Regional Intravenous Anaesthesia (Bier's block) in Black-headed Vulture (Coragyps atratus) Submitted to Digit Amputation

Background: The Coragyps atratus flies long distances in search of food and has a marked behaviour of food competition. Since they are frequently found in areas of recent human occupation, they are subject to trauma, which may require surgical interventions. Locoregional blocks are used as part of a balanced-anaesthesia protocol and are currently being evaluated in birds, with brachial plexus block being the main technique described in the literature. However, to our knowledge, this is the first description of intravenous regional anaesthesia (Bier's block) in a vulture. Thus, we aim to report the use of Bier's block with 1% lidocaine, in a black-headed vulture submitted to digit amputation. Case: A black-headed vulture (Coragyps atratus), weighing 2 kg, was rescued and referred to the Veterinary Hospital due to its inability to fly. Physical examination revealed a swollen digit in the right pelvic limb. Radiographic examination confirmed the intermediate phalanx fracture of the 4th digit of the right pelvic limb with signs suggestive of advanced osteomyelitis. The animal was referred to surgery for amputation of the affected digit. Before surgery, water and food were withdrawn for 12 h. Pre-anaesthetic medication consisted of 1 mg/kg midazolam and 0.5 mg/kg morphine intramuscularly (IM). Anaesthetic induction was performed through face mask with isoflurane, followed by orotracheal intubation with a 3 mm-endotracheal tube. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane through a non-rebreathing circuit in 100% oxygen. Using a multiparametric monitor, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), electrocardiography (ECG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and core temperature (CT) were evaluated. Antisepsis of the right pelvic limb was performed and an elastic band was applied around the distal region of the affected tibia to serve as a tourniquet. A scalp vein set was used to access the lateral saphenous vein in the region distal to the tourniquet, and 5 mg/kg lidocaine 1% was injected intravenously. The patient remained stable during the procedure, with no need for analgesic rescue. The tourniquet was gradually released 40 min past its application, being completely removed after 45 min of surgery. The anaesthetic supply was interrupted, with extubation after 4 min; the patient had satisfactory anaesthetic recovery. Discussion: The present report describes the success in using the technique of intravenous regional anaesthesia with 1% lidocaine for digit amputation performed on a specimen of black-headed vulture. The pre-anaesthetic medication provided analgesia, satisfactory sedation for venoclysis, and anaesthetic induction without complications. Anaesthetic induction and maintenance in birds are preferably performed with inhaled anaesthetics, thus the choice of mask induction. Despite the reduction in RR soon after induction, the patient remained on spontaneous ventilation. Bier's block using 5 mg/kg lidocaine showed to be an easy and safe technique in vultures, but doses up to 6 mg/kg lidocaine are not associated with adverse effects in birds. The intravenous regional anaesthesia technique described in this manuscript promoted adequate analgesia for the digit amputation procedure in black-headed vultures and allowed hemodynamic stability without significant anaesthetic complications. Thus, the present report points to the potential use of this locoregional block in other birds. Keywords: locorregional block, lidocaine, anaesthesia. Título: Anestesia regional intravenosa (bloqueio bier) em urubu-de-cabeça-preta (Coragyps atratus) submetido à amputação de dígito. Descritores: bloqueio locorregional, lidocaína, anestesia. 

Nefrectomia total unilateral em cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous)

