Countering the poor oral health of people with intellectual and develoopmental disability : a scoping literature review

Background: People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) have poor oral health and need support to maintain optimal oral health outcomes. Little is known about how, when and where to intervene for this population. Thus the aim of this review was to summarise the existing evidence surrounding improving oral health outcomes for people with IDD. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted focusing on ‘oral health’ and ‘intellectual disability’. Systematic searches of five electronic databases were conducted in line with the study aims and two authors independently examined all records for relevance, with consensus achieved by a third author. Results: A small number of approaches and interventions were identified to support people with IDD to independently maintain optimal oral hygiene. Identified studies highlighted that caregivers play a vital role in the provision of oral health support, emphasising the effectiveness of educational interventions for caregivers. However, there was uncertainty regarding the efficacy of specific tooth brushing interventions for people with IDD. In cases of more severe IDD and/or dental-related behavioural problems, dental treatment under general anaesthesia was often both a necessary and effective method of oral health care provision. The findings also identified outreach and exclusive oral health services as successful strategies for increasing the limited access of people with IDD to oral care services. Conclusions: A uniform approach to supporting oral health for people with IDD is unlikely to succeed. A system based approach is needed to address the diverse needs of the population of people with IDD, their caregivers and service context. Further high quality evidence is required to confirm these findings

EMPLOYEE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT A PROPOSED FRAMEWORK FOR NOVICES IN SERVICE SECTOR: A REVIEW

Abstract The psychological contract is the set of unwritten expectations between an individual employee and the organization. This paper highlights various variables that strengthen the employee psychological contract through a framework proposed by the researcher for the newcomers in the service sector. The researcher also contributes various variables which facilitate the employees to strengthen the psychological contract. The research is limited to service sector and also to theoretical aspects to develop a framework. The practical implication of this proposed framework is to reduce psychological contract violation among the newcomers and also this can act as an empirical support for the newcomers in the service sector. The study discovers new direction in researching psychological contract and offers theoretical aid to researchers and practitioners in providing a direction for employee psychological contract and ends with a blueprint as well as recommendations

Blood Flow and PWV Study.xlsx

The overall goal of this research is to determine the impact of increased blood flow on peripheral arterial stiffness. We hypothesize that increasing limb blood flow by reactive hyperemia will reduce arterial stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity.</p

Oral health knowledge, attitude and practices among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, India : a cross-sectional survey

Background: Maintaining good oral health among hospitalized individuals is essential for health outcomes and quality of life. Nurses, being the primary oral care givers require adequate knowledge, attitude and practice in this area to provide effective oral health care. However, limited studies have been undertaken to evaluate this aspect of nursing care in India. Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses regarding oral care for hospitalized patients. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: A total of 244 nurses working in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore, South India were purposively recruited for this study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions about knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral care. Results: The mean oral health knowledge score was 6.74 out of maximum score of 22. Most nurses were aware of the importance of oral care among inpatients and the effect poor oral hygiene and systemic diseases have on oral health. Deficiencies in knowledge were prevalent in areas including common medications that affect oral health and regarding care of dentures. Nurses, with higher nursing qualifications and working in departments with longer length of stay had higher attitude scores. Most nurses assessed oral health needs within 24hrs of admission. However, there were inconsistencies in the oral health assessment and care protocols followed and documentation. Conclusion: Nurses’ attitude towards oral health was positive yet their knowledge in specific aspects of care was inadequate. Their oral health practices needs improvement