15 research outputs found

    Endothelio-Mesenchymal Interaction Controls runx1 Expression and Modulates the notch Pathway to Initiate Aortic Hematopoiesis

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    SummaryHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are produced by a small cohort of hemogenic endothelial cells (ECs) during development through the formation of intra-aortic hematopoietic cell (HC) clusters. The Runx1 transcription factor plays a key role in the EC-to-HC and -HSC transition. We show that Runx1 expression in hemogenic ECs and the subsequent initiation of HC formation are tightly controlled by the subaortic mesenchyme, although the mesenchyme is not a source of HCs. Runx1 and Notch signaling are involved in this process, with Notch signaling decreasing with time in HCs. Inhibiting Notch signaling readily increases HC production in mouse and chicken embryos. In the mouse, however, this increase is transient. Collectively, we show complementary roles of hemogenic ECs and mesenchymal compartments in triggering aortic hematopoiesis. The subaortic mesenchyme induces Runx1 expression in hemogenic-primed ECs and collaborates with Notch dynamics to control aortic hematopoiesis

    Cartographie de la voie mĂ©diĂ©e par les rĂ©cepteurs aux neurotrophines dans la rĂ©gion Aorte Gonade MĂ©sonĂ©phros chez l’embryon de souris

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    The first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge in the Aorta-Gonad-Mesonephros (AGM) region in the vertebrate embryo. This process takes place during a short developmental period, between days 10.5 and 12.5 in the mouse embryo. More specifically, HSCs arise from so-called hemogenic aortic endothelial cells in the ventral region of the dorsal aorta. In order to better characterize the hematopoietic microenvironment of the AGM, we explored the molecular signature of the tissues surrounding the dorsal aorta by combining approaches of laser microdissection, DNA chips and bioinformatics analyses. This study showed that the Ntrk2 and Ntrk3 genes, encoding two neurotrophin receptors (the TRKB and TRKC proteins), are preferentially expressed in the cells underlying the dorsal aorta. The main objective of my project is to comprehensively map the neurotrophin-mediated pathway in AGM using single-cell molecular biology, imaging and transcriptomic approaches. My results suggest that 1) TRKB and TRKC receptor expression is dynamic along the anteroposterior axis of the mouse embryo, 2) TRKB+ and TRKC+ populations exhibit phenotypic and molecular differences, and 3) the Expression of genes encoding neurotrophins (Bdnf, Ntf3 and Ntf5) is heterogeneous and associated with neural (Bdnf), mesenchymal (Bdnf, Ntf3 and Ntf5) and smooth muscle (Bdnf) cells. My results also support the existence of a population of neuro-mesenchymal cells in the subaortic region. Functional approaches are now being considered to study the functional role of the neurotrophin-mediated pathway in aortic hematopoiesis.Les premiĂšres cellules souches hĂ©matopoĂŻĂ©tiques (CSH) Ă©mergent dans la rĂ©gion Aorte-Gonades-MĂ©sonĂ©phros (AGM) chez l’embryon de vertĂ©brĂ©s. Ce processus se dĂ©roule au cours d’une courte pĂ©riode dĂ©veloppementale, entre les jours 10,5 et 12,5 chez l’embryon de souris. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, les CSH naissent Ă  partir de cellules endothĂ©liales aortiques dites hĂ©mogĂ©niques dans la rĂ©gion ventrale de l’aorte dorsale. Afin de mieux caractĂ©riser le microenvironnement hĂ©matopoĂŻĂ©tique de l’AGM, nous avons explorĂ© la signature molĂ©culaire des tissus entourant l’aorte dorsale en combinant des approches de microdissection laser, de puces Ă  ADN et d’analyses bioinformatiques. Cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© que les gĂšnes Ntrk2 et Ntrk3, codant deux rĂ©cepteurs aux neurotrophines (les protĂ©ines TRKB et TRKC), sont prĂ©fĂ©rentiellement exprimĂ©s dans les cellules sous-jacentes Ă  l’aorte dorsale. Mon projet a pour objectif principal de cartographier de façon approfondie la voie mĂ©diĂ©e par les neurotrophines dans l’AGM Ă  l’aide d’approches de biologie molĂ©culaire, d’imagerie et de transcriptomique Ă  l’échelle cellule unique. Mes rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que 1) l’expression des rĂ©cepteurs TRKB et TRKC est dynamique le long de l’axe antĂ©ro-postĂ©rieur de l’embryon de souris, 2) les populations TRKB+ et TRKC+ prĂ©sentent des diffĂ©rences phĂ©notypiques et molĂ©culaires et 3) l’expression des gĂšnes codant les neurotrophines (Bdnf, Ntf3 et Ntf5) est hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne et associĂ©e Ă  des cellules neurales (Bdnf), mĂ©senchymateuses (Bdnf, Ntf3 et Ntf5) et musculaires lisses (Bdnf). Mes rĂ©sultats renforcent Ă©galement l’existence d’une population de cellules neuro-mĂ©senchymateuses dans la rĂ©gion sous-aortique. Des approches fonctionnelles sont maintenant envisagĂ©es pour Ă©tudier le rĂŽle fonctionnel de la voie mĂ©diĂ©e par les neurotrophines dans l’hĂ©matopoĂŻĂšse aortique

