1,747 research outputs found
Exchange coupling between silicon donors: the crucial role of the central cell and mass anisotropy
Donors in silicon are now demonstrated as one of the leading candidates for
implementing qubits and quantum information processing. Single qubit
operations, measurements and long coherence times are firmly established, but
progress on controlling two qubit interactions has been slower. One reason for
this is that the inter donor exchange coupling has been predicted to oscillate
with separation, making it hard to estimate in device designs. We present a
multivalley effective mass theory of a donor pair in silicon, including both a
central cell potential and the effective mass anisotropy intrinsic in the Si
conduction band. We are able to accurately describe the single donor properties
of valley-orbit coupling and the spatial extent of donor wave functions,
highlighting the importance of fitting measured values of hyperfine coupling
and the orbital energy of the levels. Ours is a simple framework that can
be applied flexibly to a range of experimental scenarios, but it is nonetheless
able to provide fast and reliable predictions. We use it to estimate the
exchange coupling between two donor electrons and we find a smoothing of its
expected oscillations, and predict a monotonic dependence on separation if two
donors are spaced precisely along the [100] direction.Comment: Published version. Corrected b and B values from previous versio
Surface code architecture for donors and dots in silicon with imprecise and nonuniform qubit couplings
A scaled quantum computer with donor spins in silicon would benefit from a
viable semiconductor framework and a strong inherent decoupling of the qubits
from the noisy environment. Coupling neighbouring spins via the natural
exchange interaction according to current designs requires gate control
structures with extremely small length scales. We present a silicon
architecture where bismuth donors with long coherence times are coupled to
electrons that can shuttle between adjacent quantum dots, thus relaxing the
pitch requirements and allowing space between donors for classical control
devices. An adiabatic SWAP operation within each donor/dot pair solves the
scalability issues intrinsic to exchange-based two-qubit gates, as it does not
rely on sub-nanometer precision in donor placement and is robust against noise
in the control fields. We use this SWAP together with well established global
microwave Rabi pulses and parallel electron shuttling to construct a surface
code that needs minimal, feasible local control.Comment: Published version - more detailed discussions, robustness to
dephasing pointed out additionall
Dynamic phase coexistence in glass-forming liquids
One of the most controversial hypotheses for explaining the heterogeneous
dynamics of glasses postulates the temporary coexistence of two phases
characterized by a high and by a low diffusivity. In this scenario, two phases
with different diffusivities coexist for a time of the order of the relaxation
time and mix afterwards. Unfortunately, it is difficult to measure the
single-particle diffusivities to test this hypothesis. Indeed, although the
non-Gaussian shape of the van-Hove distribution suggests the transient
existence of a diffusivity distribution, it is not possible to infer from this
quantity whether two or more dynamical phases coexist. Here we provide the
first direct observation of the dynamical coexistence of two phases with
different diffusivities, by showing that in the deeply supercooled regime the
distribution of the single-particle diffusivities acquires a transient bimodal
shape. We relate this distribution to the heterogeneity of the dynamics and to
the breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation, and we show that the coexistence
of two dynamical phases occurs up to a timescale growing faster than the
relaxation time on cooling, for some of the considered models. Our work offers
a basis for rationalizing the dynamics of supercooled liquids and for relating
their structural and dynamical properties.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Relaxation functions and dynamical heterogeneities in a model of chemical gel interfering with glass transition
We investigate the heterogeneous dynamics in a model, where chemical gelation and glass transition interplay, focusing on the dynamical susceptibility. Two independent mechanisms give raise to the correlations, which are manifested in the dynamical susceptibility: one is related to the presence of permanent clusters, while the other is due to the increase of particle crowding as the glass transition is approached. The superposition of these two mechanisms originates a variety of different behaviours. We show that these two mechanisms can be unentangled considering the wave vector dependence of the dynamical susceptibility
Anthropogenic modifications to the drainage network of Rome (Italy). The case study of the Aqua Mariana
Rome is characterized by millennia of urbanization. Long lasting geomorphological investigations have allowed the geomorphological description of the city centre and the valorisation of its geomorphological heritage. In this paper the spatial change of the hydrographic network in historical times is illustrated, with some examples showing how deep has been, and still it is, the link between the historical-cultural development and the natural geomorphological and hydrological characteristics of the Roman territory. In particular, the most relevant human interventions on the drainage network, in the southern area of the city centre, have been investigated. Before the land-use modifications of Roman-age, this area was drained by the most important left tributary of the Tiber River within the city walls, the Nodicus River, more recently known as Aqua Mariana. This stream has undergone many anthropogenic modifications and diversions during the centuries, and its original path is known only downstream of the San Giovanni Basilica. According to geomorphological, archaeological and geological evidences, it is possible to hypothesize that the dimension of the pre-urbanization drainage basin, as known and reconstructed in the available literature, should have been until now underestimated
Clinical predictors of in-hospital death in patients with cardiogenic shock selected to undergo early revascularization
Biophysical and biochemical characterization of a liposarcoma-derived recombinant MnSOD protein acting as an anticancer agent
A recombinant MnSOD (rMnSOD) synthesized by specific cDNA clones derived from a liposarcoma cell line was shown to have the same sequence as the wild-type MnSOD expressed in the human myeloid leukaemia cell line U937, except for the presence of the leader peptide at the N-terminus. These results were fully confirmed by the molecular mass of rMnSOD as evaluated by ES/MS analysis (26662.7 Da) and the nucleotide sequence of the MnSOD cDNA. The role of the leader peptide in rMnSOD was investigated using a fluorescent and/or 68Gallium-labelled synthetic peptide. The labelled peptide permeated MCF-7 cells and uptake could be inhibited in the presence of an excess of oestrogen. In vivo it was taken up by the tumour, suggesting that the molecule can be used for both therapy and diagnosis. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacology tests confirmed that rMnSOD is only oncotoxic for tumour cells expressing oestrogen receptors. Pharmacokinetic studies in animals performed with 125I- and 131I-labelled proteins confirmed that, when administered systemically, rMnSOD selectively reached the tumour, where its presence was unambiguously demonstrated by scintigraphic and PET scans. PCR analysis revealed that Bax gene expression was increased and the Bcl2 gene was down regulated in MCF7 cells treated with rMnSOD, which suggests that the protein induces a pro-apoptotic mechanism
Pseudo Goldstone Bosons Phenomenology in Minimal Walking Technicolor
We construct the non-linear realized Lagrangian for the Goldstone Bosons
associated to the breaking pattern of SU(4) to SO(4). This pattern is expected
to occur in any Technicolor extension of the standard model featuring two Dirac
fermions transforming according to real representations of the underlying gauge
group. We concentrate on the Minimal Walking Technicolor quantum number
assignments with respect to the standard model symmetries. We demonstrate that
for, any choice of the quantum numbers, consistent with gauge and Witten
anomalies the spectrum of the pseudo Goldstone Bosons contains electrically
doubly charged states which can be discovered at the Large Hadron Collider.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
A hard-sphere model on generalized Bethe lattices: Statics
We analyze the phase diagram of a model of hard spheres of chemical radius
one, which is defined over a generalized Bethe lattice containing short loops.
We find a liquid, two different crystalline, a glassy and an unusual
crystalline glassy phase. Special attention is also paid to the close-packing
limit in the glassy phase. All analytical results are cross-checked by
numerical Monte-Carlo simulations.Comment: 24 pages, revised versio
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