Background: The loss of natural habitats associated with the development of humanity resulted in the need for longer trips and greater interaction with highways by some animal species. Vehicle collision with animals is one of the main factors of pressure over wild animal populations in Brazil; veterinary surgery can play an important role for the recovery of these patients. The lesions commonly seen in animals hit by vehicles may comprise skin lesions, central nervous system injuries, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal complications, among which renal lesions are included. The aim of this work is to report the use of a total nephrectomy technique in a crab-eating fox.Case: A female, adult, 5-kg crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus, 1766) was received for emergency care at the Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Paraná at Palotina. The patient had been struck by a vehicle at a local highway, was unconscious, and exhibited signs of blood loss such as hypothermia, hypotension, and pale mucous membranes. As the clinical evaluation was performed, the patient was stabilized with pain management, correction of hypovolemia and hypothermia, and oxygen therapy. Blood samples were taken in case of the need for preoperative tests. Subsequently, the animal was submitted to the diagnostic imaging section to investigate possible injuries. No chemical restraint was necessary for the procedures. Radiography examination revealed loss of intra-abdominal contrast, which was confirmed to be free fluid on ultrasound examination. Immediately after imaging examination, the animal was taken to the surgical room for exploratory laparotomy. The surgical incision, which was performed over the linea alba, extended from the xiphoid process to the pubis. During surgery, free fluid was confirmed to be diffuse bloody fluid, which was observed in the abdomen; there was absence of lesions in all organs except the right kidney, which revealed clots and lacerations to the capsule, cortex, and medulla, resulting in poor viability of the organ. The condition required removal of the organ, which was performed with the conventional technique described for domestic animals. During the nephrectomy surgical procedure, the patient exhibited severe hypotension with the need of compensatory measures such as intravenous administration of crystalloid and colloid solutions, and vasoactive drugs, which were maintained during the period of surgery. Postoperative care included administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs for three days, and antibiotics for seven days. Hematological and renal profiles as well as ultrasound examinations were used for monitoring of clinical evolution. The patient was kept in isolation to avoid behavioral stress during hospital stay.Discussion: In this case, the importance of ultrasound diagnosis and viability of the nephrectomy technique were established for the specimen, which was returned to its natural habitat eighteen days after the vehicle collision, after authorization from the local environmental agency. Immediate care of a wild animal that suffers trauma is an important factor to increase success rate for recovery of fauna threatened by vehicle collisions. Early diagnosis associated with the employment of surgical techniques commonly used for domestic animals allow wild-animal clinicians and surgeons to improve viability of threatened populations

Pneumotórax fechado em tamanduá mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla)

Background: Pneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural space, either due to trauma or secondary to other conditions. Typically, pneumothorax is correlated with blunt trauma of the pulmonary parenchyma or penetrating trauma of the thoracic cavity, such as on being trampled upon or bitten, respectively. The therapeutic approach of this condition is rarely described in wild animals; therefore, the present study aims to describe the clinical manifestations, diagnostic method, and therapeutic aproach in a specimen of Tamandua tetradactyla with closed pneumothorax received for emergency care after being hit by a vehicle.Case: A southern tamandua (T. tetradactyla) was received in our hospital after being hit by a vehicle. The patient presented with a state of stupor, nystagmus, a restrictive respiratory pattern, and muffling on auscultation of respiratory and cardiac sounds in the left antimer. Simultaneously with the physical examination, venous access was established, pain control was intravenously performed and oxygen therapy was started. After stabilization, the patient underwent abdominal ultrasound (abdominal-focused assessment with sonography for trauma) and thoracic radiographs. The abdominal ultrasound confirmed the presence of a small amount of free fluid in the evaluated recesses, i.e., hepatodiaphragmatic, splenorenal, cystocholic, and hepatorenal, suggesting the need for periodic ultrasonographic monitoring associated with the clinical evaluation of the patient because of suspicion of active hemorrhage. The thoracic radiographic image (ventrodorsal recumbency) revealed increased pulmonary opacity due to lobar retraction, marked by an enlarged gap between the pulmonary lobes and thoracic wall, and the formation of a radiolucent area between both structures. The lateral recumbency evidenced the dorsal displacement of the cardiac apex in relation to the sternum. In addition to the thoracic alterations, a transverse fracture in the middle third of the diaphysis of the left fibula was identified by radiographic examination. After extensive hair clipping and skin antisepsis of the left hemithorax, thoracentesis (an adapted technique from that used in domestic animals) was performed with access via the 8th intercostal space in its most dorsal presentation using a 21-gauge Butterfly needle attached to a three-way medical valve and 20-mL syringe. The procedure allowed 100 mL air to be drained until the negative pressure of the cavity was restored. At the end of the drainage, the patient showed a remarkable improvement in the respiratory pattern, and follow control radiographs showed full pulmonary expansion and no recurrence. The possibility of active abdominal hemorrhage was disregarded because ultrasound monitoring after 6 h revealed no change in the amount of free fluid in the suppressed recess.Discussion: Pneumothorax is an important condition that can be detected in injured domestic and wild animals that are run over. The association between a detailed clinical evaluation and radiographic examination was essential for the diagnosis and initiation of the appropriate therapy, contributing to the prognosis of the patient. The adaptation of the thoracocentesis technique used in domestic animals proved to be suitable for the treatment of this Tamandua tetradactyla

