Biological targets in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive review of current and in-development biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs

Enhanced understanding of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology and the role of cytokines has enabled the development of innovative biological agents in the last 10 years that target specific parts of the immune response. Failure to achieve adequate response with traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and increasing evidence of ongoing radiographic deterioration of the affected joints despite seemingly clinical response were essential stimuli for the development of biologics. The current and upcoming biological agents are primarily aimed at neutralizing circulating and cell-bound pro-inflammatory cytokines, interfering in the interaction of antigen-presenting and T-lymphocytes, eliminating circulating B-lymphocytes or by interfering with the intracellular signaling mechanisms of immuno-competent cells that lead to inflammation. These agents have improved the currently available treatments due to greater efficacy, fast action and greater tolerability. However, use of these agents has also been associated with significant, although rare, adverse events and considerable cost. Therefore, these agents should be used with caution by experienced clinicians. The present work aims to provide a global and updated review of the current and in-development biological DMARDs for the treatment of RA

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF CROSSFIT TOOLS IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS

There is justified in the article the importance of the need to improve physical education process for high school students with CrossFit tools.There have occurred positive changes in high school students’ dynamics in the EG in functional indicators and physical preparation in the experiment condition.The optimization of physical education process for high school pupils with CrossFit tools. There were observed the indicators of physical condition of organism, physical preparation and experimentally checked the effectiveness of the program with CrossFit tools implemented into physical education process. There were 63 pupils as participants in the research (boys, 16 years old). Analysis of literature sources, phyiological methods of research, pedagogical researches (control norms passing); pedagogical experiment; mathematical statistics methods. There is presented and scientifically justified program of CrossFit tools implementation into physical education lessons for high scool pupils. The content of progam includes combination of power and aerobic exercises, stretching, and exercises to restore breath and to relax muscles. The elaborated program is implemented into studying program and there was proved its effectiveness. The results of research have shown its positive impact on fucntional indicators and physical preparation of hish school pupils, that is proved by mathematical statistics methods.