EFFECTS OF TRAINING MASK ON HEART RATE AND ANXIETY DURING THE GRADED EXERCISE TEST AND RECOVERY

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of training mask on heart rate (HR) and related anxiety during Graded Exercise Exercise (GXT). Six volunteer participants (age 20,5 ± 0,5 yrs, height 181,8 ± 5,5 cm, weight 74,5 ± 7 kg, BMI 22,51 ± 0,81) have been included in the study. PARQ and ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine) risk factor analysis have been made to all of the participants before the tests. Only healthy experimental subjects have been included in the study. The participants have been randomly separated into two groups (A, B) including 3 people. On the first day of the test, Group A completed the test with the training mask (TM) while the Group B completed it without training mask (NTM). Two days later, the groups were changed and they repeated the tests (Crossover Design). GXT have been applied to the participants on the treadmill until they got exhausted. During the 5-minute recovery time given after the end of GXT, HR variables have been measured. At the end of recovery, Becks Anxiety Inventory (BAI) has been implemented. In order to determine the differences came out at the measurements made after TM and NTM exercises, non-parametric t-test has been used and the confidence interval has been taken as p˂0,05. At the end of GXT and the following 5-minute recovery time, a significant difference has been found in HR variables between both groups (p˂, 005). The termination process of the test with TM has been 2.45% earlier (from 15.02 sec. to 14.49 sec.) than the NTM group and HR average at the end of recovery period has been found 9.12% lower than NTM group. In addition to this, there is no significant difference between anxiety total scores of the two groups (p˃, 005). As a conclusion, while low HR averages of TM group can be explained as CO2 diaspora, it can be figured that the similarity in terms of anxiety levels between the groups has resulted from the fact that the running test has been finished up to the participation own decision.  Article visualizations

The Economics of Uncovered Interest Parity Condition for Emerging Markets: A Survey

Financial account liberalizations since the second half of the 1980s paved way for the burgeoning literature that investigates foreign exchange market efficiency in emerging markets via testing for the uncovered interest parity (UIP) condition. This paper provides a broad and critical survey on this recent literature as well as a general understanding on the topic through reviewing the related literature on developed economies where recent methodological advances in time series econometrics have provided favorable results, questioning the previously documented UIP puzzle. The literature on emerging markets suggests that these countries deserve a special treatment by taking into account the existence of additional types of risk premia, high inflation episodes, financial contagion, peso problem, simultaneity problem, asymmetricity, and the determination of de facto structural breaks.Uncovered Interest Parity; Forward Premium Bias; Emerging Markets

Evaluation of clinical, diagnostic and treatment aspects in hydatid disease: analysis of an 8-year experience

Background & Objective: Echinococcosis is still a common health problem. The aim of this study was to discuss our 8-year data in terms of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cystic Echinococcosis.Methods: A total of 178 patients who had hydatid cyst were analyzed retrospectively from the hospital records. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was based on clinical-serological and radiological findings. Treatment response was evaluated with clinical, radiological and serological findings.Results: A total of 178 medical records were evaluated; the male:female ratio was 0.73 and mean age 44.6±16.9 years. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (94, 52.8%). The mean cyst size was 9.5±3.9 cm. Eosinophilia was significantly higher in patients with complicated cyst (35.3%) (p=0.002). The average duration of hospitalization in surgical patients was shorter than non-surgical patients (p=0.026). There was no significant correlation between the preference of scolicidal agent (hypertonic saline, H2O2, povidone iodine) and recurrence in patients who underwent surgery (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the patients who underwent radical and conservative surgery in terms of complication and recurrence (p=0.077, p=0.557). No significant difference was found between percutaneous and surgical treatment in terms of complication and recurrence (p=0.264, p=0.276).Conclusion: Even though considerable progress has been made, uncertainties remain in the diagnosis and treatment of Echinococcosis. Hence, standardized diagnostic and treatment procedures should be established with well-designed studies.Keywords: Echinococcosis, hydatid cyst, diagnosis, treatment

Optimal multi-period consumption and investment with short-sale constraints

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This article examines agents’ consumption-investment problem in a multi-period pure exchange economy where agents are constrained with the short-sale of state-dependent risky contingent claims. In equilibrum, agents hold options written on aggregate consumption in their optimal portfolios. Furthermore, under the specific case of quadratic utility, the optimal risk-sharing rule derived for the pricing agent leads to a multifactor conditional consumption-based capital asset pricing model (CCAPM), where excess option returns appear as factors. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Constrained nonlinear programming for volatility estimation with GARCH models