Gastrointestinal Syndrome in a Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Background: The term “rabbit gastrointestinal syndrome” (RGIS) refers to a decrease in peristaltic movements, which in some cases can progress to absolute inactivity of the digestive apparatus. This condition is mostly secondary to others that promote changes in gastrointestinal motility, such as dehydration, fiber deficiency, excess carbohydrates in diets, stress, and acute or chronic painful processes. Clinical manifestations are mostly nonspecific. Thus, a case of RGIS resulting from environmental change in a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is reported.Case: A 4-month-old male domestic rabbit weighing 0.962 kg was referred to a university veterinary hospital. The patient had a history of absence of defecation and anorexia for the past two days. The owner reported that the patient was apathetic but became aggressive when manipulated. The changes started after a move of residence. On physical evaluation, an increase in abdominal volume and a painful response to touch on the abdomen were observed. Complementary examinations were performed, such as a blood count and an ultrasound study. The blood tests showed no alterations, but the ultrasound evaluation showed the presence of free abdominal fluid, dilated intestinal loops due to fluid content, reduced gastrointestinal motility, and a hyperechoic structure associated with acoustic shading in the small intestine, all findings suggestive of obstruction. Given the failure of clinical management, the patient was referred for an exploratory laparotomy procedure followed by enterotomy. The obstruction point was located near the ileocecal junction. After surgery, analgesics, antibiotics, fluid therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, intestinal motility inducers, and probiotics were prescribed. One week after the surgical procedure, the patient showed improvement in the clinical condition, with normal appetite, defecation, and docility.Discussion: RGIS is diagnosed based on the clinical history, clinical manifestations, and complementary examinations. In the reported case, the patient presented apathy, anorexia, absence of defecation, and aggressiveness on manipulation, which were associated with abdominal pain. In cases of RGIS, hematological changes may or may not be present, which matches the findings in this report. Imaging exams provide important information, such as the patient’s condition and evolution. Ultrasound evaluation showed the presence of free abdominal fluid, dilated intestinal loops due to fluid content, reduced gastrointestinal motility, and a hyperechoic, immobile acoustic shading structure in the small intestine. Ultrasound findings were compatible with those found in cases of foreign-body obstructions, a common complication in RGIS. Initially, a clinical approach was taken, but in view of the unfavorable evolution of the case, with worsening motility and alterations in the imaging examination, a surgical approach was instituted. Intestinal obstructions in rabbits are usually found either in the proximal duodenum or near the ileocecal junction. In the presently reported patient, an obstruction was identified in the ileocecal junction region and the content found was composed of hair and dehydrated food. There are several conditions that can alter intestinal peristalsis in rabbits; in the present case, it was considered that the distress caused by moving to a new household led to a condition of RGIS. Despite the reserved prognosis associated with surgical interventions in the gastrointestinal system of rabbits, as described in the literature, in the present case this approach made it possible to preserve the patient’s life, which returned to its normal activities and behavior

General Anesthesia in Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoides carbonaria) for Gastric Foreign Body Removal

Background: The anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological characteristics of reptiles make anesthesia in chelonians particularly challenging. Specific literature regarding safe anesthetic protocols that provide immobilization, antinociception, amnesia, and unconsciousness are scarce. Thus, this paper aims to report the case of a red-footed tortoise submitted to long-duration general anesthesia to celiotomy for foreign body removal.  Case: An adult red-footed tortoise (Chelonoides carbonaria), 5.9 kg, was admitted due to hyporexia after ingesting a metallic fishhook. Serial radiographs confirmed the diagnosis and location of the foreign body in the stomach. The animal was premedicated with 0.03 mg/kg dexmedetomidine, 6 mg/kg ketamine, and 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol intramuscularly. After 90 min we inserted a 22G jugular catheter and proceeded to anesthesia induction with 5 mg/kg propofol. We intubated the animal with a 2.5 mm uncuffed endotracheal and started fluid therapy at a rate of 5 mL/kg/h. Surgical anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in 0.21 oxygen, in a non-rebreathing circuit (baraka), under spontaneous breathing. Expired isoflurane was maintained between 3 and 4.5%. Due to reduced respiratory rate and hypercapnia, we opted for implementing manually-assisted positive pressure ventilation. Morphine (0.5 mg/kg) was administered at 10 and 87 min after the beginning of the surgery for further analgesia when the isoflurane requirement increased significantly. We did not detect any alterations in heart and body temperature. Surgical anesthesia lasted 6 h. During anesthesia recovery, voluntary head retraction and coordinated movement of the limbs occurred at 240 and 540 min after the extubation, respectively. In 2 days, the patient returned to voluntary feeding, being very active and responsive to stimulus. The post-surgical hematologic evaluation was unremarkable. Discussion: Pre-anesthetic medication aimed to promote sedation and preemptive analgesia. Due to its minimal cardiorespiratory depression, we chose the combination of ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and butorphanol. Dexmedetomidine reduced the ketamine dose and caused sufficient muscle relaxation and immobilization to perform the jugular catheter placement. Butorphanol is an agonist-antagonist opioid; that is why we decided to add it to the protocol for antinociception. However, due to signs of nociceptive response (increased isoflurane requirements and heart rate), and considering the evidence of a predominance of μ receptors in reptiles, we administered low-dose morphine twice during the procedure. Propofol was chosen as an induction agent at a dose sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation. Since reptilians often show apnea in the presence of 100% oxygen, we used a 0.21 oxygen fraction. Despite this, the patient showed respiratory depression. Due to right to left cardiac shunt, sudden changes in the direction of the blood can lead to very rapid changes in the serum concentrations of isoflurane, which leads to frequent oscillations in the anesthetic depth and consequently the need for vaporizer adjustments, which may justify the high expired isoflurane fraction during the procedure. Despite that, physiological parameters were maintained within normal ranges for the species, with slight variations during the surgical procedure. We conclude that the proposed anesthetic protocol is safe for long-duration anesthesia in chelonians, ensuring cardiovascular and respiratory stability. Thus, this report may help veterinarians to perform safe anesthesia in tortoises submitted to invasive surgical procedures.  Keywords: testudines, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, butorphanol. Descritores: testudines, dexmedetomidina, cetamina, butorfanol

