NIVELES SÉRICOS DE VITAMINA E, VITAMINA A Y HIERRO EN CERDOS DESTETADOS DE GRANJAS PORCÍCOLAS DEL MUNICIPIO DE HERMOSILLO: ESTUDIO PILOTO

Se determinaron los niveles séricos de vitamina A, E y hierro en cerdos de granjas porcícolas del Municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, México, ya que actualmente se carece de información de estos micronutrientes en esta región. Se muestrearon 4 granjas, en donde se tomaron muestras de sangre en base al 5 % la población total de cerdos en etapa de destete (21 ± 5 días de edad). Las vitaminas A y E se determinaron por HPLC. El hierro sérico y la capacidad total de fijación de hierro se determinaron por espectrofotometría. Las concentraciones de vitamina E mostraron variación entre granjas, los cerdos de las granjas 1 (3,4 µg/mL) y 2 (3,2 µg/mL) mostraron valores más altos de vitamina E (

Antioxidant defence of colostrum and milk in consecutive lactations in sows

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Parturition is supposed to be related to oxidative stress, not only for the mother, but also for the newborn. Moreover, it is not clear whether consecutive pregnancies, parturitions, and lactations are similar to each other in regards to intensity of metabolic processes or differ from each other. The aim of the study was to compare dynamic changes of antioxidative parameters in colostrum and milk of sows taken during 72 h postpartum from animals in consecutive lactations. Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase (GSH-Tr), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and amount of vitamin A and C were measured. Healthy pregnant animals were divided into 4 groups according to the assessed lactation: A -1^stlactation (n = 10), B - 2^ndand 3^rdlactation (n = 7), C - 4^thand 5^thlactation (n = 11), D - 6^th- 8^thlactation (n = 8). The colostrum was sampled immediately after parturition and after 6, 12, 18 and 36 h while the milk was assessed at 72 h after parturition. Spectrophotometric methods were used for measurements.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The activity of antioxidative enzymes and the concentration of vitamin A increased with time postpartum. The concentration of vitamin C was the highest between the 18th and 36th h postpartum.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Dynamic changes in the values of antioxidant parameters measured during the study showed that sows milk provides the highest concentration of antioxidants in the 2^ndand 3^rdand 4^thand 5^thlactation giving the best defence against reactive oxygen species to newborns and mammary glands.</p

Ácidos hidroxicinámicos en producción animal: farmacocinética, farmacodinamia y sus efectos como promotor de crecimiento. Revisión

Use of natural source additives in animal production is increasingly important because they potentially promote growth in ways similar to synthetic compounds, such as anabolic hormones and antibiotics, but without risks to animal or consumer health or degrading meat quality. Encompassing a wide variety of compounds extracted from different plant parts, natural origin additives can be administered as essential oils, mixtures of compounds or isolated compounds to function as medicinal remedies or dietary supplements. Phenolic compounds are widely used and include hydroxycinnamic acids, present in a variety of vegetables, fruits and grains. These acids exhibit interesting bioactivities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, prevention of cardiovascular diseases and immunomodulation. Use of hydroxycinnamic acids in animal production is currently limited but may hold promise in promoting growth. Before this can occur further research is needed on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, posology, exposition period and effects, as well as their possible metabolic routes and biotransformation in animal organisms. This review covers inclusion of hydroxycinnamic acids in livestock diets, their pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamics, and findings on their effects in promoting growth and improving meat quality.El uso de aditivos de origen natural en producción animal ha tomado gran importancia en el sector pecuario, debido a su potencial de promover el crecimiento de una forma similar a los compuestos sintéticos como hormonas y antibióticos, pero sin causar posibles daños a la salud del animal, del consumidor o detrimento en la calidad de la carne. En los aditivos de origen natural existe una amplia variedad de compuestos, que son extraídos de distintas partes de las plantas, donde se toman ciertos aceites esenciales, mezclas de compuestos o compuestos aislados para utilizarse como remedios medicinales o suplementos alimenticios. Dentro de estos extractos, se encuentran los ácidos hidroxicinámicos, presentes en una gran variedad de vegetales, frutas y granos; los cuales presentan interesantes propiedades bioactivas como son, antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, preventivos de enfermedades cardiovasculares e inmunomoduladores. El uso de este tipo de aditivos en producción animal aún es limitado, pero se sugiere que su inclusión puede ser favorable como una estrategia para promover el crecimiento; sin embargo, dos aspectos importantes a estudiarse en los ácidos hidroxicinámicos es su farmacocinética y farmacodinamia, y a partir de allí establecer las condiciones de dosis, períodos de uso y efectos, además las posibles rutas y biotransformaciones que pueden ocurrir en el organismo animal. Esta revisión discute sobre la inclusión de ácidos hidroxicinámicos en dietas de animales de engorda, propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinamias, y los hallazgos como promotores de crecimiento y sus efectos en la calidad de la carne

Vitamin E in immunity and reproductive performance in pigs

This review is focused on studies of vitamin E in immunity and reproductive performance in pigs. There are reports that vitamin E can have a positive effect on some parameters of the immune system in pigs. The optimal level of vitamin E needed to improve the immune system has not been determined because of several factors such as the composition of the diet, feed consumption, the rate of animal growth and living conditions or stress. Moreover, the way of action of vitamin E in enhancing immunity is still unclear but according to reports it may have antioxidant properties as well as an immunomodulator effect. In several studies, an increase in litter size and a reduction of preweaning pigletmortality have resulted from increasing dietary vitamin E intake during gestation or by intramuscular injection of vitamin E and/or selenium. However, according to reports, the positive effect of vitamin E on reproductive performance remains unclear due to the low number of animals used in most experiments

Contenido de ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) en leche de ganado lechero Holstein estabulado en el noroeste de México

Experimental animal studies suggest that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has beneficial health properties. Ruminant-derived products such as meat and milk are the principal natural sources of CLA. Milk CLA content is influenced by several factors, including diet and production system. An evaluation was done of CLA content in milk from confined Holstein cows at a farm in Hermosillo municipality, Sonora State, Mexico, during the summer months, when daytime temperatures surpass 40 °C. Milk samples were collected from 120 cows. Quality parameters such as fat, lactose, protein and total solids percentages were measured using AOAC methods. The fatty acid and CLA profile was generated by gas chromatography. Average milk production was 15.8 ± 0.5 kg/day, fat content was 1.91 ± 0.06 %, lactose content was 4.30 ± 0.2 %, protein content was 3.34 ± 0.03 and total solids content was 10.4 ± 0.09 %. Unsaturated fatty acids content was higher (PEstudios en animales experimentales señalan que el ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA por sus siglas en inglés), posee propiedades benéficas para la salud. Los productos derivados de rumiantes como carne y leche son la mayor fuente natural de CLA, y su contenido en leche puede ser influenciado por varios factores como la alimentación y el sistema de producción. Este trabajo evalúo el contenido de CLA en leche de vacas Holstein estabuladas en el municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora durante el verano, donde se registran temperaturas superiores a los 40 °C. Se obtuvieron muestras de leche de 120 vacas. El perfil de ácidos grasos y CLA en leche fueron determinados por cromatografía de gases. La producción promedio de leche fue 15.8 ± 0.5 kg/día, con 1.91 ± 0.06 % de grasa, 4.30 ± 0.2 % de lactosa, 3.34 ± 0.03 % de proteína, y de 10.4 ± 0.09 % de sólidos totales. El contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados fue mayor (