The NICE guideline on the treatment of child and adolescent depression : a meta-review of the evidence for individual CBT

This document is the accepted manuscript version of the following article: Pieter W. Nel, ‘The NICE guideline on the treatment of child and adolescent depression: a meta-review of the evidence for individual CBT’, European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, Vol 16 (3): 267-287, first published online on 25 June 2014. The final, definitive version is available online at doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2014.929595 Published by Taylor & Francis. © 2014 Taylor & Francis.The National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the UK published its guideline on the treatment of children and adolescents who have been diagnosed with depression in 2005. Although the guideline has not been updated since, it is widely used in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in England and Wales to advocate that all children and young people who have been diagnosed with depression should have access to individual cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) through the Children and Adolescent Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (CYP-IAPT) project. This article critically reviews the guideline in terms of the evidence that NICE cites for the efficacy of individual CBT. In particular, it provides a meta-review of four randomised control trials where the effectiveness of individual CBT was compared to another psychological therapy intervention, a non-specific control intervention, and/or a wait-list. Each trial is considered separately, before looking at the overall evidence that they provide when the findings are considered as a whole. A trial comparing individual CBT to a non-psychological intervention (medication) is discussed separately. This review found that on present evidence, individual CBT cannot be viewed as an evidence-based psychological therapy for children and young people who have been diagnosed with depression.Peer reviewe

Business issues and business prospects of immigrant entrepreneurs in New Zealand: an empirical analysis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)

Immigrant entrepreneurs are widely perceived as being highly sought after for innovation and economic growth. This view is commonly shared by many developed countries where immigration policies favourably reflect special visas and entry programmes to attract immigrant entrepreneurs. It is also widely acknowledged that business ownership is not only higher, but also growing among the foreign-born population rather than the native-born population in a country. New Zealand is not an exception to this, as immigrants turn more frequently to self-employment and start up their own than do native-born workers. This paper seeks to examine whether a relationship between certain business issues and business prospects of immigrant entrepreneurs in a constructed Structured Equation Modelling (SEM) approach exists. This analysis is carried out on the basis of a face-to-face questionnaire survey on the 262 immigrant entrepreneurs of small retail businesses in Auckland. A step by step approach was utilised by means of a quantitative analysis starting from an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to comply with the structured model. Subsequently, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to obtain results. The finding shows that the ratio of Chi-square (x2) to the degree of freedom (df) is 2.072. The value of CFI is 0.922 and RMSEA is 0.074, satisfying the goodness of measures in the model constructed. Furthermore, the structural path (relationships) between immigrant business issues in relation to business prospects is significant (p < 0.05). The study concludes that there are specific issues or factors that positively contribute to business prospects of immigrant entrepreneurs. With the increase in the awareness of business issues which immigrant entrepreneurs are confronted with, there is a greater possibility that business prospects will also be promising. This may reflect the overall growth of small businesses in which the immigrant entrepreneurs are involved, given the possibility that they would potentially contribute to economic growth activities in New Zealand

Negotiating motherhood as a refugee: Experiences of loss, love, survival and pain in the context of forced migration

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article published by Taylor & Francis in European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling on September 2016, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13642537.2016.1214160 © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupThe mental health of refugees has been an increasingly-researched area, but has been criticised for having an individualised and symptom-focused approach to understanding the experience of forced migration. This paper attempts to respond to calls to address this culturally limited and incomplete way of conceptualising responses to experiences of persecution and terror bound up within global hegemony and power inequalities. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was employed to analyse semi-structured interviews undertaken with six refugee mothers, with the aim of exploring how participants made sense of, and created meaning around parenting and family life in the UK. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis (a) loss as a constant companion to parenting; (b) a shifting view of the self as a mother; and (c) taking the good with the bad in family life. Methodological limitations, as well as implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.Peer reviewe

The Impact of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on Training and Practice in Clinical Psychology

This is a pre-publication version of the following article: Pieter W. Nel, David Novelli & Lizette Nolte, 'The impact of problem-based learning on training and practice in clinical psychology', Clinical Psychology Forum, Number 294, June 2017, available online at: https://shop.bps.org.uk/publications/publication-by-series/clinical-psychology-forum/clinical-psychology-forum-no-294-june-2017.html. Published by the British Psychological Society.This study investigated the impact of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on the training and professional practice of clinical psychologists, using a mixed method design. The findings suggest that PBL is experienced by trainees as an effective method of learning in clinical psychology.Peer reviewe

We were in one place, and the ethics committee in another: Experiences of going through the research ethics application process

