Helicity Transfer in Turbulent Models

Helicity transfer in a shell model of turbulence is investigated. We show that a Reynolds-independent helicity flux is present in the model when the large scale forcing breaks inversion symmetry. The equivalent in Shell Models of the ``2/15 law'', obtained from helicity conservation in Navier-Stokes eqs., is derived and tested. The odd part of helicity flux statistic is found to be dominated by a few very intense events. In a particular model, we calculate analytically leading and sub-leading contribution to the scaling of triple velocity correlation.Comment: 4 pages, LaTex, 2 figure

Helicity advection in Turbulent Models

Helicity transfer in a shell model of turbulence is investigated. In particular, we study the scaling behavior of helicity transfer in a dynamical model of turbulence lacking inversion symmetry. We present some phenomenological and numerical support to the idea that Helicity becomes -at scale small enough- a passively-advected quantity.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the conference: Disorder and Chaos, in honour of Giovanni Paladin, September 22-24, 1997, Rom

Individual, relational, and cultural correlates of U.S. Latino/a college students' prosocial behaviors

Prosocial behaviors, or actions intended to benefit others, are important social behaviors that people conduct towards others. These behaviors can be motivated by a host of variables, including individual-level characteristics, relational-level considerations, and culture-specific values. Socioemotive, sociocognitive, and cultural variables have all been studied as important correlates of prosocial behaviors. In addition, maternal and paternal support may play a role in the internalization of these moral motivations. The goal of this study was to test a series of models using both variable-centered and person-centered statistical approaches to investigate how individual-level characteristics, relational-level variables, and culture-specific values both interrelate and simultaneously affect prosocial behaviors. The study used questionnaire measures completed by 250 U.S. Latino/a college students (M age = 21.0 years; 62.0% women). Latent profile analysis and path analysis were used to examine relations among empathic concern, perspective taking, familism, maternal and paternal support, and prosocial behaviors. This research can lend support for culture-specific models of prosocial development that simultaneously account for individual-level, relational-level, and culture-specific characteristics.Includes bibliographical reference

Testing a U.S. Mexican cultural value transmission model of maternal socialization of youth civic responsibility values and prosocial behaviors

Youth are taught the values that their culture considers important through socialization and cultural values, such as civic responsibility, that can serve as a guide for future social behaviors. One set of social behaviors relevant to such values are prosocial behaviors, or actions intended to benefit others. However, there is little research on the cultural value-related parenting practices that link such values and prosocial behaviors, especially in U.S. Mexican heritage early adolescents. The goal of this project was to test a cultural value transmission model of prosocial behaviors using the traditional Mexican cultural value of civic responsibility. The mediating relations between this cultural value and prosocial behaviors were investigated. This study used questionnaire measures completed by 204 U.S. Mexican mothers and their children (M age = 10.9 years; 51% girls) from Arizona. Results from path analysis partially supported the cultural value transmission model for the civic responsibility value. Implications of research in this area include the central role of cultural values in theories of prosocial development and the inclusion of such values in developing more effective positive youth development programs and public policies that affect U.S. Mexican youth

On the Reconstruction of Cavities in a Nonlinear Model Arising from Cardiac Electrophysiology

In this paper, we deal with the problem of determining perfectly insulating regions (cavities) from one boundary measurement in a nonlinear elliptic equation arising from cardiac electrophysiology. Based on the results obtained in [9] we propose a new reconstruction algorithm based on Gamma-convergence. The relevance and applicability of this approach are then shown through several numerical experiments

FLARE: A Framework for the Finite Element Simulation of Electromagnetic Interference on Buried Metallic Pipelines

The functionality of buried metallic pipelines can be compromised by the electrical lines that share the same right-of-way. Given the considerable size of shared corridors, computer simulation is an important tool for performing risk assessment and mitigation design. In this work, we introduce an open-source computational framework for the analysis of electromagnetic interference on large earth-return structures. The developed framework is based on FLARE-an efficient finite element solver developed by the authors in MATLAB((R)). FLARE includes solvers for problems involving static electric and magnetic fields, and DC and time-harmonic AC currents. Quasi-magnetostatic transient problems can be studied through time-marching or-for linear problems-with an efficient inverse-Laplace approach. In this work, we succinctly describe the optimization of time-critical operations in FLARE, as well as the implementation of a transient solver with automatic time-stepping. We validate the numerical results obtained with FLARE via a comparison with the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics((R)). We then use the validated time-marching analysis results to test the accuracy and efficiency of three numerical inverse-Laplace algorithms. The test problem considered is the assessment of the inductive coupling between a 500 kV transmission line and a metallic pipeline buried in the soil

