Conventional liquid-based techniques versus Cytyc Thinprep(® )processing of urinary samples: a qualitative approach

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to objectively compare Cytyc Thinprep(® )and other methods of obtaining thin layer cytologic preparations (cytocentrifugation, direct smearing and Millipore(® )filtration) in urine cytopathology. METHODS: Thinprep slides were compared to direct smears in 79 cases. Cytocentrifugation carried out with the Thermo Shandon Cytospin(® )4 was compared to Thinprep in 106 cases, and comparison with Millipore filtration followed by blotting was obtained in 22 cases. Quality was assessed by scoring cellularity, fixation, red blood cells, leukocytes and nuclear abnormalities. RESULTS: The data show that 1) smearing allows good overall results to be obtained, 2) Cytocentrifugation with reusable TPX(® )chambers should be avoided, 3) Cytocentrifugation using disposable chambers (Cytofunnels(® )or Megafunnel(® )chambers) gives excellent results equalling or surpassing Thinprep and 4) Millipore filtration should be avoided, owing to its poor global quality. Despite differences in quality, the techniques studied have no impact on the diagnostic accuracy as evaluated by the rate of abnormalities. CONCLUSION: We conclude that conventional methods such as cytocentrifugation remain the most appropriate ones for current treatment of urinary samples. Cytyc Thinprep processing, owing to its cost, could be used essentially for cytology-based molecular studies

Cellules urothéliales atypiques (intérêt d'une terminologie proche du système de Bethesda applicable à la cytologie urinaire)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bracken fern-induced bladder tumors in guinea pigs. A model for human neoplasia.

We have induced tumors by feeding guinea pigs with a diet containing 25 or 30% dried bracken fern for 100 or 150 days. A high incidence of bladder tumors was obtained. All but one animal had preneoplastic or neoplastic lesions after 4 months; after one year, 24 or 25 exposed animals had carcinoma. Bladder tumors obtained were essentially pure transitional cell carcinomas, although 4 cases (7% of the exposed animals and 10% of the 39 transitional cell carcinoma observed) showed areas of focal squamous metaplasia. Immunohistological detection of cytokeratins 10, 13, and 18 confirmed the transitional nature of these tumors. Tumor development can be followed by ultrasonography and cytology. Bladder tumors arose through several steps. Dysplasia and preneoplastic hyperplasia were seen after 4 months and papillary carcinomas appeared after 6 months, whereas muscle-invasive carcinomas required 1 year. Thus this model reproduces the full spectrum of preneoplastic and neoplastic bladder lesions observed in humans. Interestingly, when tumors were induced in older guinea pigs, none of them progressed to a muscle-invasive stage. This phenomenon should provide the opportunity to study the molecular mechanisms associated with these two different growth patterns, a major issue in understanding human bladder tumor progression

Artificial intelligence to improve cytology performances in bladder carcinoma detection: results of the VisioCyt test

International audienceObjectiveTo explore the utility of artificial intelligence (AI) using the VisioCyt® test (VitaDX International, Rennes, France) to improve diagnosis of bladder carcinoma using voided urine cytology.Patients and MethodsA national prospective multicentre trial (14 centres) was conducted on 1360 patients, divided in two groups. The first group included bladder carcinoma diagnosis with different histological grades and stages, and the second group included control patients based on negative cystoscopy and cytology results. The first step of this VISIOCYT1 trial focussed on algorithm development and the second step on validating this algorithm. A total of 598 patients were included in this first step, 449 patients with bladder tumours (219 high-grade and 230 low-grade) and 149 as negative controls. The VisioCyt test was compared to voided urine cytology performed by experienced uro-pathologists from each centre.ResultsOverall sensitivity was highly improved by the VisioCyt test compared to cytology (84.9% vs 43%). For high-grade tumours the VisioCyt test sensitivity was 92.6% vs 61.1% for the uro-pathologists. Regarding low-grade tumours, VisioCyt test sensitivity was 77% vs 26.3% for the uro-pathologists.ConclusionIn comparison to routine cytology, the results of the first phase of the VISIOCYT1 trial show very clear progress in terms of sensitivity, which is particularly visible and interesting for low-grade tumours. If the validation cohort confirms these results, it could lead to the VisioCyt test being considered as a very useful aid for pathologists. Moreover, as this test is in fact software based on AI, it should become more and more efficient as more data are collected

Atypical Urothelial Cells (AUC)

The goal for the atypical urothelial cells (AUC) category is to capture those cases worrisome for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) but that fall short of the suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC) category. Known causes of atypia, such as polyomavirus change, treatment effect, calculi, etc., should be classified as negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC). We have set forth criteria for AUCs using the cytomorphologic features: increased nuclear to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio secondary to nuclear enlargement, abnormal nuclear chromasia and chromatin pattern, and irregularity of the chromatinic rim (nuclear membrane). We recommend restraint using the “AUC” category

Écriture de l’histoire et processus de canonisation dans les premiers siècles de l'islam

L’étude des premiers siècles de l’islam se heurte à des défis méthodologiques formidables, en particulier en raison de la nature même des sources disponibles pour appréhender la période. Les sources historiques musulmanes présentent en effet l’inconvénient d’un important décalage chronologique avec la période formative de l’islam, tandis que l’utilisation du Coran et plus largement de la tradition scripturaire ne manque pas de faire débat. Les contributions réunies dans ce volume explorent diverses approches pertinentes pour aborder ces sources et contourner les écueils épistémologiques propres à la tradition et à l’histoire musulmanes. Elles invitent ainsi à une histoire des textes, de leur genèse jusqu’à d’éventuels processus de canonisation, en passant par les différentes étapes d’élaboration, de sélection et de transmission. Résolument international, ce volume se veut en outre un hommage à Alfred-Louis de Prémare (1930-2006) en poursuivant l’exploration de thèmes qui lui étaient chers