© The Author(s) 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed.This study aimed to explore postgraduate students’ lived experiences of managing research ethics committee processes. Whilst there is a wide range of research that explores ethics principles/guidance and committee perspectives upon research ethics processes, there is a lack of research into applicant experiences of these processes. Thus, interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was utilised to explore the lived experiences and personal meaning-making of seven doctoral-level students participating in clinical psychology training. Three main themes emerged from participants’ accounts: (1) The emotional intensity and personal impact of the ethics process; (2) responses to and ways of managing the ethics process and (3) challenges within the ethics process. The results of this study highlight the importance of recognising the impact of the relationships between research students, courses and research ethics committees upon applicants’ progress through the research ethics process. In particular, an unhelpful ‘them and us’ dynamic may be maintained by misunderstandings about each other’s roles, uncertainty and stereotyping, amongst other factors. Potential ways to change this dynamic and to improve the research ethics process are explored.Peer reviewe

Hermēs Dolios: Performances of Hermes as trickster in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes

This thesis explores the Greek god Hermes' representation in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes to establish the extent to which he partakes in Hynes' defined set of characteristics associated with mythological 'trickster' figures. Hermes is an unorthodox figure as although he embodies many aspects of the trickster, he willingly relinquishes some of these aspects within his hymn. I first outline and explore the trickster phenomenon and the complex methodological issue concerning global comparison. Hynes’ criteria are first applied to three other tricksters the Amerindian (Winnebago) trickster Wakdjunkaga, the central African (Azande) trickster Ture and the northern European (Norse) trickster Loki, which establishes a baseline that will help determine how Hermes conforms to this typology. All three figures’ cultural contexts are first addressed, as the cultural context is key in understanding a figure’s potential inclusion in the trickster category. I then explore Hermes’ performances within his hymn and other genres to formulate how his patron powers and actions relate to his designation as a trickster. I argue, in conclusion, that Hynes’ typology is a useful tool in determining any figure’s degree of ‘tricksterness’ and show that Hermes and the other three figures do embody Hynes’ characteristics. Each, however, embodies them differently and in a specific manner. I argue that the manner in which they relate to the criteria is dictated by their respective cultural contexts, and what their narrators intended to illustrate through the stories wherein tricksters reside. I further argue that narrative intent, genre and cultural context appear to be the main factors that mould each respective figure.Thesis (MA) -- Faculty of Humanities, School of Languages and Literatures, 202

Creative maps for training systemic psychotherapists

In this study psychotherapy training is described from a new epistemological perspective. This perspective, based upon new science and physics and Batesonian evolution, embodies elements of holism, reciprocity, circularity and a both/and view of the universe. From a new epistemological perspective understandings of psychotherapy training are constructed, not discovered. By precluding the notion of absolute truth, an infinite variety of alternative constructions of training becomes possible. The conceptual map constructed in this study incorporates a process model for the training of systemic psychotherapists. In terms of this model, training should be a context where various orders of learning are encountered by student and trainer. In particular, the trainees must learn how to differentiate from each other and how to separate from the trainer. Three evolutionary stages of training are identified to describe how an emancipatory learning context may be created. It is suggested that training may never be concluded.PsychologyM.A. (Clinical Psychology

Pinking of wine – influence of different winemaking processes, causative agents and pinking treatments