Hydrogeochemistry of Magra Valley (Italy) Aquifers: Geochemical Background of an Area Investigated for Seismic Precursors

AbstractWe present the results of a hydrogeochemical survey of 111 springs and wells from Magra Valley, a seismic area located in northern Tuscany, Italy. This survey was aimed at defining the geochemical background and the underground fluid circulation scheme of an area currently investigated for earthquake precursory phenomena, with the final goal of identifying a suitable location for installation of a continuous automatic monitoring station for the remote control of hydrogeochemical parameters. Six springs of the project were identified suitable for the purpose, and the Equi Na-Cl-type spring emerged as the best candidate for the installation of a monitoring station

Engaging men to transform inequitable gender attitudes and prevent intimate partner violence: a cluster randomised controlled trial in North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

IntroductionThe study objective was to understand the effectiveness of Engaging Men through Accountable Practice (EMAP), a group-based discussion series which sought to transform gender relations in communities, on intimate partner violence (IPV), gender inequitable attitudes and related outcomes.MethodsA two-armed, matched-pair, cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Adult men (n=1387) and their female partners (n=1220) participated in the study. The primary outcomes of the study were female report of past year physical and/or sexual IPV and men’s intention to commit violence. Secondary outcomes included men’s gender attitudes, women’s economic and emotional IPV, women’s perception of negative male behaviours and perceived quality of the relationship.ResultsMen in EMAP reported significant reductions in intention to commit violence (β=−0.76; SE=0.23; p&lt;0.01), decreased agreement with any reason that justifies wife beating (OR=0.59; SE=0.08; p&lt;0.01) and increased agreement with the ability of a woman to refuse sex for all reasons (OR=1.47; SE=0.24; p&lt;0.05), compared with men in the control group. We found no statistically significant differences in women’s experiences of IPV between treatment and control group at follow-up (physical or sexual IPV: adjusted OR=0.95; SE=0.14; p=0.71). However, female partners of men in EMAP reported significant improvements to the quality of relationship (β=0.28; p&lt;0.05) and significant reductions in negative male behaviour (β=−0.32; p&lt;0.01).ConclusionInterventions engaging men have the potential to change gender attitudes and behaviours in conflict-affected areas. However, while EMAP led to changes in gender attitudes and behaviours related to perpetration of IPV, the study showed no overall reduction of women’s experience of IPV. Further research is needed to understand how working with men may lead to long-term and meaningful changes in IPV and related gender equitable attitudes and behaviours in conflict areas.Trial registration numberNCT02765139.</jats:sec

Ipomoea marginisepala O'Donell

Villa La CaleraUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Earthquake-Related Signals in Central Italy Detected by Hydrogeochemical and Satellite Techniques

Central Apennines are one of the highest seismic risk regions in Italy. A number of energetic events ((Formula presented.) &gt; 5) struck the region during the period 2004–2017, killing several hundreds of people (e.g., 294 casualties associated with the August 24th, 2016, (Formula presented.) 6.0 event of Amatrice). These earthquakes impacted piezometric levels, springs discharges, and groundwater chemistry across a large area, even at distances of dozens of kilometers from the epicenters. Here we present a multidisciplinary dataset based on hydrogeochemical and satellite observations associated with the seismic events that occurred in Central Italy during the period 2004–2017, which combines information derived from the application of groundwater monitoring and satellite techniques. Groundwater monitoring techniques allowed for the detection of hydrogeochemical anomalies in spring and well waters (14 water sampling points in total, with 22 variations larger than (Formula presented.)), while satellite techniques were applied to detect time-space variations in ground thermal emissions. We detected two significant, almost synchronous, anomalies in 2009 and 2016–2017 with both techniques, and we tentatively correlated them to crustal deformation processes. Part of the observed signals were detected before mainshocks, and they appear to be related to aseismic slip or to seismic slip eventually induced by minor fluctuations in seismicity. We argue that the combination of two factors, i.e., the shallow depth of local earthquakes and the concurrent deepening of groundwater circulation paths to several km depth, allow for the recording of variations in the stress field by geofluids released at the surface