Morfología de carbonizados de carbones beneficiados

Este trabajo evaluó la morfología de carbonizados beneficiados y sin beneficiar (originales) de cuatro carbones colombianos: El Cerrejón (Guajira), La Jagua (Cesar), Guachinte (Valle) y Nechí (Antioquia). Los carbones beneficiados se obtuvieron usando un proceso de flotación en columna, mientras que los carbonizados, en un reactor tubular de caída a 1000 °C, con una velocidad de calentamiento de 104 °C/s y un tiempo de residencia de 100 ms. Los carbonizados se analizaron usando análisis de imagen, con la cual se determinó su forma, tamaño, porosidad y espesor de pared. Se encontró que la morfología de los carbonizados depende del rango del carbón y de su composición maceral. Características morfológicas tales como alta porosidad, menor espesor de pared y morfología tipo red, adecuadas para una mejor combustión, se encontraron en los carbones de menor rango y ricos en vitrinita y liptinita. Se halló que los carbonizados de carbones beneficiados poseen mejores características morfológicas en comparación con los carbonizados de carbones originales.This work evaluated the char morphology of beneficiated and original coal (without beneficiation) from four Colombian coalmines: Cerrejón (La Guajira), La Jagua (Cesar), Guachinte (Valle del Cauca) and Nechí (Antioquia). Column flotation was used to obtain beneficiated coal, whereas a drop tube reactor at 1,000°C, 104 °C/s heating rate and 100 ms residence time was used to obtain char. The chars were analysed by image analysis which determined their shape, size, porosity and wall thickness. It was found that char morphology depended on coal rank and maceral composition. Morphological characteristics like high porosity, thinner walls and network-like morphology which are beneficial in improving combustion were present in vitrinite- and liptinite-rich lowest-ranking coals. Beneficiated coals showed that their chars had better performance regarding their morphological characteristics than their original coal chars

CBT system (Computer Based Training) of the Aircraft a-37b, used in the earth course of the combat air command No. 3 (CAMCOM-3) of the Colombian Air Force (FAC)

This article shows the implementation of an integrated and updated education system in the Combat Air Command No.3 as a school of the A-37B team, to give theoretical and virtual practice instruction optimizing strategic processes, increasing productivity, reducing operational and administrative costs in order to promote the commitment and development of human capital to crewmembers of the A-37B team; At the same time, promote technological development and innovation in the personnel that make up the Unit. In this work, the importance of the use of ICT in the educational field and the great contribution it presents in the Colombian Armed Forces is made known

Constantes cinéticas de flotación del grupo maceral vitrinita de dos carbones colombianos

Las constantes cinéticas de flotación del grupo maceral vitrinita son importantes para diseñar columnas de flotación destinadas a separar este grupo maceral. En este trabajo se muestra el efecto del pH, velocidad del aire y concentración de espumante sobre la constante cinética de flotación del grupo maceral vitrinita de dos carbones bituminosos colombianos: El Cerrejón (La Guajira) y La Jagua (Cesar). Una columna de flotación a escala piloto de 5 m de altura se utilizó en todos los experimentos. Las muestras se procesaron usando un rango de pH entre 4 y 10, velocidad del aire entre 0,7 y 2,1 cm/s y concentración de espumante en el rango 2 a 6 ml de espumante/kg de carbón. Los carbones La Jagua y El Cerrejón mostraron altos valores de la constante cinética en medio ácido (0,692 min-1 a pH 4 y 0,559 min-1 a pH 5, respectivamente). Los resultados mostraron que, en general, las mejores condiciones de operación para obtener altos valores de la constante cinética del grupo maceral vitrinita fueron medio ácido y bajos flujo de aire y de concentración de espumante, respectivamente.ABSTRACT Vitrinite maceral flotation kinetic constants are important in designing flotation columns to be used in separating this maceral group. This work shows the effect of pH, air speed and froth concentration on vitrinite maceral flotation kinetic constants by using two Colombian bituminous coals: El Cerrejón (Guajira) and La Jagua (Cesar). A 5 m high pilot-scale flotation column was used in all runs. The samples were processed using 4-10 pH, 0.7-2.1 cm/s air speed and 2-6 ml/kg of coal froth concentration ranges. Both La Jagua and El Cerrejón coals showed high kinetic constants figures in acid conditions (0.692 min-1 at pH 4 and 0.559 min-1 at pH 5, respectively). The results showed that, generally, the best operating conditions for obtaining high vitrinite maceral kinetic constant values were having an acid medium and low air flow and froth concentration

Beneficiated coals' char morphology

This work evaluated the char morphology of beneficiated and original coal (without beneficiation) from four Colombian coalmines: Cerrejón (La Guajira), La Jagua (Cesar), Guachinte (Valle del Cauca) and Nechí (Antioquia). Column flotation was used to obtain beneficiated coal, whereas a drop tube reactor at 1,000°C, 104 °C/s heating rate and 100 ms residence time was used to obtain char. The chars were analysed by image analysis which determined their shape, size, porosity and wall thickness. It was found that char morphology depended on coal rank and maceral composition. Morphological characteristics like high porosity, thinner walls and network-like morphology which are beneficial in improving combustion were present in vitrinite- and liptinite-rich lowest-ranking coals. Beneficiated coals showed that their chars had better performance regarding their morphological characteristics than their original coal chars.Este trabajo evaluó la morfología de carbonizados beneficiados y sin beneficiar (originales) de cuatro carbones colombianos: El Cerrejón (Guajira), La Jagua (Cesar), Guachinte (Valle) y Nechí (Antioquia). Los carbones beneficiados se obtuvieron usando un proceso de flotación en columna, mientras que los carbonizados, en un reactor tubular de caída a 1000 °C, con una velocidad de calentamiento de 104 °C/s y un tiempo de residencia de 100 ms. Los carbonizados se analizaron usando análisis de imagen, con la cual se determinó su forma, tamaño, porosidad y espesor de pared. Se encontró que la morfología de los carbonizados depende del rango del carbón y de su composición maceral. Características morfológicas tales como alta porosidad, menor espesor de pared y morfología tipo red, adecuadas para una mejor combustión, se encontraron en los carbones de menor rango y ricos en vitrinita y liptinita. Se halló que los carbonizados de carbones beneficiados poseen mejores características morfológicas en comparación con los carbonizados de carbones originales

Beneficiated coals' char morphology

This work evaluated the char morphology of beneficiated and original coal (without beneficiation) from four Colombian coalmines: Cerrejón (La Guajira), La Jagua (Cesar), Guachinte (Valle del Cauca) and Nechí (Antioquia). Column flotation was used to obtain beneficiated coal, whereas a drop tube reactor at 1,000°C, 104 °C/s heating rate and 100 ms residence time was used to obtain char. The chars were analysed by image analysis which determined their shape, size, porosity and wall thickness. It was found that char morphology depended on coal rank and maceral composition. Morphological characteristics like high porosity, thinner walls and network-like morphology which are beneficial in improving combustion were present in vitrinite- and liptinite-rich lowest-ranking coals. Beneficiated coals showed that their chars had better performance regarding their morphological characteristics than their original coal chars