Thesis (PhDAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2021.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pinking is a slight salmon-red discolouration in certain white wines after some oxygen ingress. This discolouration can lead to some economical loss to the winemaker. This phenomenon was first described in the late 1960s to the early 1970s. In the 50 odd years that this phenomenon is known, only about 4 peer-reviewed scientific articles were ever written with a handful of popular articles. In the first article on pinking, the researcher looked at how to test for pinking susceptibility (PS) as well as the influence of SO2 and pH on a pinked wine. This article established the method that is now used all over wine-producing countries. The influence of SO2 was established and the outcome was that the wine needs at least 40 mg/L of SO2 to protect the wine against PS. It was also established that the change in pH does not influence the pink colour showing that pinking is not associated with anthocyanins. In another article, preventative agents were researched. It was found that PVPP can bind certain compounds, presumably phenolic compounds, and settle them out, decreasing the PS. This research led to a phenomenal increase in the sale of PVPP. Literature indicated the possibility of anthocyanins in white wine and found malvidin-3-O-glucoside to play a role in PS of Siria grapes. In this study, the influence of temperature, skin contact time and pressing methods were researched on PS. Whole bunch press was tested against crushed & destemmed grapes. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was also measured to deduce the influence of oxygen on PS. The DO of the whole bunch pressed grapes was significantly higher than the crushed & destemmed grapes. This was due to more air space between the berries. Micro oxygenation in the initial stages of the winemaking practices led to a higher PS in the whole bunch pressed wines. The temperature had the highest influence on PS. Cooler (4ºC) grapes also had a significantly higher DO than grapes at ambient (20ºC) temperature. This finding was confirmed by different winemakers which had problems with pinking. All of them picked their Sauvignon blanc grapes at the coolest temperature, keeping them as cool as possible before processing. This and the higher DO in the juice help with the oxidation of the pinking precursors leading to a wine with a high PS. Longer skin contact time leads to a higher potential to pink, but this PS was not significant. When long skin contact time was combined with a cool temperature, the PS increases significantly. In two articles by Portuguese researchers, the presence of malvidin-3-O-glucoside was established. The theory that all cultivars have the genes to produce anthocyanins, but that the genes are repressed in white wines grapes, could hold some truth. In UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis, the spectra of pinked wines and control wines were analysed. The ranges where the differences in spectra were visible was not associated with any phenolic or anthocyanin compounds. During LC-MS analysis of the peaks showed that the compounds causing PS does not fit any of the known wine phenols. During the LC-MS analysis, the mass and retention times were given. The masses were compared to the library of the LC-MS and no fits to the mass data were established, thus making the identification of the compounds near impossible. A sensory analysis was done on pinked wines which are novel work and was never done before. The anecdotal evidence shows that pinked wine does not influence the aroma and taste. This was tested against a trained panel. It was found that the trained panel could not pick up the difference between a pinked wine and a control wine, although some of the tasters could pick up oxidation characters on the aroma. The sensory study showed that the panelists could pick up differences by smell but not on the taste of the wines. This study proved the anecdotal evidence and could lead to further sensory studies in the sensory science of pinked white wines. This study paved the way for further sensory research on pinked wines. The data also showed that panels can now be trained in identifying pink wine as a wine fault or to contribute a new style of wine to the public.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pienkwording1 in sommige wit wyne het 'n effense salmrooi verkleuring na aanraking met suurstof tydens sekere wynmaakprosesse. Hierdie verkleuring kan tot 'n ekonomiese verlies vir die wynmaker lei. Hierdie verskynsel is die eerste keer in die laat 1960's tot vroeë 1970's beskryf. In die om en by 50 jare wat hierdie verskynsel bekend is, is daar slegs ongeveer 4 wetenskaplike artikels en 'n handjievol populêre artikels geskryf. Die eerste artikel oor pienkwording het die navorser ondersoek ingestel na die toets metode van pienkwording, asook die invloed van SO2 en pH op 'n pienk wyn. In hierdie artikel word die metode bepaal wat nou algemeen in die wynproduserende lande gebruik word. Die invloed van SO2 is vasgestel en die resultaat wys dat die wyn minstens 40 mg/L SO2 benodig om die wyn teen pienkwording te beskerm. Daar is ook vasgestel dat die verandering in pH nie die pienk kleur beïnvloed nie, wat wys dat pienk nie met antosianiene geassosieer word nie. In 'n volgende artikel is die voorkomende middels teen pienkwording ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat Polivinielpolipirrolidoon (PVPP) die vermoë het om sekere verbindings, wat vermoedelik fenoliese verbindings kan wees, te bind en uit te skei. Hierdie navorsing het gelei tot 'n fenomenale toename in die verkoop van PVPP. Die laaste artikels het die moontlikheid van antosianiene in witwyn ondersoek. Die navorsers het malvidin-3-O-glukosied in Siria-druiwe gevind, 'n kultivar wat in Portugal afkomstig is. In hierdie navorsing is die invloed van temperatuur, dopkontak en persmetodes ondersoek. Heeltrospers is getoets teen ontstingelde en afgemaalde druiwe. Opgeloste suurstof (DO) is ook gemeet om die invloed van suurstof op pienkwording te meet. Die DO van die heeltrospers was aansienlik hoër as die ontstingelde en afgemaalde druiwe. Dit was as gevolg van meer lugruimte tussen die korrels. Suurstofopname in die beginfase van die wynmaakpraktyke, het gelei tot 'n hoër pienkwording in die heeltrosgepersde wyne. Temperatuur het die grootste invloed op pienkwording gehad. Koeler (4°C) geparste druiwe het ook 'n aansienlik hoër DO gehad as die omgewingstemperatuur (20°C). Hierdie bevinding was bevestig deur verskillende wynmakers wat pienkwordingsprobleme gehad het nadat Sauvignon blanc teen koeler temperature gepars was. Koel temperature en hoër DO in die sap het gehelp met die oksidasie van die pienkwordingsvoorgangers wat gelei het tot 'n wyn met 'n hoë pienkwordingspotensiaal. Dopkontak tyd het gelei tot 'n hoër pienkwordingspotensiaal, maar hierdie pienkwordingspotensiaal was nie betekenisvol nie. Wanneer lang dopkontak gekombineer word met koel temperature, neem die pienkwording aansienlik toe. In twee artikels deur Portugese navorsers was die teenwoordigheid van malvidin-3-O- glukosied vasgestel. Die teorie dat alle kultivars die gene het om antosianiene te produseer, maar dat die gene in witwyndruiwe onderdruk word, kan 'n mate van waarheid wees. In UV- sigbare spektrofotometriese analise is die spektra van pienkwyne en kontrolewyne geanaliseer. Die variasies wat deur die verskille in spektra sigbaar was, het nie verband gehou met enige fenoliese of antosianienverbindings in die wyn nie. Tydens vloeistofchromatografie- massaspektrometrie analiese was die pieke ontleed, maar die aangeduide pieke het nie by enige van die bekende wynfenole gepas het nie. 'n Sensoriese ontleding was op pienk wyne gedoen, wat nuwe werk was en nog nooit tevore gedoen is nie. Die anekdotiese bewyse toon dat pienk wyn nie die aroma en smaak beïnvloed nie. Dit is getoets deur 'n opgeleide proepaneel. Daar is gevind dat die opgeleide proepaneel nie 3die verskil tussen 'n pienkwyn en 'n kontrolewyn op smaak kon opspoor nie, maar dat sommige van die proeërs die pienkwyn op die aroma kon optel. Die opmerkings was dat hulle 'n bietjie oksidasie op die neus kon optel.Doctora

