2,729 research outputs found
Trade reform in Vietnam : opportunities with emerging challenges
In 1986 Vietnam initiated a transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-oriented economy where the government would keep playing a leading role. These renovation (doi moi) policies were successful at generating economic growth and reducing poverty. In the ten-year socioeconomic strategy endorsed by the Ninth Party Congress in April 2001, the authorities further articulated their development objectives in terms of economic growth and poverty reduction. To reach these objectives, the government indicated that its structural reform priorities were to change Vietnam's trade and financial policies, liberalize the climate for private investment, increase the efficiency of public enterprises, and improve governance. The author argues that the pace of implementation of trade reform-which has been impressive so far-is raising new challenges. On one side, fast liberalization of trade reform may soon conflict with the slow pace of implementation of other reforms, including restructuring of state-owned enterprises and state-owned commercial banks. On the other side, Vietnam would greatly benefit from fast implementation of trade reform and particularly fast accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), especially after China's recent WTO accession. Auffret concludes that implementation of trade reform will be a testing ground to reveal the extent of Vietnam's commitment to a market-oriented economy.Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade Policy,Rules of Origin,Economic Theory&Research,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,World Trade Organization,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade and Services
A New Approach for Quality Management in Pervasive Computing Environments
This paper provides an extension of MDA called Context-aware Quality Model
Driven Architecture (CQ-MDA) which can be used for quality control in pervasive
computing environments. The proposed CQ-MDA approach based on
ContextualArchRQMM (Contextual ARCHitecture Quality Requirement MetaModel),
being an extension to the MDA, allows for considering quality and
resources-awareness while conducting the design process. The contributions of
this paper are a meta-model for architecture quality control of context-aware
applications and a model driven approach to separate architecture concerns from
context and quality concerns and to configure reconfigurable software
architectures of distributed systems. To demonstrate the utility of our
approach, we use a videoconference system.Comment: 10 pages, 10 Figures, Oral Presentation in ECSA 201
Modeling and Simulation of a Fluttering Cantilever in Channel Flow
Characterizing the dynamics of a cantilever in channel flow is relevant to
applications ranging from snoring to energy harvesting. Aeroelastic flutter
induces large oscillating amplitudes and sharp changes with frequency that
impact the operation of these systems. The fluid-structure mechanisms that
drive flutter can vary as the system parameters change, with the stability
boundary becoming especially sensitive to the channel height and Reynolds
number, especially when either or both are small. In this paper, we develop a
coupled fluid-structure model for viscous, two-dimensional channel flow of
arbitrary shape. Its flutter boundary is then compared to results of
two-dimensional direct numerical simulations to explore the model's validity.
Provided the non-dimensional channel height remains small, the analysis shows
that the model is not only able to replicate DNS results within the parametric
limits that ensure the underlying assumptions are met, but also over a wider
range of Reynolds numbers and fluid-structure mass ratios. Model predictions
also converge toward an inviscid model for the same geometry as Reynolds number
increases
The European UMTS/IMT-2000 License Auctions
We survey the recent European UMTS license auctions and compare their outcomes with the predictions of a simple model that emphasizes future market structure as a main determinant of valuations for licenses. Since the main goal of most spectrum allocation procedures is economic efficiency, and since consumers (who are affected by the ensuing market structure) do not participate at the auction stage, good designs must alleviate the asymmetry among incumbents and potential entrants by actively encouraging entry.
Monetary and Implicit Incentives of Patent Examiners
Patent examiners, who are often accused of granting questionable patents, might lack proper incentives to carefully scrutinize applications. Furthermore, they have outside options and leave the patent office. It is thus interesting to investigate whether their granting behavior is affected by career concerns. In a simple setting, we analyze different incentive schemes that reward examiners on the basis of rejected and/or accepted patents. We then study the effect of career concerns on the granting behavior of examiners. We find that a reward based on rejection gives more incentives to search for relevant information, and career concerns increase these incentives. Besides, the information provided by the applicant has an impact on the examiners incentive to search for information.patent examiners; career concerns
A Note on Revenue Maximization and Efficiency in Multi-Object Auctions
We consider an auction with risk neutral agents having independent private valuations for several heterogenous objects. Most of the literature on revenue-maximizing auctions has focused on the sale of one good or on the sale of several identical units (thus yielding one-dimensional informational models). Two reasons for inefficiency in revenue-maximizing auctions have been identified 1) The (monopolist) seller can increase revenue by restricting supply. 2) A revenue maximizing seller will sell to bidders with the highest ''virtual'' valuations (see Myerson, 1981). Virtual valuations are adjusted valuations that take into account bidders' informational rents, and depend on the distribution of private information. Asymmetries among bidders (and possibly other properties of these distributions) drive a wedge between virtual and true valuations, leading to inefficiencies (see Ausubel and Cramton, 1998 for a recent discussion of these issues). Our purpose here is to illustrate in the simplest possible way that a revenue-maximizing seller of several heterogenous objects has incentives to ''misallocate'' the sold objects even in symmetric settings, and no matter what the (symmetric) function governing the distribution of private information is. This inefficiency result should be contrasted with the efficiency result in Armstrong (1998) that applies only to some cases with discrete distributions of valuations.
Search of Prior Art and Revelation of Information by Patent Applicants
We examine the strategic non-revelation of information by patent applicants. In a model of a bilateral search of information, we show that patent applicants may conceal information, and that examiners make their screening intensity contingent upon the received information. We then analyze the effects of a double review policy and a policy in which examiners ex ante commit to screening efforts. The implementation of the former policy reduces strategic non-revelation, but its overall implication remains unclear. The latter policy involves equal screening intensity across all applications, requires a limited commitment power and induces truthful revelation.patents; information; incentives
Efficient Design with Interdependent Valuations
We study efficient, Bayes-Nash incentive compatible mechanisms in a social choice setting that allows for informational and allocative externalities. We show that such mechanisms exist only if a congruence condition relating private and social rates of information substitution is satisfied. If signals are multidimensional, the congruence condition is determined by an integrability constraint, and it can hold only in non-generic cases such as the private value case or the symmetric case. If signals are one-dimensional, the congruence condition reduces to a monotonicity constraint and it can be generically satisfied. We apply the results to the study of multi-object auctions, and we discuss why such auctions cannot be reduced to one-dimensional models without loss of generality.
The Role of Pragmatics in Cross-cultural
We here try to find out the role of pragmatics in the cross-cultural contexts. Pragmatics is the way we convey meaning through communication (Deda, 2013). Other factors beyond competence are the adjustments between contexts and situations that can change the ordinary meaning of elements/sentences according to the language situation. The culture of an organization decides the way employees behave amongst themselves as well as the people outside the organization. Pragmatic culture more emphasis is placed on the clients and the external parties. Customer satisfaction is the main motive of the employees in a pragmatic culture. In linguistics, pragmatic competence is the ability to use language effectively in a contextually appropriate fashion. Pragmatic competence is a fundamental aspect of a more general communicative competence
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