Further Discussion On Applying Case Study Method In Investment Law Course – A Case Of Education Investment In Vietnam

Purpose: The aim of this study is to focus on clarifying using case study method to improve taching law course. Currently, many universities around the world are applying a new teaching method. It can help students absorb knowledge more efficiently and faster. That is the case study. Using a Case Study allows a deeper understanding of cases as a unit, through comparing the similarities and differences of individual cases. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods, together with studies and references from CPTPP, FTA Agreement, as well as Regulations on assurance of business investment activities. Findings: The application of this method to teaching helps learners to approach very applicable situations. The situations or problems close to the theory will also help them to systematize all the knowledge they have learned to apply to solve the assigned problem. Not only use the knowledge learned, but also learn related knowledge outside the program to solve the problem. Case Study is an extremely interesting and interesting learning method, helping us to associate reality and apply it to solve problems and help us remember longer. If you really understand what a case study is, then apply it to your life and work. The results show the regulations on guaranteeing ownership rights as well as ensuring investors' business investment activities have been clearly stipulated in the 2020 Labor Law of Vietnam. These regulations have concretized the constitutional principle of investors' freedom to invest and do business in industries that are not prohibited by la

The Optimal Point for Fiscal Decentralization

The paper’s purpose is to shed more light on the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economy and determine whether or not a tipping point can be identified as an optimal point of fiscal decentralization. To do so, we proposed a new theoretical model to link two measurements of fiscal decentralization such as fiscal autonomy and fiscal importance to provincial GDP, and then apply our model with panel data to provincial GDP of Vietnam over ten years and across 56 provinces to test the significance of the impact of fiscal decentralization on the economy and compute the optimal point of fiscal decentralization. Generalized linear model with maximum likelihood method was applied to estimate coefficients in the analytical model. The results of empirical analysis indicated that our model is statistically significant and there exists an optimal point for fiscal decentralization with value captured is 7.33 of fiscal autonomy index and 0.25 of fiscal importance index. Additionally, the study also investigated that the fiscal decentralization would become a positively influential element on the economy, if the degree of fiscal decentralization underlies the optimal point. If the degree of fiscal decentralization exceeds the optimal point, however, it would affect  negatively on the economy. Keyword: Fiscal decentralization, Optimal point, Provincial GD

The Role of Tax in Managing Offshore Fishing Activities: An Application of Bioeconomic Model

The paper’s purpose is to light up the role of tax in managing offshore fishing activities. It was conducted by considering two management regimes; (1) assumes that the number of fishing firms is finite and defined as a restricted access regime, and (2) the number of fishing firms is infinite, which is regarded as an open access regime, to enter into a coastal nation’s fisheries. Each management regime is linked to two policy goals; namely, the maximum sustainable biomass yield and maximum sustainable economic yield goal. The Verhulst Schaefer model and Wachsman model were employed to estimate the biological parameters and economic analysis. The results of empirical analysis indicated that a coastal nation could control the effort and stock through adjusting the fishing fee that can be determined as a tax policy. More especially, if a coastal nation didn’t charge any fee level on fishing firms, even though the number of firms was restricted, the stock still was under acceptable level, which leads to the depletion and potential collapse risk of fisheries. Additionally, a coastal nation could adopt one of four fee levels such as rMSBY (0.3378), rMSEY (0.5071), r’MSBY (0.3623), and r’MSEY (0.5165) depending on each management regime and policy goal selected. However, it would be better if the coastal nation selects the open access regime, and then charges on fishing firms at level of r’MSBY or r’MSEY. Keywords: Tax, Fishing Management regime, Policy goal Classification: JEL, Q 2

Evaluation of Lecture Hall Service and Infrastructures Construction Rules of Vietnam Universities Via A Case of Neu in Hanoi

Building a university design regulations and standards is not only necessary for units in the industry but also contributes to bringing to society modern educational models, suitable to the economic conditions of the country. The standard applies to the design, renovation and new design of university buildings throughout Vietnam, based on the document issued by the Ministry of Construction No. TCVN 3981:1985. This paper also suggest: Improve the quality of the teaching /lecture service staff. First, Develop a reasonable monitoring, evaluation and reward mechanism to motivate people to work hard; Second, Each faculty member on duty has a job description with clear responsibilities, rights and obligations; Third, Conduct ongoing training. It is necessary to regularly organize training and training courses on serving, communicating, and dealing with customers

Extent to which people perceive and accept Covid-19 vaccines in north central Vietnam

To achieve herd immunity against Covid-19, the willingness of residents to get vaccinated and successful vaccination policies go hand in hand. This paper aims to understand the perceptions, acceptance, hesitation, and refusal of Covid-19 vaccines in Nghe An, Vietnam. We used an online survey to collect data during March of 2021. The Bayesian regression model (BRM) was used to identify the factors affecting vaccination decisions. The empirical results show that respondents’ livelihoods were considerably affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and there was a subtle difference in Covid-19 impacts on the lives of urban residents and their rural counterparts. In addition, respondents reported an overall positive attitude towards Covid-19 vaccination in which 84.28% were willing to get vaccinated, 14.85% were hesitant, and 0.87% refused vaccination. Their vaccination decisions were associated with vaccine side effects, information, income, job type, gender, and trust in government. Our findings offer policy implications for devising strategies for vaccine distribution in the study area and beyond

