SEDIMENTS AND NUTRIENT DYNAMICS IN THE LAKE MARKERMEER, THE NETHERLANDS

ABSTRACT Lake Markermee( is a large fresh water lake in the centre of the Netherlands. Since Lake Markermeer is categorised as a shallow lake, it is very susceptible for sediment resuspension. The general objective of this study is to investigate sediment and nutrient dynamics in Lake Markermeer sediments. This research was ca"ied out in a 5 months period from November 2007 until March 2008 using sediment trap methods. Sampling sites for sediment traps are located at the two fixed sites in which each sampling site had duplicates bottom and half-depth traps. The collection of the sediment traps samples was conducted every two weeks. The parameter measured in sediment traps were: sediment trap yields, Loss on ignition (LOI), total N and total P. Statistical t test analysis was utilised to compare the value of each parameter between two sampling stations as well as between bottom and half depth at the same stations. The results for the sediment trap activities showed that at the two fixed sampling stations, the sediment trap yields in the bottom part tend to be higher than half depth. This difference between bottom and halfway traps is statistically significant. Also, a significant difference was found between STA and STB, both for bottom and half-depth traps.A similar result was found for LOI..For total Nand P the results showed that there were no significant differences between bottom and half-depth at the two fixed sampling stations

Penurunan Konsentrasi BOD5, COD dan Padatan Tersuspensi pada Air Limbah dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Lahan Basah Buatan (Constructed Wetland)

Constructed wetlands are a promising solution technology to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand planted with Thypa latifolia with variation of the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media in removing BOD5, COD, and suspended solids. The experimental design consisted of 12 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were 3 treatments and one control based on the with variation of the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media (7, 14, and 21 cm).  During the five months, the mesocosms were loaded with syntethic wastewater. The influent had a 2-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, COD and TSS. The results showed the concetration of BOD5, COD and TSS reduced significantly after the wastewater were treated with constructed wetland systems.  The trend showed that the constructed wetland systems planted with Thypa latifolia had a better performance in comparison with the control. There were no significant differences of BOD5 COD, and suspended solidoutflow among  7, 14 and 21  of constructed wetland systems. This indicated that the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media did not influence the performance of constructed wetland systems in removing BOD5, COD and TS

Bioaktivitas Metabolit Sekunder dari Genus Dipterocarpus

Research has been conducted with the title "Literature Study of Secondary Metabolites and Bioactivity of Plants Genus Dipterocarpus". The method used is a descriptive method with the aim of being to find out the active compounds in the genus plant dipterocarpus and to know the ability of the bioactivity of genus plants dipterocarpus. Based on the results of the study, bioactivity of secondary metabolites from planst of the genus dipterocarpus namely antidiabetic, antiplasmodial, antibacterial, antioxidant, anticlasses, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase, antiproliferation, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. Very strong biosaltivity indicated by the ethyl acetate faction plant D. Intricatus Sagai Antioxidant IC50 Nialial is 0.075 μg / mL. While very weak bioacchables are shown extract methanol stem plant D. Costatus as cytotoxic with ic50 value 973 ± 14.57 μg / mL

REDUCTION OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT IN DETERJENT FROM DOMESTIC WASTE WATER USING PUMICE AND SAND AS A MEDIA IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM

The use of pumice and sand as a media in Constructed wetland (CW) system to reduce anionic surfactant has been carried out. This research aimed to investigation the efficiency of pumice  and sand in CW system with and without plant (cymbopogon citrates) for  CW anionic surfactant removal. There were six variation of CW treatments based on percentage pumice amended in the sand media. The anionic surfactant were analysed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry with metilen blue methods. Results of the analysis on oneway anova showed that the efficiency removal of anionic surfactant in inflow and outflow is significant different, on the variation of media of pumice 10%  and sand  90%  (CW B) reduced anionic surfactant levels efficiently from an average of 0,481 ppm  ppm to 0,188 ppm with a decrease in percentage value of 60,91%

Simple Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μ-PAD) Coupled with Smartphone for Mn(II) Detection Using Tannin as a Green Reagent

The development of a simple yet greener microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) for on-site detection of Mn(II) in various types of waters using tannin as a natural reagent was described. The μ-PAD consists of twelve detection zones, created on a Whatman Number 1 filter paper by a simple drawing technique using an acrylic watercolor. The detection of Mn(II) was based on the color change on the reaction zone due to the reaction between Mn(II) and the pre-deposited tannin. The μ-PAD image was captured by a portable smartphone detector, and the blue intensity was digitized using a color picker application to generate the reflectance as the analytical response. The proposed method was characterized by a linear dynamic range of 0.05–0.25 mg L−1 with the limit of detection (LOD) for the determination of Mn(II) of 0.026 mg L−1. The other analytical merits of the proposed method, such as precision (RSD, 1.107%), accuracy (E, 6.697%), and recovery (104–112%), were all comparable to the existing spectrophotometric methods. The method’s successful application to natural water samples from manganese mining sites aligns with the reference spectrophotometric method, indicating its good selectivity and accuracy without significant influence of commonly associated interfering ions

