus hollandicus) infestada por Megninia spp., utilizando selamectina e permetrina. Foi aplicada dose única de selamectina 10mg/kg diretamente no dorso da calopsita, repetindo a dose após 15 dias, também foi prescrito um fármaco à base de permetrina 0,25% contendo talco para descarga no ambiente em que o animal vivia Concluiu-se que o tratamento contra Megninia spp. a infestação, utilizando selamectina 10mg/kg e permetrina 0,25%, foi eficaz, com recuperação total do animal

TRATAMENTO FITOTERÁPICO DE UROLITÍASE COM CRANBERRY EM UM PORQUINHO-DA-ÍNDIA

Urolithiasis is a common disease in rodents, characterized by the formation of urolith in the urinary system. It is commonly diagnosed in guinea pigs, which are susceptible to urolith formation. The present study reports a case of urolithiasis in guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), which when confirmed with the use of an ultrasound, was treated with Cranberry and dipyrone, the treatment was effective after the elimination of the identified calculus, 4 days atfer the treatment started.A urolitíase é uma doença comum em roedores, caracterizada pela formação de urólitos no sistema urinário. É comumente diagnosticado em cobaias, que são suscetíveis à formação de urólitos. O presente estudo relata um caso de urolitíase em cobaia (Cavia porcellus), que quando confirmado com o uso de ultrassom, foi tratado com Cranberry e dipirona, o tratamento foi eficaz após a eliminação do cálculo identificado, 4 dias após o tratamento iniciado