Anti–inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the ethanol extract of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum turcz in copper sulfate‐induced inflammation in zebrafish

Oxidative stress and inflammation are commonly present in many chronic diseases. These responses are closely related to pathophysiological processes. The inflammatory process can induce oxidative stress and vice versa through the activation of multiple pathways. Therefore, agents with antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory activities are very useful in the treatment of many pathologies. Clerodendrum cyrthophyllum Turcz, a plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family, is used in Vietnamese traditional medicine for treating migraine, hypertension, inflammation of the throat, and rheumatic arthritis. Despite its usefulness, studies on its biological properties are still scarce. In this study, ethanol extract (EE) of leaves of C. cyrtophyllum showed protective activity against CuSO4 toxicity. The protective activity was proven to relate to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. EE exhibited relatively high antioxidant activity (IC50 of 16.45 µg/mL) as measured by DPPH assay. In an in vivo anti-antioxidant test, three days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae were treated with different concentrations of EE for 1 h and then exposed to 10 µM CuSO4 for 20 min to induce oxidative stress. Fluorescent probes were used to detect and quantify oxidative stress by measuring the fluorescent intensity (FI) in larvae. FI significantly decreased in the presence of EE at 5 and 20 µg/mL, demonstrating EE’s profound antioxidant effects, reducing or preventing oxidative stress from CuSO4. Moreover, the co-administration of EE also protected zebrafish larvae against oxidative damage from CuSO4 through down-regulation of hsp70 and gadd45bb expression and upregulation of sod. Due to copper accumulation in zebrafish tissues, the damage and oxidative stress were exacerbated overtime, resulting in the upregulation of genes related to inflammatory processes such as cox-2, pla2, c3a, mpo, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-1ß, il-8, tnf-α, and il-10, respectively). However, the association of CuSO4 with EE significantly decreased the expression of cox-2, pla2, c3a, mpo, il-8, and il-1ß. Taken together, the results suggest that EE has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may be useful in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases

Revisiting the iron pools in cucumber roots: identification and localization

Iron may accumulate in various chemical forms during its uptake and assimilation in roots. The permanent and transient Fe microenvironments formed during these processes in cucumber which takes up Fe in a reduction based process (Strategy I), have been investigated. The identification of Fe microenvironments was carried out with 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and immunoblotting, whereas reductive washing and high resolution microscopy was applied for the localization. In plants supplied with 57FeIII-citrate, a transient presence of Fe-carboxylates in removable forms and the accumulation of partly removable, amorphous hydrous ferric oxide/hydroxyde have been identified in the apoplast and on the root surface, respectively. The latter may at least partly be the consequence of bacterial activity at the root surface. Ferritin accumulation did not occur at optimal Fe supply. Under Fe deficiency, highly soluble ferrous hexaaqua complex is transiently formed along with the accumulation of Fe-carboxylates, likely Fe-citrate. As 57Fe-citrate is non-removable from the root samples of Fe deficient plants the major site of accumulation is suggested to be the root xylem. Reductive washing results in another ferrous microenvironment remaining in the root apoplast, the FeII-bipyridyl complex, which accounts for ~30% of the total Fe content of the root samples treated for 10 min and rinsed with CaSO4 solution. When 57FeIII-EDTA or 57FeIII-EDDHA was applied as Fe-source higher soluble ferrous Fe accumulation was accompanied by a lower total Fe content, confirming that chelates are more efficient in maintaining soluble Fe in the medium while less stable natural complexes as Fe-citrate may perform better in Fe accumulation

Does a voltage-sensitive outer envelope transport mechanism contribute to the chloroplast iron uptake?

Although iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in chloroplast physiology, only few pieces of information are available on the mechanisms of chloroplast Fe acquisition. Here, the effect of inorganic salts on the Fe uptake of intact chloroplasts was tested, assessing Fe and transition metal uptake using bathophenantroline-based spectrophotometric detection and plasma emission coupled mass spectrometry, respectively. The microenvironment of Fe was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Transition metal cations (Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) enhanced, whereas oxoanions (NO3-, SO42- and BO33-) reduced the chloroplast Fe uptake. The effect was insensitive to diuron (DCMU), an inhibitor of chloroplast inner envelope associated Fe uptake. The inorganic salts affected neither Fe forms in the uptake assay buffer nor those incorporated into the chloroplasts. The significantly lower Zn and Mn uptake compared to that of Fe indicates that different mechanisms/transporters are involved in their acquisition. The enhancing effect of transition metals on chloroplast Fe uptake is likely related to outer envelope-associated processes since divalent metal cations are known to inhibit Fe2+ transport across the inner envelope. Thus, a voltage-dependent step is proposed to play a role in Fe uptake through the chloroplast outer envelope on the basis of the contrasting effects of transition metal cations and oxoaninons