Efektivitas Sari Buah Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbil) sebagai Larvasida Alami terhadap Nyamuk Aedessp

Latar Belakang: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbiL.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dimanfaatkan sehari-hari sebagai bumbu masakan. Buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbiL.) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida, kandungan belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbiL.) yang dapat berfungsi sebagai larvasida yaitu alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) sebagai larvasida nyamuk Aedes sp. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat Experimental laboratories dengan rancangan post test only control group, subjek dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian ini adalah larva Aedessp yang di ovitrap sebanyak 350 larva. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektifitas buah belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbiL.) kematian larva Aedes sp dalam waktu 24 jam dinyatakan tidak efektif pada konsentrasi 2%, 3%, dan 4% sedangkan yang dinyatakan efektif yaitu pada konsentrasi 5%, 6%, 7% dan 8%. Hasil perhitungan analisis probit didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai LC50 adalah 4,080% dan LC90 adalah 7,014%. Kesimpulan: Belimbing wuluh efektif sebagai larvasida alami nyamuk Aedes sp. Saran: Bagi masyarakat dapat menggunakan buah belimbing wuluh sebagai alternatif lain untuk pemberantasan nyamuk Aedes sp

Subjective localization of electrocutaneous stimuli

Studying the perception of spatiotemporal stimulus patterns in various modalities may yield important information on the way in which humans process sensory information. The perception of tactile and nociceptive cutaneous stimulus patterns have been studied by Stolle et al. [1] and Trojan et al. [2][4] respectively. Among other things, both authors studied subjective localization of single stimuli. In Trojan et al. [4], two types of mislocalization patterns were observed for nociceptive single stimuli when comparing the localization reports with the stimulus locations: (1) overall proximal or distal displacement and (2) expansion or contraction of the stimulus area.\ud It is unknown whether tactile and nociceptive stimuli at the same skin site are perceived as being at the same site. Therefore, comparing the spatial perception of tactile and nociceptive cutaneous stimuli may provide new insights into their processing. This comparison can only be successfully made by applying nociceptive and tactile stimuli at the same skin site in the same experiment. This can be done by using a device which has recently been developed at our institute and which we refer to as the bimodal stimulation electrode [3]. \ud Recording the perceived locations of stimuli can be done by letting subjects report these on a scale. The most intuitive scale for this is the stimulated arm itself. However, this would bias the perception of stimulus location by providing visual information of the electrode locations. The goal of the present research was to (1) create and (2) test a setup which allows subjects to report perceived stimulus locations on their own arm without seeing the electrode positions. This was achieved by building a setup consisting of a touch screen (Provision Visboard) which presents a digital image of the subject’s own arm (without electrodes) and which is positioned over this arm after the electrodes have been attached. Subjects can report the localizations by pointing at the screen using a pointer

SERTIFIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH DAN IMPLIKASI TERHADAP KEPASTIAN KEPEMILIKAN TANAH

Indonesia adalah negara agraris yang sangat kaya akan sumber daya alam yang berpotensi besar bagi pengembangan kehidupan manusia. Sebagai sebuah negara agraris, hampir seluruh kebutuhan manusia dikelolah dan diperoleh berdasarkan pengelolahan sumberdaya agraria tersebut. Oleh karena itu, kiranya sangat mendesak bagi negara untuk menciptakan keteraturan dalam upaya pengelolahannya. Upaya menciptakan keteraturan dalam pengelolahan agraria sudah sejak lama menjadi sebuah kemendesakan, bukan hanya di negara Indonesia, namun di seluruh dunia.  Dalam konteks negara indonesia, pembuatan sertifikat tanah pada umumnya melalui beberapa mekanisme sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang, yakni: a) Pengajuan permohonan/pendaftaran hak atas tanah melalui loket II; b) Pemeriksaan kelengkapan berkas permohonan/pendaftaran oleh petugas loket II; c) Penerbitan TTBP (Tanda Terima Berkas Permohonan/Pendaftaran) oleh petugas Loket II; d) Pembayaran oleh pemohon/pendaftar di loket III; e) Penerbitan kuitansi pembayaran dan surat tanda bukti pendaftaran dan pembayaran oleh petugas loket III, yang diserahkan kepada pemohon/pendaftar; f) Proses pendaftaran tanah dari pengukuran, pengumuman, pembukuan, serta penerbitan sertifikat; dan g) Pengambilan sertifikat di loket IV oleh pemohon/pendaftar, dengan menunjukkan surat keterangan pendaftaran tanah. Mekanisme ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara: Konversi hak atas tanah, Konversi peralihan hak, dan Pendaftaran Tanah Kedua. Bahwa sertifikat hak atas tanah bermplikasi terhadap kepastian kepemilikan tanah. Implikasi positif antara lain dalam hal adanya kepastian hukum hak atas tanah, sistem layanan pendaftaran tanah yang bersih dan tertib, terhindarnya konflik atau pertikaian akibat status sertifikat, dan tercipta kepercayaan masyarakat Terhadap Negara (BPN). Sedangkan Implikasi negatif bisa terjadi dalam hal produk hukum sertifikat yang salah akibat kelalaian, adanya kriminalisasi dalam pendaftaran tanah, dan pemalsuan sertifikat. Kata Kunci : Sertifikat, Tana

Modelling of simultaneous mass and heat transfer with chemical reaction using the Maxwell-Stefan theory II. Non-isothermal study

In Part I a general applicable model has been developed which calculates mass and heat transfer fluxes through a vapour/gas-liquid interface in case a reversible chemical reaction with associated heat effect takes place in the liquid phase. In this model the Maxwell-Stefan theory has been used to describe the mass transport. Also in Part I the isothermal absorption of a pure gas A in a solvent containing a reactive component B has been studied. In this paper the influence of thermal effects on the mass transfer rates is investigated, with special attention to the concentrated systems. The thermal effects arise as a consequence of enthalpy changes due to phase transitions and chemical reaction. Account is taken of the influence of temperature gradients on (i) the solubility of the gaseous component in the liquid phase, (ii) the chemical reaction rate and (iii) the mass transfer coefficients in the liquid phase. Numerical simulations show that, when compared to the corresponding isothermal case, the thermal effects can affect the mass transfer rates by as much as a factor of 30. In case of high Lewis numbers the numerically calculated mass transfer rates can very well be predicted from an approximate analytical expression, which has been presented in this paper. In most cases this is also a reasonable estimate of the mass transfer rate in case the Lewis number equals unity. In case of a second-order chemical reaction it was shown that thermal effects may change the maximum enhancement factor and consequently shift the absorption from the instantaneous regime to the pseudo-first-order regime. Further, it is concluded that there may exist non-isothermal gas-li1uid absorption systems where minor changes in parameters appearing in the heat balance, e.g. binary mass transfer coefficients, chemical reaction rate constant, Lé number or heat transfer coefficients, may result in drastically altered system behaviour. For situations in which thermal effects are significant, also the vaporization of the liquid mixture should be taken into account, especially when the calculated interface temperature is near or exceeds the boiling temperature of the liquid

Measurements of solids concentration and axial solids velocity in gas-solid two-phase flows.

Several techniques reported in the literature for measuring solids concentration and solids velocity in (dense) gas-solid two-phase flow have been briefly reviewed. An optical measuring system, based on detection of light reflected by the suspended particles, has been developed to measure local solids concentration and local axial solids velocity in dense gas-solid two phase flows. This system has been applied to study hydrodynamics of a cold-flow circulating fluidized bed unit operated in the dense flow regime (uD: 7.5¿15 m s¿1 and Gs = 100¿400 kg m¿2 s¿). With increasing solids mass flux, at constant superficial gas velocity, lateral solids segregation became more pronounced (i.e. extent of development of core-annulus structure) while the radial profiles of axial solids velocity hardly changed. A decrease in superficial gas velocity, at constant solids mass flux, also augmented the lateral solids segregation. The axial solids velocity decreased over the entire tube radius, although the shape of the profiles showed no strong dependence with respect to the superficial gas velocity. Average solids mass fluxes calculated from the measured local values of solids concentration and solids velocity exceeded the imposed solids mass flux, a finding which could be explained by the downflow observed visually of solid particles close to the tube wall. In addition, cross-sectional averaged solids concentrations obtained on the basis of the optical measuring system and those obtained from the pressure gradient measurements showed satisfactory agreement

