Construction Cost Sensitivity of a Lignocellulosic Ethanol Biorefinery

The technology has been developed to convert feedstock with cellulose content into ethanol. However, ethanol produced from cellulosic feedstock is the same as ethanol distilled from grain. The objective of research is to determine the price per gallon of ethanol needed so that producing lignocellulosic based ethanol become economically feasible.Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics,

Supply-side economics: a skeptical view

Journal ArticleThe current buzzword in Washington--and one presumes in Denver, San Diego, and South Bend as well--is "supply-side economics." Since a significant number of economists seem to be lining up behind its flag, it would be worthwhile to take a hard look at the current rage

A conceptual approach for estimating resilience to fuel shocks

We examine a conceptual approach to the estimation of resilience of transport systems to fuel shocks, i.e. a severe and long lasting reduction in the availability of fuel for motorised transport. Adaptive capacity is an element of resilience and is defined in the paper. There is currently no indicator of adaptive capacity of individuals in small geographies sensitive to a variety of policy measures, such as those affecting fitness, obesity, bicycle availability and bicycle infrastructure, whose impacts (at least in the short term) are on a smaller scale than large-scale land use and urban morphology change. We propose a conceptual approach for designing a method to quantify this indicator. The indicator shows the proportion of the population of areas who would have the capacity to commute to work principally by bicycle or walking following the shock. It assesses capacity grounded in current data and avoids as far as possible the need for speculation about the future. We believe this makes progress towards producing a good indicator with relatively un-controversial, transparent simplifying assumptions. The indicator can compare the resilience of different areas and can be updated over time

A scientometric review of the synergetic effects of emotions on the travel motivation of senior tourists

This paper seeks to make three contributions to the senior tourism literature. The first apllies a scientometric review to analyse when, how and why the subject title has potential value in scientific domain; the second measure and validate senior tourists’ emotional experiences when vacationing in Lisbon, adapting Hosany and Gilbert Destination Emotion Scale (DES); and the third identifies the effect of positive emotions on push motivations. The scientometric review over 18479 bibliographical records published since 1900, were retrieved by terms from the Web-of-Science and exported to CiteSpace. A sample of 464 senior tourists vacationing in Lisbon was conducted to analyses the synergetic effect of emotions on the travel motivations of senior tourists, applying structural equations modeling (SEM). The results shows the association between positive emotions, place attachment and push motivations in seniors tourist experience, through the connection between ten areas of research in the knowledge domain: the first seven major clusters (#0 to #6), and three small clusters: #10 with the reference Jang, (2009); # 41, with the reference Sangpikul, (2008) and cluster #48 with the reference Pearce, (2005)

Measaurement of the intelectual contribution of the issue: Synergetic effect of emotions on the travel motivation of senior tourists

Detecting the signs of potential valuable ideas has theoretical and practical implications in order to safeguard the integrity of scientific knowledge. A critical part is to discern whether the study of a new idea is cognitively demanding. Not only do we need to have an up-do-date understanding of the scientific field’s intellectual structure as we must be able to identify exactly how the newly idea is connected to the intellectual structure as well. The perceived value of this paper is to provide specific trails of evidence to show why and how “The Synergetic Effect of Emotions on Travel Motivation of Senior Tourists” is novel in the scientific domain. The prediction of its potential value is going to be made in computational terms, using the program CiteSpace, showing the degree of changes introduced by it due to its connection with previously disparate patches of knowledge, creating a network of ideas. CiteSpace supports the modeling and visualization of our topic from bibliographical sources in terms of networks of several types of entities, including cited references, co-authors, co-occuring keywords and identify centrality between pivotal points as a measure of the importance of those nodes. This paper centered on document citations and co-citations networks in order to deliver accurate results for the knowledge of each domain. Individual nodes in the network can be aggregated into different thematic concentrations or clusters, based on their interconnectivity. Other points of interest include articles highly cited, strong bursts and hight frequency of occurance

ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio and nitric oxide levels in pregnancy induced hypertensive women

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is considered as the major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality. Even though occurrence of PIH is due to abnormal placentation, endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the genesis of the multisystem disorder that develops in pre eclampsia and eclampsia. Various studies have proved that hyperlipidemia is one of the major causes of endothelial dysfunction. Since ApoB/apoA-I ratio is a dyslipidemic indicator, the study was designed to determine ApoB/ApoA-I in PIH women and to analyse whether this ratio can be correlated with ED in PIH women.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study involved normotensive, preeclamptic and eclamptic pregnant women with hundred subjects in each group. They were investigated for serum lipid profile, ApoA, ApoB, NO, MDA, FRAP in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy.Results: The SBP & DBP were significantly high between 3 groups. The mean plasma TC, TGL, VLDL, LDL, MDA, ApoB levels, ApoB/ApoA-I were significantly high & HDL, ApoA-I, NO, FRAP levels were significantly low between 3 groups. The ApoB/ApoA-I was positively correlated with TC, TGL, VLDL, LDL, malondialdehyde and negatively correlated with HDL, FRAP & NO.Conclusions: Our results indicate that women with PE & E exhibit markedly elevated concentrations of TGL-rich lipoproteins. The negative correlation between ApoB/ApoA-I with NO indicates that the hyperlipidemia is directly related with severity of ED in PIH. So, careful monitoring of ApoB/ApoA-I along with NO might be helpful to predict the onset and progression of the disease

Penurunan Populasi Bakteri Dalam Saliva Setelah Mengunyah Permen Karet

Research has been performed to know whether chewing gum was effective significantly in decreasing bacteria population in salivla. Saliva was collected from 10 volunteers before chewing gum, 5 minutes after, and 20 minutes after. Saliva samples were diluted then cultured in Nutrient Agar Plates. Grown colonies (cfu, colony forming unit) were counted, data were tabulated and analyzed by using student t test. Chewing gum showed significant effect on decreasing bacteria population in salival, after 5 and 20 minutes of chewing gum