Holocene evolution of the Chan May coastal embayment, central Vietnam: Changing coastal dynamics associated with decreasing rates of progradation possibly forced by mid- to late-Holocene sea-level changes

Southeast Asian coastal environments are undergoing massive transformations with unprecedented population and infrastructure development. These transformations are occurring on a backdrop of intense natural and anthropogenic environmental change, which are increasing the risk to the burgeoning coastal population. Little is known about how central Vietnamese coastal environments have changed naturally since the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand and how recent anthropogenic change and sea-level variation have affected the coastal system. The Chan May embayment in central Vietnam allows us to examine how recent changes in both anthropogenic development and sea-level change have affected the coastline. The embayment preserves a series of prograding beach ridges and is subject to intense human pressures with the construction of a large economic and industrial park, and expansion of tourist facilities. Using ground penetrating radar and quartz optical dating we identify a switch from 6000 years of prograding beach ridges to transgressive dunes within the past century resulting in a decreasing rate of beach ridge progradation possibly in the last 100 years. The recent modes of sediment deposition through washovers and a transgressive dune indicates that coastal progradation has slowed and might have stopped

Solving the Longest Simple Path Problem with Constraint-Based Techniques

The longest simple path problem on graphs arises in a variety of context, e.g., information retrieval, VLSI design, robot patrolling. Given an undirected weighted graph G = (V, E), the problem consists of finding the longest simple path (i.e., no vertex occurs more than once) on G. We propose in this paper an exact and a tabu search algorithm for solving this problem. We show that our techniques give competitive results on different kinds of graphs, compared with recent genetic algorithms

Time-dependent flow in arrested states – transient behaviour

The transient behaviour of highly concentrated colloidal liquids and dynamically arrested states (glasses) under time-dependent shear is reviewed. This includes both theoretical and experimental studies and comprises the macroscopic rheological behaviour as well as changes in the structure and dynamics on a microscopic individual-particle level. The microscopic and macroscopic levels of the systems are linked by a comprehensive theoretical framework which is exploited to quantitatively describe these systems while they are subjected to an arbitrary flow history. Within this framework, theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data, which were gathered by rheology and confocal microscopy experiments, and display consistent results. Particular emphasis is given to (i) switch-on of shear flow during which the system can liquify, (ii) switch-off of shear flow which might still leave residual stresses in the system, and (iii) large amplitude oscillatory shearing. The competition between timescales and the dependence on flow history leads to novel features in both the rheological response and the microscopic structure and dynamics.Comment: Review article, 16 pages, 4 figure

Measurement of the BB−^{-} →\rightarrow DD0^{0}ℓ\ell−^{-}νˉ\bar{\nu}ℓ_{\ell} Branching Fraction in 62.8 fb−1^{-1} of Belle II data

We report a measurement of the branching fraction of the semileptonic decay $B$$^{-}$ $\rightarrow$ $D$$^{0}$$\ell$$^{-}$$\bar{\nu}$$_{\ell}$ (and its charge conjugate) using 62.8 fb$^{-1}$ of $\Upsilon$(4$S$) $\rightarrow$ $B$$\bar{B}$ data recorded by the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric-energy $e$$^{+}$ $e$$^{-}$ collider. The neutral charm meson is searched for in the decay mode $D$$^{0}$ $\rightarrow$ $K$$^{-}$ $\pi$$^{+}$ and combined with a properly charged identified lepton (electron or muon) to reconstruct this decay. No reconstruction of the second $B$ meson in the $\Upsilon$(4$S$) event is performed. We obtain $B$($D$$^{0}$$\ell$$^{-}$$\bar{\nu}$$_{\ell}$) = (2.29 $\pm$ 0.05 $_{stat}$ $\pm$ 0.08$_{syst}$, in agreement with the world average of this decay. We also determine the ratio of the electron to muon branching fractions to be $R$($e$/$\mu$) = 1.04 $\pm$ 0.05$_{stat}$ $\pm$ 0.03$_{syst}$ and observe no deviation from lepton universality