Remarks

The US proposal for the Hague Conference to prepare a recognition and enforcement convention is a proposal for multilateral negotiations by the member states of the Hague Conference that would involve many states besides the US

Suppression of spin relaxation in an InAs nanowire double quantum dot

We investigate the triplet-singlet relaxation in a double quantum dot defined by top-gates in an InAs nanowire. In the Pauli spin blockade regime, the leakage current can be mainly attributed to spin relaxation. While at weak and strong inter-dot coupling relaxation is dominated by two individual mechanisms, the relaxation is strongly reduced at intermediate coupling and finite magnetic field. In addition we observe a charateristic bistability of the spin-non conserving current as a function of magnetic field. We propose a model where these features are explained by the polarization of nuclear spins enabled by the interplay between hyperfine and spin-orbit mediated relaxation.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Self-aligned charge read-out for InAs nanowire quantum dots

A highly sensitive charge detector is realized for a quantum dot in an InAs nanowire. We have developed a self-aligned etching process to fabricate in a single step a quantum point contact in a two-dimensional electron gas and a quantum dot in an InAs nanowire. The quantum dot is strongly coupled to the underlying point contact which is used as a charge detector. The addition of one electron to the quantum dot leads to a change of the conductance of the charge detector by typically 20%. The charge sensitivity of the detector is used to measure Coulomb diamonds as well as charging events outside the dot. Charge stability diagrams measured by transport through the quantum dot and charge detection merge perfectly.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Zeeman ratchets for ballistic spin currents

We investigate the possiblity of creating directed spin-polarized currents in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) subject to an asymmetric magnetic field and an external adiabatic driving. We thereby generalize concepts of quantum charge ratchets to the case with spin. Due to the Zeeman term in the Hamiltonian, spin-up and -down electrons experience different effective potentials, which can be tailored to achieve net spin currents without corresponding charge currents. We consider ballistic, coherent transport in waveguides defined in a 2DEG, where the magnetic field modulation is induced by ferromagnetic stripes on top of the 2DEG.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in physica status solidi (c) (2006

The Developing Jurisprudence Of The Rights Of The Child - Contributions Of The Hague Conference On Private International Law

I would like this morning to discuss with you three multilateral treaties produced since 1980 by the international organization known as the Hague Conference on Private International La

Rizinuscocktail: die Ermittlung bester Vorhersagewerte für eine erfolgreiche Geburtseinleitung : Praxisprojekt in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Zürcher Stadtspital Triemli

Darstellung des Themas: Durch den stetigen Anstieg der Geburtseinleitungen stellt sich die Frage, ob sich der Einsatz von Uterotonika verringern und durch alternative Methoden ersetzen lässt. Um den natürlichen Geburtsprozess zu fördern, wird teilweise in der Geburtshilfe der Rizinuscocktail zur Wehenstimulierung eingesetzt. Ziel: Unter Einbezug von soziodemografischen Parametern sollen die besten Vorhersagewerte für eine erfolgreiche Geburtseinleitung mittels des Rizinuscocktails ermittelt werden. Zudem soll herausgearbeitet werden, inwiefern sich das peripartale Outcome zwischen der Rizinus- und der Medikamentengruppe unterscheidet. Methode: Die prospektive, nicht kontrollierte Beobachtungsstudie berücksichtigte 96 Schwangere. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte im Jahr 2017 anhand eines standardisierten Datenblattes im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaftskontrolle, welches postpartum ergänzt wurde. Eine retrospektive Zusatzerhebung lieferte Informationen bezüglich maternalem und fetalem Outcome. Die Daten wurden mittels parametrischen und nichtparametrischen Tests analysiert. Ergebnisse: Gesamthaft entwickelten nach Rizinuscocktaileinnahme 69.8 % (n=67) der Frauen eine suffiziente Wehentätigkeit, im Vergleich zu 30.2 % (n= 29) welche zusätzliche Uterotonika benötigten. Multiparen (p=0.017) und Frauen mit einem Bishopscore ≥5 (p=0.027), entwickelten signifikant häufiger suffiziente Wehen. Bezüglich peripartalen Faktoren wies die Rizinusgruppe signifikant häufiger eine kürzere Geburtsdauer (p=0.014) sowie vermehrt Spontangeburten (p=0.004) auf. Schlussfolgerung: Der Rizinuscocktail kann unter gegebenen Voraussetzungen als eine gute Alternative zur medikamentösen Geburtseinleitung betrachtet werden, bedarf jedoch weiterer Forschung

Can we make participatory NTFP monitoring work? Lessons learnt from the development of a multi-stakeholder system in Northern Laos

Monitoring natural resources is essential for their successful and sustainable management. Community participation should enable local people to take ownership of the monitoring and ensure that it is cost-effective. But even then, success is often elusive. We developed a participatory Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP) monitoring system in 6 upland villages of Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR, using focus group discussions, interviews, village meetings and direct observations. We used simple approaches to select resources, discuss issues, and develop a cost-effective NTFP monitoring system. Communities usually relied on shifting cultivation, fishing and collection of NTFPs. Gold mining activities affected livelihoods in three villages, which had better access to markets. Participatory monitoring looks less successful when external economic pressures or a major environmental threat disturbs local livelihoods. In the case of gold mining, we observed the prioritization of villagers' activities towards this sudden new economic opportunity. In contrast, communities not impacted by mining participated more actively in data collection. They understood how the data could be used to influence the local government, to achieve more beneficial land management for all stakeholders concerned. We believe that participatory NTFP monitoring can work and is an important tool for decision-making and economic empowerment for local communities. We identified the conditions under which participatory NTFP monitoring could work: reaching a shared understanding of what needs to be monitored and how; testing and refining a simple monitoring system; and integrating local government concerns with those of other stakeholders. (Résumé d'auteur