PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinomas

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156448/2/jdv16420_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156448/1/jdv16420.pd

Biological and Health-promoting Activity of Vinification Byproducts Produced in Spanish Vineyards

Several by-products are produced in the Spanish agricultural system. Among them, fresh and vinifiedgrape skins represent an abundant source of phenols with a potential nutraceutical value. Fresh grape skinextracts (FGSE) and vinification of grape skin extracts (VGSE) obtained by a microwave-assisted methodhave been chemically and biologically characterised. Their role in the maintenance of genetic stabilitywas stated by in vivo genotoxic and antigenotoxic evaluations (Drosophilla melanogaster wing spot test), aswell as by their potential chemopreventive effect (in an HL60 in vitro model). Total phenolic, anthocyaninand resveratrol contents were chemically characterised in the two extracts, showing some qualitativedifferences. Both extracts and resveratrol were not mutagenic in the Drosophila somatic mutation andrecombination tests, and exerted antigenotoxic activities against hydrogen peroxide. They also showedcytotoxic activity to HL60 leukaemia cells, with an IC50 of 4.5μL/mL, 4.6μL/mL and 98μM respectively andinduced apoptotic internucleosomic fragmentation in the HL60 cell line

Bomba rice conservation with a natural biofilm

[EN] The chemical composition of commercial Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum verum, and Laurus nobilis essential oils as well as their antifungal activity against four pathogenic fungi isolated from Mediterranean rice grains has been investigated. Eighty nine compounds accounting for between 98.5 and 99.4% of the total essential oil were identified. The phenylpropanoids eugenol (89.37 ± 0.29%) and eugenol (56.34 ± 0.41%), followed by eugenol acetate (19.48 ± 0.13%) were, respectively, the main compounds in clove and cinnamon essential oils, whereas large amounts of the oxygenated monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (58.07 ± 0.83%) and ¿-terpinyl acetate (13.05 ± 0.44%) were found in bay leaf essential oil. Clove and cinnamon oils showed the best antifungal activity results against all tested fungi. Against Alternaria alternata, clove essential oil displayed the best antifungal effect, whereas against Curvularia hawaiiensis, cinnamon essential oil was more active. Both essential oils showed a similar antifungal effect towards Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium oxysporum. In vitro studies in inoculated rice grains showed that clove and cinnamon totally inhibited pathogenic fungal development after 30 days of incubation. In vivo studies showed that eugenol used with a polysaccharide such as agar¿agar formed a fine coat which wraps the inoculated rice grains, creating a natural biofilm and reducing the development of all pathogenic fungi (80¿95%) for 30 days.This study has been financed by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad; Subdireccion General de Proyectos de Investigacion; Convocatoria de Ayudas a Proyectos de I+D+i; Research Challenges and Program-Oriented Societal Challenges 2014-2017, reference number AGL2013-42989-R-AR. The authors also thank the Central Service for Experimental Research of the University of Valencia (SCSIE) for providing the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry equipment and the Coleccion Espanola de Cultivos Tipo (CECT) for providing equipment for molecular identification of strains.Rosello Caselles, J.; Giménez, S.; Ibañez, M.; Blazquez, M.; Santamarina Siurana, MP. (2018). Bomba rice conservation with a natural biofilm. ACS Omega. 3(3):2518-2526. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.7b01804S251825263

The Effect of 17α-Ethynilestradiol and GPER1 Activation on Body and Muscle Growth, Muscle Composition and Growth-Related Gene Expression of Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata L

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals include natural and synthetic estrogens, such as 17α- ethynilestradiol (EE2 ), which can affect reproduction, growth and immunity. Estrogen signalling is mediated by nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors, such as the new G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1). The present work studies the effect of EE2 and G1 (an agonist of GPER1) on body and muscle parameters and growth-related genes of 54 two-year-old seabreams. The fish were fed a diet containing EE2 (EE2 group) and G1 (G1 group) for 45 days and then a diet without EE2 or G1 for 122 days. An untreated control group was also studied. At 45 days, the shortest body length was observed in the G1 group, while 79 and 122 days after the cessation of treatments, the shortest body growth was observed in the EE2 group. Hypertrophy of white fibers was higher in the EE2 and G1 groups than it was in the control group, whereas the opposite was the case with respect to hy- perplasia. Textural hardness showed a negative correlation with the size of white fibers. At the end of the experiment, all fish analyzed in the EE2 group showed a predominance of the gonadal ovarian area. In addition, the highest expression of the mafbx gene (upregulated in catabolic signals) and mstn2 (myogenesis negative regulator) was found in EE2 -exposed fish.Versión del editor2,46

STANDARDIZED CATCH RATES FOR MEDITERRANEAN SWORDFISH (XIPHIAS GLADIUS LINNAEUS, 1758) FROM THE SPANISH LONGLINE FISHERY. 1988-2018