The Effect of Adding Carrot Flour (Daucus carota L) to The Nutritional Value and Organoleptic Snakehead Fish Nuggets (Channa striata)

Nuggets are one of the results of fishery diversification as a practical and fast food. The aim of this study to determine the effect of adding carrot flour (Daucus carota L) on the nutritional value and organoleptic of snakehead fish nuggets (Channa striata). The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The best test results for the nutritional value of snakehead fish nuggets were the Addition of 75 grams of carrot flour to a weight of 500 grams of snakehead fish meat which had a water content of 33.36%, protein content of 25.30%, ash content of 2.45%, fat content of 19.09% and carbohydrate content of 19.79%. The best organoleptic test results were the Addition of 75 grams of carrot flour to a weight of 500 grams of snakehead fish meat based on preference and willingness on the average nugget taste of 5.8, average nugget color 5.8, average nugget aroma 5.9 and average nugget texture 5.9 . The best result of the nugget effectiveness index test was the Addition of 75% carrot flour to the weight of 500 grams of snakehead fish meat with an effectiveness index value of 0.57.Nugget merupakan salah satu produk hasil diversifikasi perikanan sebagai makanan yang praktis dan cepat saji. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung wortel (Daucus carota L) terhadap nilai gizi dan organoleptik nugget ikan gabus (Channa striata).  Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan.  Hasil uji nilai gizi nugget ikan gabus yang terbaik adalah penambahan tepung wortel 75gram dari berat 500gram daging ikan gabus memiliki kadar air 33.36%, kadar protein 25.30%, kadar abu 2.45%, kadar lemak 19.09% dan kadar karbohidrat 19.79%. Hasil uji organoleptik yang terbaik adalah penambahan tepung wortel 75gram dari berat 500 gram daging ikan gabus berdasarkan kesukaan dan kemauan terhadap rasa nugget rata-rata 5.8, warna nugget rata-rata 5.8, aroma nugget rata-rata 5.9 dan tekstur nugget rata-rata 5.9.  Hasil terbaik dari uji indeks efektivitas nugget adalah penambahan tepung wortel 75 dari berat 500gram daging ikan gabus dengan nilai indeks efektivitas sebesar 0.57

Analisis Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Realisasi Kredit Mikro Pada Bank Cimb Niaga Unit Subrantas

Bank as a financial institution that has a role as a financial intermediary, has 3 functions: gathers funds from the excess funds, disburse funds on behalf of a shortage of funds and provide services to other services. Bank as a financial institution can help the party with disburse funds shortage of credit. Granting credit must also be accompanied by the appropriate policies of the Government.Credit that would have been realized had passed the stage of credit analysis undertaken by the bank. As for credit analysis performed by the bank includes principle 5 c. credit must be realized to every customer affected by several factors such as: the value of guarantees, income, Loan history and working capital needs.This study uses secondary data analysis and use descriptive statistics. As for knowing how the realization of credit at the Bank CIMB Niaga Subrantas units as well as the factors that affected it, that is with the use of quantitative analysis by using multiple linear regression. Data processing using the computer program with software SPSS 15.These results indicate that the value of collateral, working capital requirements and income have a real influence on the amount of credits allocated. It is seen from each variable has a value rhitung > rtable, and a significance value of each variable is smaller than 0.05.Keywords: Bank, Credit, realization, analysi