E-JUSTICE SYSTEM IN BULGARIA: ELECTRONIC TOOLS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF E-JUSTICE

E-pārvalde ir Bulgārijas valdības politikas prioritāte. Tā ir minēta kā izeja no ekonomiskās krīzes, lai mazinātu korupciju un administratīvās izmaksas, kā arī palielinātu varas caurskatāmību. Tiesu sistēmas reforma ir neapšaubāmi saistīta ar vienu no galvenajiem e-pārvaldes jēdzieniem – e-tiesiskuma ieviešanu. Ļaujot pilsoņiem aizstāvēt savas procesuālās tiesības elektroniski, tiek sperts solis uz priekšu moderna valsts pārvaldes aparāta un pilsoniskās sabiedrības attīstībā. Citu ES dalībvalstu prakse e-tiesiskuma jomā ietver informācijas un komunikācijas tehnoloģiju ieviešanu tiesvedībā un tiesu administrācijā, kā arī tiesiskās informācijas un tiesisko dokumentu elektronisku pieejamību

Bestact – Software for Visualization of Digitalized Family Registers and Civil Status Acts

The introduction of new IT in public administration is a prerequisite for improving its efficiency and improving the administrative services. According to the legal requirements registers of civil status acts are formed for each municipality, stored in the territorial units Directorate "General Civil Registration and Administrative Services" for 130 years, then transferred to the State Archives. The oldest family registers are from the 1893 and their physical state in most municipalities is very bad. The logical outcome of the situation is the digitalization of these records. The software BestAct, developed by the author is planned, designed and developed to automate the handling of old family registers and civil status acts. Visualization of digitalized family registers and civil status has the ability to search by criteria. Keywords: IT, digitalization, registers and civil status acts, softwar

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN POTENTIAL IN KAZAKHSTAN’S INNOVATION ECONOMY

In this paper, statistical analysis of indicators of innovative growth in the Republic of Kazakhstan was conducted. The indicators were compared to those of technologically advanced countries, in particular to such indices as: the share of innovation-active enterprises, domestic spending on research and development (Percentage to GDP), total researchers equivalent per thousand total employments, and amount of research conducted. As the results of the academic research, key factors that have a major influence on innovative activity of the SME were determined. Purpose – disclose the nature and content of the human factor of the economy in terms of becoming an innovative society, to examine the role of the human factor in the innovative development of the state. Methodology - Research was composed to measure variation in the economic development and innovation in Kazakhstan required in times of increasing global competition. Conclusions - Today, the State is significantly lagging behind other developed countries according to innovation driven indices. The Republic of Kazakhstan can be competitive by shifting to a new model of economic growth and by rapidly reducing lag. The State requires an effective strategy of innovative development, which consists primarily in the development of human potential and employment of citizens. Integration of education, science and industry, the development of education on the basis of modern science and technology have become today one of the priority directions of economic development

Determination Of The Efficiency Of Implementing Blockchain Technology Into The Logistics Systems

In a supply chain, buyers and suppliers usually try to supply goods or services based on medium or long-term contracts. When executing a supply contract, two partners are required to mutually agree on cooperation in order to successfully respond to uncertain market situations or a supply chain failure. The outcome of the partnership is assessing and considering renewal upon termination of the contract. A partnership after several contract renewals is often viewed as a strategic partnership. Strategic partnership can become more effective and show further growth. Blockchain, which has recently gained attention in the digital commerce market, has technical characteristics that can be used in cooperation between partners. The company’s activity is closely related to the need for cargo transportation. Today, the workflow process of delivery is being complicated by the low speed of the logistics cycle, long flow of documents and the presence of errors in them, and security issues. The objective of the research is to define the improvement of the transport logistics system of an industrial enterprise. To define the efficiency, we need to implement blockchain technology, which will solve existing problems in the field of supply management. In this study, the implementation stages of blockchain technology are considered and profitability is defined for future research. Since the analysis revealed the interdependence and mutual influence of transport and information support in the processes of transportation, we recommend using the performance indicators of the processes of transport and information logistics. Using the method of analyzing the types and consequences of potential problems, it was found that the main reason that the management of a chemical enterprise should first of all pay attention to complex with a continuous production cycle, is the timely execution of all operations preceding the shipment of finished products by a vehicle from the manufacturer. In second place in terms of importance and degree of influence on the transportation process is the execution of documentation, which directly affects the timing of transportation. Their delay leads to a delay in the departure of transport from the territory of the plant and, as a result, the financial costs of storing finished products in and out of the warehouse increase. As a result of the study, the logistics system of enterprises is considered to be one of the most complex and well-functioning mechanism. Despite the wide variety of interpretations of the basic concepts, it is concluded that the study will use the interpretation of definitions such as logistics, transport logistics, system, transport and transport logistics system. The orientation of the implementation of blockchain technology to the technological side of logistics reduces risks and significantly increases stability, since it forms its practical orientation

