Angiogênese Pulpar: Biologia, Importância e Aplicações Terapêuticas – Uma Revisão de Literatura

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.A angiogênese é caracterizada como o processo de formação de novos vasos sanguíneos a partir de vasos pré-existentes, tanto no período embrionário como durante a vida adulta, caracterizando-se como marcadora de vitalidade devido à essencialidade da circulação sanguínea para os órgãos e tecidos, na obtenção de oxigênio, nutrientes, transporte de metabólitos, migração de células para diferentes áreas do corpo, entre muitas outras ações em que a vascularização se faz presente direta ou indiretamente. A manutenção da circulação sanguínea em um tecido lesado é primordial para que o processo de reparo aconteça, seja naturalmente através da cicatrização, ou através de abordagens regenerativas da Engenharia de Tecidos, que buscam restabelecer a funcionalidade do tecido através da inserção de uma construção tecidual. O grande desafio que a área da regeneração tecidual enfrenta é a vascularização inicial dos tecidos recém-implantados até o momento da incorporação da vasculatura do hospedeiro, garantindo o sucesso da integração tecidual. A partir desse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura através da análise de pesquisas nas diferentes áreas de atuação da Engenharia de Tecidos que investigaram possíveis abordagens de vascularização dos tecidos fabricados in vitro, por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos recentes, bem como de livros e artigos clássicos relacionados ao tema. Os artigos selecionados foram pesquisados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo, bem como em outras ferramentas de busca, como o Google Acadêmico. No campo da odontologia, as abordagens de regeneração do tecido pulpar apresentam-se como uma alternativa ao tratamento endodôntico convencional. A polpa dental é um tecido altamente vascularizado e com complexa organização histológica, sendo a manutenção da vascularização pulpar, quando no tecido não sadio, de vital necessidade para iniciação da regeneração do tecido pulpar e consequente restituição das ações biológicas e da funcionalidade do órgão dental. A regeneração do tecido pulpar em toda extensão do canal radicular em dentes maduros encontra-se ainda na fase experimental, visto que existem obstáculos a serem superados para tornar o uso clínico possível, a exemplo da vascularização. Os avanços nas estratégias regenerativas do tecido pulpar em dentes maduros reduzem cada vez mais o futuro definido pela possível aplicabilidade clínica.Angiogenesis is characterized as the process to form new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, both in the embryonic period and during adulthood, being characterized as a vitality marker due to the essentiality of blood circulation to organs and tissues, in obtaining oxygen, nutrients, metabolic transportation, migration of cells to different areas of the body among many other actions in which vascularization is directly or indirectly present. The maintenance of blood circulation in an injured tissue is primordial for the healing process, being naturally through wound healing or even through regenerative approaches as Tissue Engineering that seek to restore tissue functionality by inserting a tissue construct. The major challenge that a tissue regeneration approach faces is the initial vascularization of newly implanted tissues until the anastomosis with the host vasculature, ensuring the success of tissue integration. From this context, the present study aimed to perform a literature review through the analysis of the researches in the different areas of appliance of Tissue Engineering that investigate possible approaches of tissue vascularization manufactured in vitro, through a bibliographic survey of recent articles, as well as books and classic manuscripts related to the theme. The selected articles were searched in the Pubmed, Scopus, Scielo databases, as well as in other search tools, such as Google Scholar. In Dentistry, dental pulp regeneration approaches are an alternative to conventional root canal treatment. Dental pulp is a highly vascularized tissue with complex histological organization, being the maintenance of pulp vascularization, in an unhealthy tissue, of vitally necessity to begin the regeneration of the dental pulp and, consequently, restore its biological role and functionality of the dental organ. The regeneration of the pulp tissue throughout the root canal of mature teeth is still in an experimental stage, since there are obstacles to overcome to make its clinical application possible, such as vascularization. Advances in pulp tissue regenerative strategies in mature teeth increasingly reduce the future defined by possible clinical applicability

Transformation of normal human cells in the absence of telomerase activation

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Low-dose radiotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) given in 2 x 2 Gy is a highly effective and safe treatment for palliation of indolent lymphomas. Otherwise, very little regarding the use of LDRT for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been investigated. We designed a phase 2 trial of LDRT in patients with DLBCL with indication for palliative radiation. Low-dose radiotherapy was administered on symptomatic areas only. Clinical response was assessed 21 days after LDRT and defined as reduction >50% of maximum diameter of the radiated lesions. Quality of life was scored by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Tumor subtype (germinal center B-cell type versus activated B-cell type) and the presence of TP53 mutations in pathologic specimens of the target lesion were also evaluated. Twenty-three of twentyfive radiated patients were evaluable for response. and 2 died of disease before the visit at 21 days. The overall response rate was 70% (16 of 23 patients), with 7 complete responses and 9 partial responses (mean duration of response. 6 months; range, 1-39 months). Fifteen patients answered to the QLQ-C30 questionnaires, and an improved quality of life was documented in 9 cases. TP53 mutations were detected in 2 of 6 (33%) nonresponders and in none of the responders (P = .12). Germinal center B-cell type responded better than activated B-cell type (response rate was 83% and 29%, respectively, P = .01). These findings indicate that LDRT is effective for palliation in patients with DLBC

Trajectories of Big Five Personality Traits: A Coordinated Analysis of 16 Longitudinal Samples

