The predictors of glucose screening: the contribution of risk perception

BACKGROUND: The prevention of type 2 diabetes is a challenge for health institutions. Periodic blood glucose screening in subjects at risk for developing diabetes may be necessary to implement preventive measures in patients prior to the manifestation of the disease and to efficiently diagnose diabetes. Not only medical aspects, but also psychological and social factors, such as the perception of risk (the individuals’ judgment of the likelihood of experiencing an adverse event) influence healthy or preventive behaviors. It is still unknown if risk perception can have an effect on health behaviors aimed at reducing the risk of diabetes (glucose screening). The objective of study was to identify factors that influence glucose screening frequency. METHODS: Eight hundred randomized interviews, which were stratified by socioeconomic level, were performed in Mexico City. We evaluated the perception of risk of developing diabetes, family history, health status and socioeconomic variables and their association with glucose screening frequency. RESULTS: Of the study participants, 55.6% had not had their glucose levels measured in the last year, whereas 32.8% of the subjects reported having monitored their glucose levels one to three times per year and 11.5% had their levels monitored four or more times per year. Risk perception was significantly associated with the frequency of blood glucose screening. Having a first-degree relative with diabetes, being older than 45 years and belonging to a middle socioeconomic level increased the probability of subjects seeing a doctor for glucose screening. CONCLUSIONS: Glucose screening is a complex behavior that involves the subjects’ perception of threat, defined as feeling vulnerable to the development of diabetes, which is determined by the subject’s environment and his previous experience with diabetes

Actividad física y sedentarismo: determinantes sociodemográficos, familiares y su impacto en la salud del adolescente

Objetivo Determinar la asociación de las conductas sedentarias y falta de actividad física en adolescente con características de la familia y/o aspectos sociodemográficos. De manera secundaria, si estas conductas influyen sobre el estado de salud y su riesgo cardiovascular.Material y Métodos Se encuestó a una muestra aleatoria de adolescentes acerca de la frecuencia de actividad física y conductas sedentarias; estado de salud, índices antropométricos; estructura, dinámica y funcionalidad familiar. Resultados Fueron encuestados 932 adolescentes, promedio de edad 16.07±1.09 años, 56,3 % fueron mujeres. El 66,3 % tenía un nivel de actividad física menor al recomendado y el 51,9 % eran sedentarios. La falta de actividad física y las conductas sedentarias estuvieron  asociada con el género (mujeres 56,8 % vs. 45,4 % hombres, p≤0.01, mujeres 56,8 % vs. 45,4 % hombres, p=0.000 respectivamente). Las características de la familia no influyeron sobre estas conductas de riesgo. No se pudo demostrar la relación entre la actividad física y sedentarismo con el IMC a diferencia de la medición de la circunferencia de la cintura la cual se encontró asociada a estas conductas de riesgo. Los adolescentes con buena salud fueron más activos (36,1 % vs. 27 %) y menos sedentarios  (49,3 % vs. 59,4 %) que aquellos que reportaron un estado poco saludable.Conclusiones Las conductas sedentarias y la falta de actividad física están más determinadas por factores sociodemográficos que por aspectos familiares. Estas conductas tienen influencia en la salud de los adolescentes

PILAR LAVIELLE's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

Conducta del enfermo ante el dolor crónico Illness behavior in chronic pain

OBJETIVO: Describir la "conducta de enfermedad" en pacientes con dolor crónico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Durante el año 2000 se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 53 pacientes en una institución del tercer nivel de atención. Allí se exploró su interpretación y respuesta inicial al dolor crónico y prácticas subsecuentes hasta sentirse satisfechos con el diagnóstico recibido. RESULTADOS: La conducta de enfermedad estuvo determinada por la intensidad, discapacidad y creencias de las causas del dolor, recomendaciones de las redes de apoyo, la calidad y satisfacción con los sistemas de atención. En términos de la toma de decisión, la primera opción fue acudir al sector popular, y consultar al médico general, para finalmente acudir a un tercer nivel de atención ("con el especialista"). CONCLUSIONES: La conducta de enfermedad es un proceso en el que se utilizan los diferentes sectores de la atención por parte de los mismos sujetos y que es determinado por el resultado de la atención brindada.OBJECTIVE: To describe the illness behaviour in patients with chronic pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews to 53 patients during 2000, in a tertiary care center. We explored their initial interpretations, responses and subsequent practices to chronic pain, until they received a diagnosis that satisfied them. RESULTS: Illness behaviour was determined by pain intensity and disability; beliefs regarding pain causes, trust in social networks, and quality and satisfaction with the health care systems. In terms of the decision to seek care, the first option was to go to the popular sector, followed by consulting a general physician, and as last resort, to go to a tertiary care center ("with a specialist"). CONCLUSIONS: Illness behaviour should be conceptualized as a process, which combines the use of different health care sectors by the same subjects, as a result of care provided sequentially by each previous sector