Correction of a Complication of the Use of a Nasoesophageal Feeding Tube in a Southern Tiger Cat (Leopardus guttulus)

Background: The southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus) is a vulnerable wild felid whose occurrence is restricted to the Atlantic Forest biome of Brazilian South and Southwest regions. Various strategies must be used to improve the conservation of species of felids, including preservation of forests and greater therapeutic support for animals in poor health condition. Enteral nutrition through a nasoesophageal tube is an option for patients in poor or critical condition; however, this procedure carries the risk of accidental ingestion of the tube. The objective of this work is to describe a conservative approach for the management of ingestion of a linear foreign body in a Leopardus guttulus patient.Case: A young female southern tiger cat was taken for veterinary treatment. The patient had an estimated age of nine weeks, 0.846 kg of body weight, and exhibited cachexia, hypothermia, severe dehydration, and apathy. During the examination, blood samples were taken, and initial treatment commenced with fluid therapy, antibiotic therapy, and anti-inflammatory therapy along with administration of analgesics and a gastric protector. Since the patient did not want to eat, it received a nasoesophageal feeding tube under mild sedation. The patient was positioned in sternal recumbency, its head was tilted up, and a no. 6 nasoesophageal tube was ventromedially inserted through the right nostril. The tube was later confirmed to be correctly positioned at the ninth intercostal space by a radiographic study. The feeding tube allowed administration of drugs and microenteral nutrition with a hypercaloric diet; this minimized handling of the patient, which preserved its wild behavior. After the seventh day of treatment, a piece of the tube was found lying at the bottom of the cage. Since ingestion of the remainder of the tube by the patient was suspected, it was taken to the diagnostic imaging division. At the ultrasonographic exam, the stomach exhibited hypermotility and was filled with a moderate amount of mucous content. The stomach wall was thin, and its stratified structure was preserved. Ultrasound imaging did not reveal any alterations suggestive of obstruction or inflammation such as free liquid, thickened wall, or loss of the stratified structure of the layers of the stomach. A hyperechoic tubular structure compatible with the feeding tube used was detected in the fundus of the stomach. After verification of the presence of the tube-derived material in the digestive system, the medical team opted for a conservative therapy consisting of administration of fibers, to increase intestinal motility. The patient was followed up daily by means of imaging exams. The patient did not exhibit signs of intestinal obstruction during the follow-up period. Two days after commencement of the conservative therapy, the remnant of the feeding tube that had been ingested by the patient was expelled along with the feces.Discussion: In spite of the accidental ingestion of the feeding tube by the patient, the use of this device was effective to provide nutritional and pharmacological support to the Leopardus guttulus cub, leading to its recovery. Managing malnutrition is fundamental for the recovery of any patient. Inappetence is alarming especially in felines, which quickly develop hepatic lipidosis during extended periods of anorexia. The conservative approach used, with the aid of serial imaging exams, was enough to treat ingestion of the linear foreign body by the patient

DETECÇÃO HISTOPATOLÓGICA DE CISTOS DE Sarcocystis spp. EM MUSCULATURA DE UM QUATI (Nasua nasua) – RELATO DE CASO