Taak en rol van die vrywillige jeugwerker in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk

Text in AfrikaansThe background for this study is a survey undertaken by a cluster of congregations in the Wonderboom area of Pretoria, which revealed that their youth ministries are becoming increasingly ineffective. This worldwide trend is related to the reality that traditional program-based approaches to youth ministry not longer reach modern young people. This study proposes that a choice be made for a relationship based youth ministry that focuses on the communication of faith through the building of relationships of trust between adult mentors and the youth. Churches and the youth would benefit from choosing a relationship-based youth ministry. A relational approach demands enough volunteer youth workers who are qualified to work with contemporary adolescents. The study therefore proposes guidelines for the recruitment, selection, training and utilisation of volunteer youth workers, as well as for the implementation of a relational youth ministry in the Dutch Reformed Church.Die agtergrond tot hierdie studie is 'n ondersoek van die Ring van Wonderboom wat bevind het dat gemeentes in die Ring se jeugbedieninge toenemend minder effeklief raak. Die wereldwye tendens hou daarmee verband dat kerke se tradisionele, programgerigte benaderings nie meer daarin slaag om die hedendaagse jeug le bereik nie. Die studie stel voor dal daar eerder gekies moet word vir 'n verhoudingsgerigte jeugbediening wal daarop ingestel is om geloof te kommunikeer deur diepgaande vertrouensverhoudings tussen die jeug en volwasse mentors daar le stel. Die keuse vir 'n verhoudingsgerigte jeugbediening hou besliste voordele vir die kerke en die jeug in. Die benadering vereis genoeg vrywillige jeugwerkers wat geskool en gemotiveerd is om met die hedendaagse jeug te werk. Die studie gee daarom riglyne vir die werwing, keuring, skoling en aanwending van vrywillige jeugwerkers, asook vir die implementering van 'n verhoudingsgerigte jeugbediening in die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk.Philosophy, Practical and Systematic TheologyM. Diac. (Jeugwerk

Sibling stories of parental mental distress

© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Family Therapy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Association for Family Therapy and Systemic Practice. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This paper reports on the results of a study exploring sibling stories of parental mental distress and the societal discourses that may have contributed to the adult siblings' sense‐making. Four sibling pairs were purposively recruited and interviewed, using a narrative inquiry approach. Two main plots were constructed through analysis of the participants' narratives: ‘The story of us’ and ‘We are who we are because of what happened’. Results highlighted that the identity construction of each sibling and the collective identities of the sibling pairs are influenced by the parental mental health context. The findings also suggest a change in the siblings' meaning‐making from childhood to adulthood. These findings are considered along with the implications for systemic practice and research.Peer reviewe