Standardized relative abundance indices for swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758) caught by the Spanish surface longline in the western Mediterranean Sea were estimated for the period 1988-2018. Standardized CPUEs in number were estimated through a General Linear Mixed Modeling (GLMM) approach under a negative binomial (NB) error distribution assumption. Standardized CPUEs in biomass were estimated through a General Linear Mixed Modeling (GLMM) approach under a log-normal error distribution assumption. The main factors in the standardization analysis were fishing area and time of the year (quarter). The standardized indices showed notable annual fluctuations without any definite trend for the period under studyEn prens

STANDARDIZED CATCH RATES OF ALBACORE (THUNNUS ALALUNGA BONNATERRE, 1788) IN THE SPANISH RECREATIONAL FISHERY IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRARREAN IN THE PERIOD 2005-2019

Catch and effort data from the Spanish recreational fishery in the Balearic Sea (Western Mediterranean) were analysed to estimate an index of relative abundance for albacore for the years 2005-2019. Standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) in number were estimated through a General Linear Mixed Modeling (GLMM) approach under a negative binomial (NB) error distribution assumption. Nominal catch rates and a standardized abundance index are presented along with estimates of 95% confidence limits of the predicted means. These indices show an upward trend from the start of the series 2005 peaking in 2013; followed by a decrease until 2015. For the latest four-year period (2016-2019), the index shows a relatively stable trend fluctuating around a level two times lower than the maximum abundance recorded in the time series.En prens

Estudio de la madurez y fecundidad de Coryphaena hippurus, en el mar de Alborán - Mediterráneo occidental

La llampuga Coryphaena hippurus (Linnaeus, 1758) también conocida como dorado o lirio es una especie epipelágica migratoria ampliamente distribuida en aguas tropicales y subtropicales. Esta especie es de gran interés tanto para las pesquerías comerciales como para las deportivas en múltiples países a nivel mundial. Las llampugas son reproductores parciales con periodos de puesta que se extienden durante varios meses en aguas cálidas preferentemente de 21-30ºC. En este trabajo se emplearon ejemplares capturados por la pesca deportiva en campeonatos de pesca de altura celebrados en aguas del Mediterráneo, concretamente en el mar de Alborán, durante nueve años (2011-2019) en los meses de agosto y septiembre. El análisis del sex ratio de 70 individuos (57 – 114 cm) mostró una mayor proporción de hembras que de machos (2:1). Un total de 45 ovarios fueron clasificados macroscópicamente, de los cuales 30 fueron examinados histológicamente. Las estimas de la fecundidad por tandas de 10 hembras (58 – 101 cm) varío entre 104179 y 1231207 ovocitos hidratados con una media de 686495 ± 409088 ovocitos hidratados. El análisis del índice gonadosomático y el examen de las gónadas (macroscópico y microscópico) ponen de manifiesto que el mar de Alborán es una zona de puesta para la llampuga

Potential red-flag identification of colorectal adenomas with wide-field fluorescence molecular endoscopy

Adenoma miss rates in colonoscopy are unacceptably high, especially for sessile serrated adenomas / polyps (SSA/Ps) and in high-risk populations, such as patients with Lynch syndrome. Detection rates may be improved by fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME), which allows morphological visualization of lesions with high-definition white-light imaging as well as fluorescence-guided identification of lesions with a specific molecular marker. In a clinical proof-of-principal study, we investigated FME for colorectal adenoma detection, using a fluorescently labelled antibody (bevacizumab-800CW) against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is highly upregulated in colorectal adenomas. Methods: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (n = 17), received an intravenous injection with 4.5, 10 or 25 mg of bevacizumab-800CW. Three days later, they received NIR-FME. Results: VEGFA-targeted NIR-FME detected colorectal adenomas at all doses. Best results were achieved in the highest (25 mg) cohort, which even detected small adenomas ( < 3 mm). Spectroscopy analyses of freshly excised specimen demonstrated the highest adenoma-to-normal ratio of 1.84 for the 25 mg cohort, with a calculated median tracer concentration in adenomas of 6.43 nmol/mL. Ex vivo signal analyses demonstrated NIR fluorescence within the dysplastic areas of the adenomas. Conclusion: These results suggest that NIR-FME is clinically feasible as a real-time, red-flag technique for detection of colorectal adenomas

Glycemic index, glycemic load and invasive breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women: The PREDIMED study

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prospective associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and the risk for invasive breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study was conducted within the framework of the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) study, a nutritional intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention. We included 4010 women aged between 60 and 80 years who were initially free from breast cancer but at high risk for CVD disease. Dietary information was collected using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. We assigned GI values using the International Tables of GI and GL values. Cases were ascertained through yearly consultation of medical records and through consultation of the National Death Index. Only cases confirmed by results from cytology tests or histological evaluation were included. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for invasive breast cancer risk across tertiles of energy-adjusted dietary GI/GL using Cox regression models. We repeated our analyses using yearly repeated measures of GI/GL intakes. No associations were found between baseline dietary GI/GL and invasive breast cancer incidence. The multivariable hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the top tertile of dietary GI was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.42–2.46) and for dietary GL was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.44–2.30) when compared with the bottom tertile. Repeated-measures analyses yielded similar results. In sensitivity analyses, no significant associations were observed for women with obesity or diabetes. Dietary GI and GL did not appear to be associated with an increased risk for invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women at high CVD risk