    Dorso-ventral contributions in the formation of the embryonic aorta and the control of aortic hematopoiesis

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    International audienceThe embryonic dorsal aorta plays a pivotal role in the production of the first hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the founders of the adult hematopoietic system. HSC production is polarized by being restricted to the aortic floor where a specialized subset of endothelial cells (ECs) endowed with hemogenic properties undergo an endothelial-to-hematopoietic production resulting in the formation of the intra-aortic hematopoietic clusters. This production is tightly time- and space-controlled with the transcription factor Runx1 playing a key role in this process and the surrounding tissues controlling the aortic shape and fate. In this paper, we shall review (a) how hemogenic ECs differentiate from the mesoderm, (b) how the different aortic components assemble coordinately to establish the dorso-ventral polarity, and (c) how this results in the initiation of Runx1 expression in hemogenic ECs and the initiation of the hematopoietic program. These observations should elucidate the first steps in HSC commitment and help in developing techniques to manipulate adult HSCs

    Endoglin expression level discriminates long-term hematopoietic from short-term clonogenic progenitor cells in the aorta

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    International audienceCD105 is an auxiliary receptor for the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, highly expressed on proliferating endothelial cells and adult hematopoietic stem cells. Because CD105 mRNA expression was reported in the developing aortic region, we further characterized its expression profile in the aorta and examined the hematopoietic potential of CD105(+) cells. Aortic endothelial cells, intra-aortic hematopoietic cell clusters and the purified cell fraction enriched in progenitor/hematopoietic stem cell activity expressed CD105. Aortic hematopoietic short-term clonogenic progenitors were highly enriched in the CD105(intermediate) population whereas more immature long-term progenitors/hematopoietic stem cells are contained within the CD105(high) population. This places CD105 on the short list of molecules discriminating short-term versus long-term progenitors in the aorta. Furthermore, decreasing transforming growth factor beta signaling increases the number of clonogenic progenitors. This suggests that CD105 expression level defines a hierarchy among aortic hematopoietic cells allowing purification of clonogenic versus more immature hematopoietic progenitors, and that the transforming growth factor beta pathway plays a critical role in this process

    Traduire les philosophes

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    TRADUIRE LES PHILOSOPHES : le Centre d'Histoire des SystĂšmes de PensĂ©e Moderne qu'OIivier Bloch dirigea jusqu'en 1994 a choisi ce thĂšme pour les JournĂ©es d'Ă©tude dont on prĂ©sente ici les Actes. Ces journĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©es par un ComitĂ© scientifique auquel ont collaborĂ© Étienne Balibar, Olivier Bloch, Bernard Bourgeois, Didier Deleule, Jean Deprun, Jean-RenĂ© Ladmiral, Jacques Moutaux (responsable de l'organisation) et Ann Thomson. Quarante-deux communications ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sentĂ©es et discutĂ©es. Elles touchent une grande diversitĂ© de domaines linguistiques, de principes, d'Ɠuvres, de styles, de situations historiques, et donc aussi d'intĂ©rĂȘts, de problĂšmes et de positions philosophiques. Ces communications ont Ă©tĂ© regroupĂ©es sous quatre titres correspondant Ă  des orientations de recherche dont les exposĂ©s et les dĂ©bats ont montrĂ© l'importance : I. Le traducteur et l’acte de traduire II. SpĂ©cificitĂ© des langues et terminologie philosophique III. Traduire dans l’histoire : histoire des traductions et traduction de l’histoire IV. Philosophies du langage et traduction : philosophies de la traductio

    Annuaire 2004-2005

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