48 research outputs found
Low Threshold Parametric Decay Back Scattering Instability in Tokamak ECRH Experiments
The experimental conditions leading to substantial reduction of
backscattering decay instability threshold in ECRH experiments in toroidal
devices are analyzed. It is shown that drastic decrease of threshold is
provided by non monotonic behavior of plasma density in the vicinity of
magnetic island and poloidal magnetic field inhomogeneity making possible
localization of ion Bernstein decay waves. The corresponding ion Bernstein wave
gain and the parametric decay instability pump power threshold is calculated.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Electron Bernstein waves in spherical tokamak plasmas with "magnetic wells"
In addition to traditional regimes with monotonously increasing magnetic
field, regimes with "magnetic wells" also occur in spherical tokamaks (STs).
The magnetic field profile inversion modifies significantly the whole picture
of the wave propagation and damping. Since the magnetic wells may become quite
common with further improvement of ST performance, analysis of such
configurations is of interest for assessment of EBW plasma heating an CD
perspectives. In this paper the basic features of the EBWs propagation and
damping for the second cyclotron harmonic in a slab model are considered.Comment: Proc. of 13-th Joint Workshop on ECE and ECRH, N.Novgorod, Russia May
17-20, 2004, 8 pages, 4 fig
Collisionless absorption, hot electron generation, and energy scaling in intense laser-target interaction
Among the various attempts to understand collisionless absorption of intense
ultrashort laser pulses a variety of models has been invented to describe the
laser beam target interaction. In terms of basic physics collisionless
absorption is understood now as the interplay of the oscillating laser field
with the space charge field produced in the plasma. A first approach to this
idea is realized in Brunel's model the essence of which consists in the
formation of an oscillating charge cloud in the vacuum in front of the target.
The investigation of statistical ensembles of orbits shows that the absorption
process is localized at the ion-vacuum interface and in the skin layer: Single
electrons enter into resonance with the laser field thereby undergoing a phase
shift which causes orbit crossing and braking of Brunel's laminar flow. This
anharmonic resonance acts like an attractor for the electrons and leads to the
formation of a Maxwellian tail in the electron energy spectrum. Most remarkable
results of our investigations are the Brunel-like hot electron distribution at
the relativistic threshold; the minimum of absorption at W/cmm, in the plasma target with the
electron density of cmm the drastic
reduction of the number of hot electrons in this domain and their reappearance
in the highly relativistic domain; strong coupling of the fast electron jets
with the return current through Cherenkov emission of plasmons. The hot
electron energy scaling shows a strong dependence on intensity in the
moderately relativistic domain
W/cmm, a scaling in vague accordance with current published
estimates in the range
W/cmm, and a distinct power increase beyond
W/cmm.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
Spatial and Wavenumber Resolution of Doppler Reflectometry
Doppler reflectometry spatial and wavenumber resolution is analyzed within
the framework of the linear Born approximation in slab plasma model. Explicit
expression for its signal backscattering spectrum is obtained in terms of
wavenumber and frequency spectra of turbulence which is assumed to be radially
statistically inhomogeneous. Scattering efficiency for both back and forward
scattering (in radial direction) is introduced and shown to be inverse
proportional to the square of radial wavenumber of the probing wave at the
fluctuation location thus making the spatial resolution of diagnostics
sensitive to density profile. It is shown that in case of forward scattering
additional localization can be provided by the antenna diagram. It is
demonstrated that in case of backscattering the spatial resolution can be
better if the turbulence spectrum at high radial wavenumbers is suppressed. The
improvement of Doppler reflectometry data localization by probing beam focusing
onto the cut-off is proposed and described. The possibility of Doppler
reflectometry data interpretation based on the obtained expressions is shown.Comment: http://stacks.iop.org/0741-3335/46/114
Particle-in-cell simulations of parametric decay instabilities at the upper hybrid layer of fusion plasmas to determine their primary threshold
Parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) are nonlinear processes by which energy from a strong pump wave may be directed into other waves at other frequencies, in particular natural modes of the medium, provided that energy and momentum are conserved. The particle-in-cell (PIC) code EPOCH is used to simulate PDIs in a magnetically confined fusion plasma converting a 105 GHz microwave X-mode pump wave into electrostatic daughter waves at the upper hybrid (UH) layer. Modes associated with the PDIs as well as a linearly converted electron Bernstein wave (EBW) are identified in f- and k-space. The PDI daughter modes are found to agree with experimental observations from ASDEX Upgrade as well as with analytical predictions, showing a nonlinear increase in power above a predicted threshold