Lampiran 4D Paper Kondisi Kualitas Air dan Perilaku Masyarakat di Sun Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Kali Liliba Kota Kupang

This research aims to; (1) to determine the water quality of Liliba River and to analyse the water quality index of Kali Liliba River using STORET (2) to identify the perceptions of various stakeholders in Kali Liliba to achieve sustainable use of water resources The study was conducted by measuring several water quality parameters such as turbidity, temperature, TDS, turbidity, smell, taste, pH, DO, ammonium, N-Nitrite, phosphate, oils and fats, hardness (CaCO3) in several sampling points and distributing questionnaires to communities living in Kali Liliba River Basin. The results showed that ammonium and phosphate concentrations in Kali Liliba had exceeded the threshold specified in accordance with Government Regulation No.82 of 2001. In addition, water quality status using STORET INDEX analysis showed that sub DAS Kali Liliba was categorized medium contaminated. The waste disposal from septic or greywater, disposal of tofu industry waste, and pig farm waste was the major contribution of water pollution in Kali Liliba

Lampiran 4C Paper Reduction of Anionic Surfactant in Detergent from Domestic Wastewater Using Pumice and Sand Media in Constructed Wetland System

The use of pumice and sand as a media in Constructed wetland (CW) system to reduce anionic surfactant has been carried out. This research aimed to investigation the efficiency of pumice and sand in CW system with and without plant (cymbopogon citrates) for CW anionic surfactant removal. There were six variation of CW treatments based on percentage pumice amended in the sand media. The anionic surfactant were analysed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry with metilen blue methods. Results of the analysis on oneway anova showed that the efficiency removal of anionic surfactant in inflow and outflow is significant different, on the variation of media of pumice 10% and sand 90% (CW B) reduced anionic surfactant levels efficiently from an average of 0,481ppm to 0,188 ppm with a decrease in percentage value of 60,91%

Lampiran 3A Paper Analisis Kebutuhan Luasan Hutan Kota Berdasarkan Penyerapan CO2 Antropogenik Kota Kupang

The main purpose of the research is to analyze the needs of urban forest in the Kupang City based on the sink of CO2 anthropogenic. Primary data collected through field surveys and laboratory analysis of leaf samples using carbohydrate method. Case studies and literature are used to obtain secondary data from relevant agencies or literature, especially the results of studies with similar cases. The results showed that increasing emmission of CO2 anthropogenic. Total emissions of CO2 anthropogenic come from the use of fuel oil and gas and electricity consumption was 393,498.003 tons/year, in 2015 increased to 490,673.45 tons/year, and in 2025 reached 710,928.38 tons/year. Urban forest area in the city today in many forms of 969.35 ha or 5.38%, but from the region of the npure function as urban forest is only 177 ha or 0.98%. Based on the absorption of CO2, the needs of urban forest area in the city at this time are sufficient, but based on Government Regulation number 63/2002 that establishes urban forest land area of at least 10% of the area of the city, the area available has not yet qualified. CO2 absorption of 9 tree species studied vary between tree species, depending on the mass of net carbohydrates, leaf area, and number of leaves per tree. Plants that have high the absorptive capacity of CO2 are the jackfruit and the banyan tree with value of 453.95 and 428.48 kg/tree/year, respectively, while the lowest is flamboyant with 0.12 kg/tree/year of CO2 absorptio

Lampiran 5B Pengecekan Turnitin

Pengecekan Turnitin untuk lampiran paper 5

Lampiran 1A Paper Sediment Characteristics and Wind Induced Sediment Dynamics in Lake Markemeer, the Netherlands, Aquatic Sciences

In 2007/08, a study was undertaken on the sediment dynamics in shallow Lake Markermeer (the Netherlands). Firstly, sediment characteristics were determined at 49 sites in the lake. Parameters such as median grain size and loss on ignition showed a spatial as well as water depth related pattern, indicating wind-induced sediment transport. Highly significant correlations were found between all sediment parameters. Lake Markermeer sediment dynamics were investigated in a sediment trap field survey at two permanent stations in the lake. Sedimentyields, virtually all coming from sediment resuspension, were significantly correlated with average wind speeds,though periods of extreme winds also played a role.Sediment resuspension rates for Lake Markermeer were high, viz. on average ca. 1,000 g m-2 day-1. The highlydynamic nature of Lake Markermeer sediments must bedue to the overall shallowness of the lake, together with itslarge surface area (dynamic ratio = [H(area)]/[averagedepth] = 7.5); wind-induced waves and currents willimpact most of the lake’s sediment bed. Indeed, near-bed currents can easily reach values 10 cm/s. Measurements of the thickness of the settled ‘‘mud’’ layer, as well as 137Csdating, showed that long-term deposition only takes placein the deeper SE area of the lake. Finally, lake sediment dynamics were investigated in preliminary laboratory experiments in a small ‘‘micro-flume’’, applying increasingwater currents onto five Lake Markermeer sediments.Sediment resuspension started off at 0.5–0.7 cm/s andshowed a strongly exponential behaviour with respect to these currents