This paper proposes a constrained nonlinear programming view of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) volatility estimation models in financial econometrics. These models are usually presented to the reader as unconstrained optimization models with recursive terms in the literature, whereas they actually fall into the domain of nonconvex nonlinear programming. Our results demonstrate that constrained nonlinear programming is a worthwhile exercise for GARCH models, especially for the bivariate and trivariate cases, as they offer a significant improvement in the quality of the solution of the optimization problem over the diagonal VECH and the BEKK representations of the multivariate GARCH model

Evaluation of clinical, diagnostic and treatment aspects in hydatid disease: analysis of an 8-year experience

Background & Objective: Echinococcosis is still a common health problem. The aim of this study was to discuss our 8-year data in terms of diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of cystic Echinococcosis. Methods: A total of 178 patients who had hydatid cyst were analyzed retrospectively from the hospital records. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was based on clinical-serological and radiological findings. Treatment response was evaluated with clinical, radiological and serological findings. Results: A total of 178 medical records were evaluated; the male:female ratio was 0.73 and mean age 44.6\ub116.9 years. The most common symptom was abdominal pain (94, 52.8%). The mean cyst size was 9.5\ub13.9 cm. Eosinophilia was significantly higher in patients with complicated cyst (35.3%) (p=0.002). The average duration of hospitalization in surgical patients was shorter than non-surgical patients (p=0.026). There was no significant correlation between the preference of scolicidal agent (hypertonic saline, H2O2, povidone iodine) and recurrence in patients who underwent surgery (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the patients who underwent radical and conservative surgery in terms of complication and recurrence (p=0.077, p=0.557). No significant difference was found between percutaneous and surgical treatment in terms of complication and recurrence (p=0.264, p=0.276). Conclusion: Even though considerable progress has been made, uncertainties remain in the diagnosis and treatment of Echinococcosis. Hence, standardized diagnostic and treatment procedures should be established with well-designed studies

Choosing Exercise Cadence on the Outdoor Stepper for Various Exercise Intensity

Public parks and gardens are gaining numerous outdoor fitness equipment (OFE), easily accessed by the public. Most people use this equipment without any guidance and thus there is a need for basic guidelines on how to use the equipment. This study offers a practical guideline for exercising on one of the most widely used pieces of OFE, the outdoor stepping machine (OSM). Thirty-four healthy adults (nine females, 25 males) participated in workouts of three separate stepping exercises at different intensities, controlled by stepping cadence. At each 5-minute phase, rated perceived exertion (RPE), oxygen consumption (VO2), metabolic equivalent of task (MET) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Corresponding MET values of exercise cadences were calculated to be 5.3 at 80 steps.min−1, 6.0 at 96 steps.min−1 and 6.6 at 112 steps.min−1. Mean values for RPE at each stepping cadence were 9.1 (very light), 11.9 (moderate) and 14.8 (difficult), respectively. In conclusion, when the ACSM’s guidelines for indoor stepper machine (ISM) were taken as a reference, 80 steps.min−1 were suitable for warm-up, 96 and 112 steps.min−1 were appropriate for moderate exercise. People exercising on OSMs could easily use the cadence or the RPE scale as a guideline to exercise at the desired intensity

The Effect of Family Attitudes and Preparation of High School Entrance Exam on Habitual Physical Activity in Children

AbstractPhysical activity level (PAL) is an important factor to promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle along the whole life cycle. The children and adolescent period is the critical time to acquire positive lifestyle habits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of both high school entrance exam (HSEE) and parental behaviors on habitual PAL of students during the preparation of this exam. Totally 319 Elementary School students (154 girls, 165 boys) between ages of 11-13 were selected randomly for this study. PAL of students were evaluated by using the Beacke Physical Activity Questionnaires. There were a no significant differences between attendance and non attendance to extra courses for HSEE in terms of word activity (WA), sport activity (SA), and leisure activity (LA) scores (p<.05) among the students. It was shown that regular physical activity attendance of mothers plaid a significant role in LA scores (p≤.03) among the students. However, WA, and SA scores of students were not affected from their mother's habitual activities (p<.05). On the other hand, there were significant differences in WA, and SA according to father's regular physical activity attendance (p≤.01).As a conclusion, parental habitual physical activity level played an important role in high score of student's LA. It is recommended to monitor and promote parental physical activity

SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPIC AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES ON 4-(2-(2-(2-FORMYLPHENOXY)ETHOXY)ETHOXY)PHTHALONITRILE AS A FUNCTIONALIZED PHTHALONITRILE

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel compound, 4-(2-(2-(2-formylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethoxylphthalonitrile as the aldehyde functional group substituted as a phthalonitrile derivative. The spectroscopic properties of the compound were examined through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. The molecular structure of the compound was also confirmed using X-ray single-crystal data with a theoretical comparative approach