H2S paper strip method - A bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various temperatures

Epidemics arising from waterborne diseases are a global health problem. Faecal contamination of drinking water is the main cause of these outbreaks. According to WHO (1996) for drinking water to be safe, a 100 ml sample should not contain any coliform bacteria. The standard methods currently used for routine testing have many limitations especially when applied in remote areas. The H2S method has been developed as an on-site, inexpensive and easy to use method to test drinking water for remote and rural areas. The present work analyses the reliability of the H2S method for detecting faecal contamination in drinking water. The minimum level of faecal coliforms that could be detected and the incubation period required at various levels of contamination were studied. The range of temperatures at which the method was effective and the incubation period required at various temperatures were also determined. The H2S method was found to be able to detect contamination down to a level of 1 CFU/100 ml of coliform bacteria. Although the H2S method could be used at a temperature range of 20 to 44oC, temperatures between 28 to 37oC gave faster results. An incubation period of only 24 hours was required at 37oC, which was found to be the most suitable incubation temperature. The incubation period increased with a decrease or increase in temperature

Tuna fisheries of India

Tunas constitute 3.7% of the total commercial pelagic Jin fish production of the country (Av. 1992-96: 1,14.1067 t). The dominant species which support tuna fishery in the small scale sector in India are Euthynnus afflnls. Auxis thazard, A. rochel, Thunnus tonggol, Katsuwonus pelamis, Thunnus albacares and Sarda orlentalls. Of the total tuna catch (Av. 1992-96: 41,978 t). 77.6% has been landed from, the west coast, 16.8% from the east coast 5% from the Lakshadweep and 0.5% from the Andaman & Nicobar islands. The status of production of different tuna species in India and their environmental preference are summarised. Biological features such as food and feeding habits, age and growth, size at first maturity, spawning and fecundity are briefly discussed. Trends in the production of tunas along the mainland coast of India and Lakshadweep, population parameters and the results of stock assessment are presented briefly. Suggestions for future research and options for tuna fishery development in India are also discussed. The present communication is a review of the works done during the past fifty years and discusses the present status and future strategy of tuna fisheries research and development in India

तटीय संपदाओं में स्कोम्ब्रोइड मछलियों का महत्व और विदोहन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Pelagic fisheries resources of India- An overview

The annual pelagic fish production increased from 0.30 million t during 1950 to 1.2 million t during 1996 along the Indian coast. The four fold increase in production was due to mechanisation, motorisation of the country crafts, introduction of larger mechanised boats etc. Kerala ranked first among the maritime states of India, contributing 31% of the total pelagic fish followed by Gujarat (13.7%)and Tamil Nadu (13.0%). Out of the 250 species that contribute to the pelagic fisheries, only about 60 species belonging to 7 groups form fisheries of substantial magnitude. The groups which exceed one lakh t in production per year were mackerel, oil sardine, anchovies, carangids and Bombay duck. The fluctuations in the landings of oil sardine and Indian mackerel and the gear-wise production of pelagics are discussed in the paper. Suitable management measures and suggestions for future research priorities for sustaining the pelagic fisheries have suggested in this overview

भारत की वेलापवर्ति मात्स्यिकी संपदाओं का विदोहन, परिरक्षण और प्रबंधन

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Pelagic Fisheries of India

India has been one among the top 10 fish-producing countries of the world since 1960: with its position oscillating between the third and the sixth rank. Currently India occupies the third position, contributing about 4.8 I % (6.2 million tonnes including inland and marine production) to the world fish production of about 128.8 million tonnes. The marine fish production in India had reached 2.72 million tonnes in 1997 due to mechanization of crafts. motorization of country crafts, commencement of the stay-over fishing, and improvements in gears and related infrastructural facilities, which were introduced at different periods since late I 950s

Sustainable Management of Marine Fisheries of India

India is one among the top ten fish producing countries in the world contributing over 5% (7.5 million tonnes (t)) of the world fish production. The marine fisheries sector contributes nearly 50% of the total fish production and the total export of seafood during 2008-09 was estimated at 6,02,835 t at a value of Rs. 8608 crores. The estimated manpower employed in the marine fisheries sector in 2005 was a whopping 1.24 million and in addition an almost equal number are reported to be involved in the harvest and post-harvest activities including marketing

Distribution and seasonal abundance of macrobenthos of the Cochin Backwaters

Macrobenthos was studied at fortnight1y intervals during March 1974 to March 1975 at S. stations spread over a distance of about 12 km in the eochin Backwaters. Environmental parameters such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and grain size were also studied and correlated with distribution and abundance of macrofauna. Pattern of distribution and seasonal abundance of important benthic groups were studied. Among the various animal groups studied. Polychaetes constituted the bulk of the fauna at all stations throughout the year. Distribution of bottom fauna in different stations from month to month showed maximum bentbic population during December to April and minimum during south-west monsoon period (July to September). It was also seen that thick clay supported poor fauna while sand, silt and clay in more or less equal proportions supported dense and varied populations

Status, prospects and management of pelagic fisheries in India

The annual pelagic fish production in India increased from 0.3 million t (mt) during 1950 to 1.4 mt in 2003 registering more than four fold increase. The potential yield from the pelagic resources of the EEZ is estimated to be 1.92 mt. During the last decade pelagic finfish resources contributed 46-56 % (average 51 %) of the total production. Almost 70 % of the production was obtained from within 50m depth zone

Status, prospects and management of pelagic fisheries in India

India has been one among the top ten fish producing countries of the world since 1960 with its position oscillating between the third and the sixth rank. Currently India occupies the third position contributing about 5% (6.5 million tonnes, including inland and marine fish production) to the world fish production of about 128.8 million tonne