This study assessed change in self‐reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi‐level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non‐linear models suggested late‐life increases in neuroticism. Meta‐analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. © 2020 European Association of Personality PsychologyPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156004/1/per2259.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156004/2/per2259-sup-0001-Data_S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156004/3/per2259-sup-0002-Open_Practices_Disclosure_Form.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156004/4/per2259_am.pd

Is healthy neuroticism associated with health behaviors? A coordinated integrative data analysis

Current literature suggests that neuroticism is positively associated with maladaptive life choices, likelihood of disease, and mortality. However, recent research has identified circumstances under which neuroticism is associated with positive outcomes. The current project examined whether “healthy neuroticism”, defined as the interaction of neuroticism and conscientiousness, was associated with the following health behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. Using a pre-registered multi-study coordinated integrative data analysis (IDA) approach, we investigated whether “healthy neuroticism” predicted the odds of engaging in each of the aforementioned activities. Each study estimated identical models, using the same covariates and data transformations, enabling optimal comparability of results. These results were then meta-analyzed in order to estimate an average (N-weighted) effect and to ascertain the extent of heterogeneity in the effects. Overall, these results suggest that neuroticism alone was not related to health behaviors, while individuals higher in conscientiousness were less likely to be smokers or drinkers, and more likely to engage in physical activity. In terms of the healthy neuroticism interaction of neuroticism and conscientiousness, significant interactions for smoking and physical activity suggest that the association between neuroticism and health behaviors was smaller among those high in conscientiousness. These findings lend credence to the idea that healthy neuroticism may be linked to certain health behaviors and that these effects are generalizable across several heterogeneous samples

Is healthy neuroticism associated with longevity? A coordinated integrative data analysis

Early investigations of the neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction with regards to health have been promising, but to date, there have been no systematic investigations of this interaction that account for the various personality measurement instruments, varying populations, or aspects of health. The current study - the second of three - uses a coordinated analysis approach to test the impact of the neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction on the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions. Using 15 pre-existing longitudinal studies (N > 49,375), we found that conscientiousness did not moderate the relationship between neuroticism and having hypertension (OR = 1.00,95%CI[0.98,1.02]), diabetes (OR = 1.02[0.99,1.04]), or heart disease (OR = 0.99[0.97,1.01]). Similarly, we found that conscientiousness did not moderate the prospective relationship between neuroticism and onset of hypertension (OR = 0.98,[0.95,1.01]), diabetes (OR = 0.99[0.94,1.05]), or heart disease (OR = 0.98[0.94,1.03]). Heterogeneity of effect sizes was largely nonsignificant, with one exception, indicating that the effects are consistent between datasets. Overall, we conclude that there is no evidence that healthy neuroticism, operationalized as the conscientiousness by neuroticism interaction, buffers against chronic conditions

Reliability and Design Issues of Bonded Anchors Installed Using Different Techniques

Bonded anchors are typically installed using injection systems, where products are injected into pre-drilled holes using proprietary mixing systems supplied by manufacturers, or using products that need to be pre-mixed by hand (or with the aid of a mixing tool). In this latter situation, pouring the resulting mix into the pre-drilled holes or thrusting it through the holes is the only option. Within this context, an overview is presented on the influence that different installation techniques have on the performance of three mixes (one to be injected and two to be prepared by the user). The performance of each mix is investigated by carrying out tests in different environments to assess the reliability of the product in typical jobsite conditions. A comparison of the different requirements concerning product certification in Europe and their correlation with the available (or still unavailable) design provisions and requirements is also carried out

BREAKOUT CAPACITY OF HEADED ANCHORS IN CONFINED CONCRETE: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE

While provisions are available in the current design codes that account for the presence of tensile fields causing concrete cracking, no provisions are available for anchors embedded in compressively prestressed concrete. Because of this lack of information, a series of experiments were performed to evaluate the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors embedded in confined and unconfined concrete. To simulate the confinement, uniform biaxial compression (prestress) was applied to concrete specimens in the directions orthogonal to the anchors’ stems. This paper discusses the influence of embedment depth and confinement on the behavior of headed anchors in terms of strength, ductility, and failure pattern. A comparison between actual code provisions for unconfined concrete and the experimental results reported herein is provided. Proposals for the extension of the actual provisions to take into account for the effects of confinement are provided and are contingent upon completion of further investigation

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Anchorage of Safety Barriers to Bridge Corbels

Post-installed systems for the anchorage of safety barriers to bridge corbels are widely used today thanks to their flexibility and easiness of installation. Because of commonly-found in-situ boundary constraints, however, the design requirements for fasteners and post-installed rebars are frequently not satisfied or only partially satisfied. This paper presents an innovative solution concerning the placement of post-installed reinforcement in RC members. With reference to the refurbishment of bridge corbels – which usually requires concrete removal in the damaged top layers – the proposed method is based on the introduction of additional U-shaped post-installed rebars connecting the existing portion of the corbel to the newly-cast top layer, in order to allow the transfer of the pull-out force exerted by the posts supporting the safety barrier. The layout investigated in this paper consists of three anchors connecting the end-plate of the post supporting the safety barrier to the corbel (a commonly-found layout in Italy). These anchors transfer the external actions (bending moment and shear) to the corbel thanks to the formation of a strut-and-tie system where the U-shaped rebars and the existing reinforcement play a crucial role. The tests on real-scale specimens are also modelled numerically and checked by means of design-oriented models