Validation of a risk perception questionnaire developed for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BackgroundRisk perception is a multidimensional phenomenon that describes the individual's judgment of the likelihood of experiencing something unpleasant. Risk perception helps to understand how rheumatoid arthritis patients perceive disease-related-risks. We developed and validated a risk perception questionnaire for Spanish speaking rheumatoid arthritis patients.MethodsThe questionnaire development and validation was performed in 3 steps, using respective convenience samples. Step-1 included the conceptual model construction, 20 patient's interviews to identify components from the conceptual model-dimensions and 11 healthcare provider´s consultations who identified RA related manifestations/complications (network and frequencies analysis). Step-2 consisted of item generation and reduction and questionnaire feasibility (n = 100). Step-3 consisted of the questionnaire psychometric validation (n = 270), which included content, face, construct (exploratory factor analysis) and criterion validity (logistic regression analysis) and consistency and stability (Cronbach's α and test-retest).ResultsSamples were representative of typical RA outpatients. Initial conceptual model included 7 dimensions, 3 for probability and 1 each, for responsibility, prevention, control and for severity (Step-1). The final version was considered feasible by the patients and included 27 items (Step-2). A five-factor model was most appropriated and resulted in 68.8% of the variance explained: Cronbach's α = 0.90, intraclass-correlation-coefficient = 0.93 (95% CI = 0.90-0.95). A positive relation between number of external criteria from the charts and risk perception was found; all items had ≥80% agreement from experts; patients agreed about item´s semantic clarity (89%) and format adequacy (97%), (Step-3).ConclusionsThe risk perception questionnaire was valid and reliable to evaluate risk perception construct in RA outpatients; it can be incorporated to routine care and clinical research, and guide interventions to improve patient's health behaviors

Validation of the COVID-19 Fear Scale modified for application during the perinatal period

Purpose The COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S) allows screening in general population; however, there is no specific instrument in our population for screening in the perinatal period that considers fear related with COVID-19 and offspring well-being. We aimed to validate the FCV-19S modified for application during the perinatal period. Materials and methods Analytical, cross-sectional design. After signing consent, women 18–45 years were included. Internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha, external validity using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), factorial analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient for re-test. Results The sample included 178 women, mean age 31.04 ± 5.9. We obtained internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.873 (95%CI, 0.842–0.899). Spearman’s Rho coefficient was 0.207 (p= .013). All the elements were statistically significant for the polychoric correlation (p<.001). Reliability test–retest with intraclass correlation was 0.873. Conclusions The version of FCV-19S modified with eight items is a valid measurement instrument for application during the perinatal period, showing adequate internal consistency and external validity with HADS as measure of concurrence to identify anxiety related with COVID-19 during the perinatal period

Prevalence of cognitive impairment in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients: Are chronic inflammatory diseases responsible for cognitive decline?

<p>Database with results of cognitive tests for recntly diagnosed diabetes patients and associated diseases </p> <p> </p

Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling of cefquinome in nonpregnant, pregnant, and lactating goats after intravenous and intramuscular administration

Cefquinome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin that is used empirically in goats. Different physiologic factors like pregnancy or lactation could determine the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs in the organism. The objectives of this study are to (a) compare the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration in adult nonpregnant (n = 6), pregnant (n = 6), and lactating goats (n = 6), at a dose of 2 mg/kg, with rich sampling by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, (b) conduct a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended posology in goats with different physiological states, and (c) determine the optimal posology that achieve a PTA value ≥ 90%, taking into account a T > MIC ≥ 60% of a MIC value ≤ 0.25 µg/ml, in the different subpopulations of goats for both routes. Gestation significantly increased Ka and V1, while reduced F0, Cl, and Q. On the other hand, lactation significantly increased V1 and reduced Tk0. Cefquinome concentrations achieved in placental cotyledon, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum indicate a minimal penetration across the placental barrier. Moreover, milk penetration of cefquinome was minimal. The total body clearance of cefquinome for goats was 0.29 L kg−1 hr−1, that is apparently higher than the reported for cows (0.13 L kg−1 hr−1) and pigs (0.16 L kg−1 hr−1). So, the optimal dose regimen for cefquinome after intravenous and intramuscular administration required higher dose and frequency of administration compared with recommendations for cows or pigs. Therefore, 2 mg kg−1 8 hr−1 and 5 mg kg−1 12 hr−1 could be used for IV and IM routes, respectively, for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by P. multocida and M. haemolytica, but only 5 mg kg−1 12 hr−1 by both routes should be recommended for Escherichia coli infections.Fil: Litterio, Nicolás Javier. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzutti, Augusto Matías. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Zarazaga, María del Pilar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Himelfarb, Martín Alejandro. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. IRNASUS CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: San Andrés-Larrea, Manuel Ignacio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Pharmacology and toxicology; EspañaFil: Serrano-Rodríguez, Juan Manuel. Universidad de Córdoba. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Pharmacology Area. Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy; Españ