IncHI plasmids, a dynamic link between resistance and pathogenicity

Plasmids of incompatibility group (Inc) HI1 are important vectors of antibiotic resistance in both of the major causal agents of enteric fever: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. In S. Typhi, IncHI1 plasmids appeared in the 1970s and spread globally. In some circumstances they are maintained within the bacterial population even in the absence of selection from antibiotics. The low cost associated with IncH plasmids in Salmonella is due, in part, to the presence of a plasmid gene encoding an H-NS-like global regulator which acts co-operatively with chromosomally encoded H-NS. Very recently, IncHI1 plasmids have crossed from S. Typhi into S. Paratyphi A; the acquisition of drug resistance and possibly other phenotypic traits encoded by IncHI1 plasmids has increased the virulence potential of this neglected pathogen. There is no vaccine for S. Paratyphi A and resistance to the current drugs of choice, the fluoroquinolones, is also spreading rapidly. There is a conserved backbone to all IncH plasmids but variation occurs in regions of the plasmids associated with antibiotic resistance. These IncHI1 plasmids are allowing major human pathogens to sample genes available in their environment, the human gut, and will be maintained by enhancing the competitive advantage of the bacterial host. Therefore competition between closely related resistance plasmids will probably increase the transmission of enteric fever by enhancing the fitness of their bacterial hosts

Defining scanning trajectory for on-machine inspection using a laser-plane scanner

International audienceScan path planning for on-machine inspection in a 5-axis machine tool is still a challenge to measure part geometry in a minimum amount of time with a given scanning quality. Indeed, as the laser-plane scanner takes the place of the cutting tool, the time allocated to measurement must be reduced, but not at detrimental of the quality. In this direction, this paper proposes a method for scan path planning in a 5-axis machine tool with the control of scanning overlap. This method is an adaptation of a method dedicated to a robot that has proved its efficiency for part inspection

Performance of cluster-based cognitive multihop networks under joint impact of hardware noises and non-identical primary co-channel interference

In this paper, we evaluate outage probability (OP) of a cluster-based multi-hop protocol operating on an underlay cognitive radio (CR) mode. The primary network consists of multiple independent transmit/receive pairs, and the primary transmitters seriously cause co-channel interference (CCI) to the secondary receivers. To improve the outage performance for the secondary network under the joint impact of the CCI and hardware imperfection, we employ the best relay selection at each hop. Moreover, the destination is equipped with multiple antennas and uses the selection combining (SC) technique to enhance the reliability of the data transmission at the last hop. For performance evaluation, we first derive an exact formula of OP for the primary network which is used to calculate the transmit power of the secondary transmitters. Next, an exact closed-form expression of the end-to-end OP for the secondary network is derived over Rayleigh fading channels. We then perform Monte-Carlo simulations to validate the derivations. The results present that the CCI caused by the primary operations significantly impacts on the outage performance of the secondary network

NOVEL HPLC-UV METHOD USING VOLATILE BUFFER FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM

Objective: The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a novel HPLC-UV method using triethylamine (TEA) as a volatile buffer for simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate (AML) and atorvastatin calcium (ATV).Methods: System suitability, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), selectivity, accuracy, and precision was validated using Hitachi L-2000 system with detector: DAD L-2455 at a detected wavelength of 245 nm. Stationary phase: Phenomenex Luna RP-C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and mobile phase: acetonitrile-methanol-TEA pH 4.0 (ratio 52:18:30 v/v/v) were used. Samples' volume of 20 µl was run at room temperature with the flow rate at 1 ml/min.Results: The linearity demonstrated good correlation in the concentration range at 2-40 ppm and 4-80 ppm for AML and ATV, respectively. The method was repeatable with relative standard deviation (RSD) of the intermediate precision test less than 1%. The recovery rate was 100.03% and 99.58% for AML and ATV, respectively. The method was also validated for dissolution studies with excellent compatibility.Conclusion: A new, simple and easy HPLC-UV method was successfully developed and validated for the determination of AML and ATV in both quantification test and dissolution test.Keywords: Amlodipine, Atorvastatin, Simultaneous, Dissolution, HPLC, Quantification, Volatile buffe

Ba[Mg2Al2N4]Eu2+ phosphor for enhancing the optical quality of the 6600K CPW-LEDs

Compared with conventional lamps, LED-based light sources have a superior lifetime, efficiency, and reliability, which promise significant reductions in power consumption and pollution from fossil fuel power plants. The main purpose of this paper is proposed and investigated the effect of the concentration of Ba[Mg2Al2N4]Eu2+conversion phosphor on the CCT deviation (D-CCT) and lumen output (LO) of the 6600 K conformal-packaging white LEDs (CPW-LEDs). For this purpose, we used the Light Tools and Mat Lab software to investigate this problem. From the research results, we can state that the concentration of the red phosphor crucially influenced on the optical quality of the 6600 K CPW-LEDs. The D-CCT can be decreased from 4700K to 2500K, and the LO can be increased from 600 lm. to 1200 lm. This research can provide the new recommendation for LEDs industry at this time

Trajectoire de numérisation pour mesure On-Machine sur MOCN 5 axes

International audienceL'objectif des travaux présentés est de proposer une méthode de planification de trajectoire de numérisation pour la mesure on-machine (On-machine Measurement-OMM) dans une machine-outil 5 axes. Compte tenu des 5 degrés de liberté et de la rotation de la broche, il est possible d'améliorer l'accessibilité du capteur. Le capteur laser-plan positionné dans la broche permet de réduire le temps de mesure ; permettant ainsi une prise de décision rapide concernant la conformité géométrique de la pièce fabriquée et les corrections d'usinage potentielles. La planification de trajectoire de numérisation est basée sur le contrôle du recouvrement entre deux passes consécutives en gérant les orientations et le taux de couverture du faisceau laser. Par conséquent, la qualité et le temps de numérisation peuvent être contrôlés en optimisant les zones de recouvrement. Cette méthode est une adaptation pour une machine-outil à 5 axes résultant d'une méthode précédente développée pour un robot à 6 axes. Mots-clés-Mesure on-machine, Capteur laser plan, Recouvrement, Machine-outil 5 axes, Numérisatio

Hybrid decode-amplify and forward protocol of FD EH relaying network: outage probability analysis

Nowadays, many research papers focus on the WPCN problem and how to improve its efficiency. In this research, we propose and investigate Hybrid Decode-Amplify and Forward Protocol (HDAF) of the Full-Duplex (FD) Energy Harvesting (EH) Relaying Network with the Time Switching (TS) protocol. In the beginning stage, we present the HDAF mode, which can be work like a Decode-and-Amplify (DF) or Amplify-and-Forward (AF) modes based on the best of its performance in the FD EH relaying network. Furthermore, the closed-form expression of the outage probability (OT) is analyzed and derived in connection with the primary system parameters. Besides, the comparison of the system performance in the AF, DF, and HDAF is proposed and investigated. Finally, all the results are convinced by the Monte Carlo simulation for all cases