Sarcocystis spp. são protozoários do filo Apicomplexa que podem infectar diversas espécies, incluindo o homem, e dependendo da espécie do parasito em questão, os seres humanos podem atuar tanto como hospedeiros intermediários quanto definitivos. Quanto aos hospedeiros intermediários, os silvestres também se destacam, como primatas e mamíferos herbívoros, sendo que estes apresentam cistos do protozoário em sua musculatura. Carnívoros e onívoros atuam como hospedeiros definitivos e contaminam-se ingerindo os cistos presentes na musculatura de animais infectados (FAYER; ESPOSITO; DUBEY, 2015). Além disso, a espécie S. neurona possui grande importância na equideocultura, visto que estes animais podem desenvolver uma neuropatia conhecida como mieloencefalite protozoária equina, sendo o Gambá-de-orelha-branca (Didelphis albiventris) o principal hospedeiro definitivo desta espécie e a fonte de infecção para estes animais na América do Sul (ESTEVAM, 2017). O Quati-de-cauda-anelada (Nasua nasua), devido a sua proximidade com os gambás, podem se contaminar ingerindo os oocistos presentes nas fezes dos marsupiais, podendo atuar como hospedeiros intermediários da doença. Diante disso, relata-se um caso de Sarcocystis spp. em Quati-de-cauda-anelada diagnosticado no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal do Paraná – Setor Palotina. Um quati, fêmea, foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UFPR, Setor Palotina, com histórico de atropelamento e veio a óbito, sendo encaminhado ao LPV para exame necroscópico. Na macroscopia, observou-se áreas multifocais de moderada hemorragia em musculatura de membro pélvico esquerdo possivelmente decorrentes do trauma. Na microscopia, observou-se moderada quantidade de estruturas parasitárias císticas de tamanhos variáveis, com uma cápsula eosinofílica contendo inúmeros esporozoítos, sendo compatíveis com cistos de Sarcocystis spp. Próximo aos cistos parasitários, notou-se moderado aumento da eosinofilia sarcoplasmática e perda das estriações (degeneração). Por se tratar de uma enfermidade que pode acometer os seres humanos, a detecção do agente nos animais silvestres e sinantrópicos pode ser levada em consideração para a implementação de medidas sanitárias e de educação preventivas, visto que este agente pode ser transmitido de maneira indireta pelo consumo de água e alimentos contaminados com oocistos, bem como a ingestão de carnes (principalmente de caça) com a presença de cistos na musculatura. Além disso, a doença possui importância econômica, principalmente na criação de equinos, onde a mesmo pode levar à morte dos animais. Diante disso, pode-se concluir que a histopatologia foi de suma importância para a detecção do protozoário, e a presença do agente pode indicar uma contaminação do ambiente

PNEUMONIA FÚNGICA POR Candida albicans EM CORUJA-SUINDARA (Tyto furcata) – RELATO DE CASO

