Hipoteca de escravos no Sistema de Crédito Colonial Brasileiro - Vila de Curitiba (1773 - 1812)

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História, 2018.A partir de escrituras de 1773 a 1812 do Tabelionato da Vila de Curitiba, seus livros de batismos e listas nominativas, examinamos o saldo das dívidas senhoriais para as famílias escravas no que diz respeito à possibilidade de separação de seus membros por penhora ─ situação de fragilidade financeira ou, pelo menos, de limitada margem de ação dos endividados. Para tanto, elaboramos um quadro geral das circunstâncias de empréstimo, uma análise de redes sociais dos agentes de crédito da Vila e uma investigação das identidades dos escravizados. Buscamos, então, responder as seguintes perguntas: qual a gravidade da situação de dívida que inclui a penhora de bens e hipotecas? Havia um costume social regulador da hipoteca de escravos? Quem poderia ser hipotecado? Havia uma consideração básica de tentar não separar os parentes? Discutimos, por fim, o peso da instituição familiar na economia doméstica escravista.Based on public deeds from 1773 to 1812 from Notary of Curitiba Village , as well as on its Baptismal books and residents lists, we examine the balance of slave owners debts to their enslaved families concerning the possibility of family dissolution on mortgage arrangements ─ a situation of financial fragility or at least of limited scope for action by debtors. To do so, we elaborate a general scenario with all loan and credit circumstances, a social network analysis from the village's credit agents and an identity investigation of their slaves. Thereafter, we try to answer the following questions: how severe a debt must be to include any attachment on assets or general mortgage? Was there any social tradition regulating the mortgage of slaves? Who used to be elected as debt assurance? Were the families dissolution taken into account at any level? Finally, we discuss the effects from the institution of enslaved families on the colonial domestic economy

O espírito dos negócios : instituições, autoridade e estratégia discursiva em cartas mercantis entre Curitiba e o Rio de Janeiro (1770-1800)

Dissertação (mestrado) — Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de História, 2022.Nesse trabalho, acompanhamos a dinâmica de Sociedades de Comércio coloniais na segunda metade do século XVIII e a vida econômica dos habitantes dos Campos Gerais de Curitiba, a partir de cartas mercantis de dois grupos de comerciantes e seus registros no Tabelionato de Notas da vila. Através de seu modo de se comunicar e suas escrituras, observamos a construção de vínculos e da própria confiança, além da manutenção e desenvolvimento de suas redes, em relacionamentos por vezes instáveis, mas duradouros. Tratamos especificamente do reflexo das instituições na sua linguagem e nas suas estratégias argumentativas, em contratos gerais e em cartas entre sócios. Instituições tais como a família, as hierarquias e a própria religiosidade católica, em vinculação com os instrumentos de autoridade formais do Reino como o Tabelionato Notarial – que não só contornam os relacionamentos, como pautam suas ideias sobre as possibilidades de ação e de ganho justo, assim como os demais interesses privados. Sob outro ângulo, observamos também como a população curitibana entendia o funcionamento institucional de sua época e como acionavam seus instrumentos de maneira estratégica, com motivações econômicas específicas, em disputas de autoridade que transparecem na linguagem oficial. E desse modo, observando suas articulações a partir das correspondências, as Ordenações Filipinas, Livros de batismo, listas nominativas, processos judiciais, mapas e especialmente sete Livros de Notas da Vila de Curitiba, abordamos o envolvimento das instituições do Reino locais e além-mar em seus conflitos, em escala imperial. Em um jogo entre o formal e o informal, portanto, tratamos dos contextos que incidiam no comércio, nas formas de se negociar e na vida econômica geral − principalmente por meio de cartas e papéis − e na procura por tornar públicos os problemas de ordem particular.This work follows the economic life and the dynamics of colonial Trading Societies in the second half of the 18th century, based on the mercantile letters and notarial registers of two groups of traders from Curitiba. Through their means of communication, we observe the process of building bonds of trust, in addition to the development of their networks, with relationships that are sometimes unstable, but long-lasting. We specifically deal with the effect of institutions in their language and their argumentative strategies in general contracts, as well as letters between business partners. Social institutions such as Family, Ancién Régime hierarchies, and the Catholic religiosity itself, in connection with the formal instruments of authority from the Kingdom of Portugal – such as the Public Notary – which not only enclose relationships but also guide their ideas about fair profit and the possibilities of action, as well as their private interests. From a local standpoint, we also show how the population understood the formal institutions of their time and how they used their mechanisms with specific motivations and strategies in disputes over authority, which reflects in the official language. In this way, we approach the involvement of local and overseas Kingdom institutions in their conflicts, observing their articulations on an imperial scale – using their correspondences, the laws of Ordenações Filipinas, Baptismal Books, Nominative lists, judicial processes, maps, and especially seven Books of Public Deeds from the Village of Curitiba. Briefly, we deal with the institutional contexts that affected commerce, the ways of negotiating, the general economic life – mainly through letters – and the decision of making problems of private order public in Colonial Brazil

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data