ベトナム ノ カントーシ ニオケル トシ ノ カクダイ ト トチ ヒフク ノ ヘンカ オヨビ ハンラン シンスイ エノ エイキョウ

博士(創造都市)大阪市立大

Possible Impact from Foreign Bank Presence to the Performance of Local Commercial Banks in Vietnam

Research on the impact of the presence of foreign banks on the domestic banking industry in particular is a popular topic for policy implications. The paper examines whether the presence of foreign banks improves the performance of domestic commercial banks in Vietnam. On the sample of 26 domestic commercial banks and 9 fully foreign-owned banks in Vietnam in the period 2009-2018, the research result shows that the presence of foreign banks reduces the profitability of domestic commercial banks, whereas does not have any impact on their operating costs, showing that the combination of spillover effects and competition effects has not caused a positive impact on Vietnamese banking industry. This result leads to policy implications that competition and the introduction of substitute products should be promoted, in order to make good use of the benefits of the entry of foreign banks. Keywords: foreign bank presence, bank performance, spillover effect, competition effect. JEL Classifications: G21, G34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.929

Bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid in de praktijk

__Samenvatting__ Een van de mogelijkheden om de schade van wanbestuur te beperken, is het aansprakelijk stellen van de bestuurders die deze schade hebben veroorzaakt. Waar de mogelijkheid van een externe aansprakelijkheidsprocedure veelvuldig wordt benut, lijkt het veel minder vaak voor te komen dat een interne aansprakelijkheidsprocedure wordt gestart, door de rechtspersoon tegen de eigen (ex-)bestuurders. In deze bijdrage brengen wij daarom de redenen in kaart die meespelen in de beslissing om bestuurders al dan niet aansprakelijk te stellen. Inzicht in de beweegredenen van betrokkenen kan licht werpen op de werking van artikel 2:9 BW in de praktijk, en op eventuele belemmeringen die aan het aansprakelijk stellen in de weg staan. Daarmee kan een indruk ontstaan van de wijze waarop de beoogde functies van interne bestuurdersaansprakelijkheid in de praktijk worden vervuld

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE AND THEIR ENGLISH-SPEAKING PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH-MAJORED STUDENTS AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN VIETNAM

This research aimed to discover the relationships between students' self-confidence and their English-speaking performance. In our research, self-confidence was divided into three components which are affective confidence, behavioral confidence, and cognitive confidence. In addition, speaking performance included eight components which are vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, fluency, coherence, comprehension, task, and content. A sample of 150 English-majored students at a university in Vietnam was surveyed in this study by using a convenience sampling technique, and then conducting semi-structured interviews to seek for qualitative information from 10 participants out of 150. The result from our study showed that there are significant relationships between the two variables. The more confident the students are, the more accomplished they would be in the presenting procedure since they have superior cognition and understand how to modify their learning methods to build a comprehensive individual in learning English language. We expect that these findings can help students adjust their learning methods to improve their self-confidence as well as English speaking performance and by that way, universities can add more speaking-related subjects so that students can have more opportunities to speak and learn more speaking skills.  Article visualizations

Adrenal hormones mediate disease tolerance in malaria

Malaria reduces host fitness and survival by pathogen-mediated damage and inflammation. Disease tolerance mechanisms counter these negative effects without decreasing pathogen load. Here, we demonstrate that in four different mouse models of malaria, adrenal hormones confer disease tolerance and protect against early death, independently of parasitemia. Surprisingly, adrenalectomy differentially affects malaria-induced inflammation by increasing circulating cytokines and inflammation in the brain but not in the liver or lung. Furthermore, without affecting the transcription of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes, adrenalectomy causes exhaustion of hepatic glycogen and insulin-independent lethal hypoglycemia upon infection. This hypoglycemia is not prevented by glucose administration or TNF-alpha neutralization. In contrast, treatment with a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) prevents the hypoglycemia, lowers cerebral cytokine expression and increases survival rates. Overall, we conclude that in malaria, adrenal hormones do not protect against lung and liver inflammation. Instead, they prevent excessive systemic and brain inflammation and severe hypoglycemia, thereby contributing to tolerance