Os fungos são importantes agentes etiológicos de afecções em aves, apresentando diversas formas clínicas. A inalação dos esporos liberados na reprodução fúngica é a principal forma de infecção, seguida da ingestão de alimentos contaminados (FRAGA, 2014). Dentre todas as espécies, algumas são mais patogênicas e apresentam uma maior casuística, como por exemplo a Candida albicans, responsável por causar principalmente problemas digestórios. A C. albicans é uma levedura comensal na microbiota das aves, porém as mesmas podem se tornar patogênicas em casos de imunossupressão ou desequilíbrio na microbiota saprófita. Os principais fatores que levam a esse desequilíbrio são o estresse, manejo inadequado do cativeiro, antibioticoterapia e corticoterapia prolongadas, desnutrição, alta densidade populacional, doenças pré-existentes, alterações climáticas e característica do próprio patógeno. Identificar a virulência do fungo é de suma importância para o prognóstico, observado pela formação de filamentos e a produção das enzimas proteinases e fosfolipases (LOURENÇO, 2014). Essas enzimas causam formação de poros na membrana celular, tornando-as mais susceptíveis a invasão e prejudicando as funções normais das células. Os sinais clínicos variam de acordo com o local afetado, podendo ser observadas disfunções no trato gastrointestinal, levando à regurgitação, diarreia, dilatação do proventrículo associados à processos inflamatórios, é possível observar também conjuntivite, além de alterações no sistema respiratório, desde as narinas, seguindo pela traqueia e atingindo os pulmões e sacos aéreos. O presente trabalho possui como objetivo relatar um caso de pneumonia micótica causada pela infecção de C. albicans em um exemplar de Coruja-suindara (Tyto furcata), encaminhada para necropsia no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) – Setor Palotina. Uma coruja, fêmea, adulta pesando 298 gramas, foi encaminhada pelo Instituto Ambiental do Paraná (IAP) de Toledo para o Hospital Veterinário – UFPR Setor Palotina para avaliação na Clínica Médica e Cirúrgica de Animais Silvestres, onde constatou-se fratura exposta do membro torácico direito. Realizou-se tratamento de suporte e amputação do membro afetado e no dia seguinte, o animal apresentou discreto ruído respiratório com sinais de dispneia, indo a óbito em poucas horas. No exame macroscópico, observou-se bom escore corporal, mucosas levemente pálidas, o fígado apresentava manchas amareladas multifocais moderadas e não foram visualizadas alterações pulmonares. Entretanto, na avaliação histológica, observou-se uma pneumonia intersticial linfohistioplasmocitária difusa acentuada, além de áreas focalmente extensas de necrose e no lúmen de múltiplos capilares aéreos, notou-se acentuada quantidade de estruturas leveduriformes multifocais acentuadas, compatíveis com Candida albicans. Realizou-se a coloração de Ácido Periódico de Schiff, específica para fungos, onde obteve-se resultado positivo para as estruturas. Diante dos achados microscópicos, o diagnóstico corrobora com o quadro de pneumonia causada pela C. albicans. Ressalta-se a importância da avaliação necroscópica e histopatológica, além do uso de colorações especiais para correto diagnóstico de afecções respiratórias em aves silvestres

PNEUMONIA FUNGICA POR Aspergillus spp EM CORUJA-SUINDARA -Tyto furcata - RELATO DE CASO

A aspergilose é a principal enfermidade fúngica da clínica de aves. A forma respiratória é a de maior ocorrência, acometendo principalmente pulmões e sacos aéreos. Fungos do gênero Aspergillus spp. são encontrados normalmente na matéria orgânica em decomposição e as infecções por estes agentes geralmente se dão pela inalação dos conídeos fúngicos. Apesar de uma grande variedade de espécies animais serem acometidas pela aspergilose, as aves apresentam uma alta susceptibilidade para seu desenvolvimento, sendo mais provavelmente devido a suas particularidades anatômicas, como a ausência de diafragma, que em mamíferos atua ativamente na atividade de expulsão de partículas nas vias aéreas, além da ausência de epiglote como barreira física na aspiração de patógenos. As aves apresentam também sacos aéreos, compostos de uma fina camada de tecido conjuntivo com baixa vascularização e consequente baixo número de células inflamatórias, e a sua estrutura permite a formação de um ambiente quente e oxigenado, altamente favorável para manutenção tanto da forma vegetativa quanto esporulada de fungos do gênero Aspergillus spp. (TELL et al., 2019). O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica por Aspergillus spp em uma coruja- suindara (Tyto furcata) diagnosticado pelo Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor Palotina. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da UFPR, Setor Palotina um macho adulto de Coruja-suindara, 210 gramas, o paciente apresentava apatia e fratura exposta em região de rádio e ulna esquerdos. Realizou-se a amputação do membro, mas após três dias de internação apresentou dispneia e evoluiu para óbito. Na avaliação macroscópica o paciente apresentava mucosas oculares acentuadamente pálidas, escore corporal baixo com evidenciação moderada de quilha e a ferida cirúrgica apresentava coloração enegrecida. A região cervical apresentava lesão com crostas superficiais que após o rebatimento da pele evidenciaram ruptura de pele e esôfago com acumulo de conteúdo alimentar de odor fétido. O fígado apresentava-se levemente pálido e vesícula biliar acentuadamente distendida e repleta. A avaliação histopatológica evidenciou em tecido pulmonar uma pneumonia granulomatosa multifocal a coalescente acentuada, com estruturas fúngicas intralesionais compatíveis com Aspergillus spp. A causa mortis do animal foi compatível com choque cardiogênico e/ou choque séptico, pela pneumonia acentuada observada e ruptura esofagica. A aspergilose pulmonar em aves são comumente observadas em aves silvestres, principalmente associadas a fatores como estresse, desnutrição e traumas que aumentam a susceptibilidade de desenvolvimento da patologia. O presente relato ressalta a necessidade da realização de exames necroscópicos e avaliação histopatológica de aves silvestres, a fim de se estabelecer a relevância da aspergilose na ornitopatologia