PROACTIVE PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION ABOUT JUDICIAL CASES AND ACTS OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE

The integration of IT and Internet technologies in the work of the judiciary institutions has become a major factor in the changes in the administration of justice. On the one hand, technology has become accessible to law enforcement agencies and has become an effective means of carrying out their work and managing document flow. On the other hand, ICTs have been made accessible to citizens and users of the justice system and to electronic reporting provided by the judicial authorities and other online services. The potential of technology is to provide more and more new or improved services in the field of justice, as well as the ability of citizens to actively use them.The publication of court documents and the provision of data on court cases electronically via the Internet affects a wide range of public relations and rights enshrined in national and international regulations.One of the main elements of the legislation on the access to information is the principle that public institutions must follow a policy aimed at publishing information of general interest without filing an application, i.e. Proactive publishing policy

Socio-Economic Aspects And Risks Of Urbanization In Kazakhstan

The article presents theoretical and practical issues of urbanization. The paper explores the theoretical concepts of regional development and their specific practical implementation. The statistical data on the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2019 and 2020 are analyzed. An analysis of the factors of urbanization in the regions of the country is made. The relationship between the processes of urbanization and population migration is shown. Regional differences in the level of urbanization of the cities of the republic are given. The paper notes that urbanization should not be an end in itself, but it is only a consequence of the effective distribution of productive forces. An example of the rational management of the urban environment should be a rational system of urban construction, public utilities, all infrastructure and the creation of a comfortable cultural environment. The paper proposes the development of rural entrepreneurship as an alternative. Correlation dependences of interrelation of urbanization with factors of migration, industrialization and economic growth are given. A model of the dependence of urbanization and these factors is proposed. The article also notes that urbanization for Kazakhstan may pose some threat due to the relatively low population density and the decrease in the population of remote settlements and uncontrolled migration of the population. It is necessary to continue researching the processes of urbanization of Kazakhstan in the direction of developing the theory in relation to the characteristics of a country with a low population density. In terms of practical recommendations, our research should provide some incentive to further control migration processes and increase the level of industrialization of the regions of Kazakhstan

„Huffinizacja” treści medialnych

“Huffinization” of media content Convergence has contributed to placing some media contents on different electronic platforms. Bloggers and internet users have almost taken professional journalist’s place. The evolution has affected all branches of media sector, the citizen journalism has entered into the new media and social networks have become a source of information for many people. New models of media content management are primarily targeted at reducing costs and increasing profits and at splitting off from the traditional bilateral management model. In the modern chaos of information overload society needs to have not only free, clear and segregated media content available from a variety of devices but also to share their opinion with others.Such demand was sensed by Arianna Huffington who created the whole media empire counting more than 100 million readers from all over the world. She has created a huge opinion-forming platform (The Huffington Post) which combines a news aggregator and blogging platform together to which you can add TV channels, magazines and e-books activity. Such combination of media content aggregator activity with bloggers platform activity can be defined as “huffinization”. Media content are created by the platform users and more than 30 000 unpaid bloggers that is allowed not only to ramp up profits but also stimulate the development of political and social events

Secure Computation in Heterogeneous Environments: How to Bring Multiparty Computation Closer to Practice?

Many services that people use daily require computation that depends on the private data of multiple parties. While the utility of the final result of such interactions outweighs the privacy concerns related to output release, the inputs for such computations are much more sensitive and need to be protected. Secure multiparty computation (MPC) considers the question of constructing computation protocols that reveal nothing more about their inputs than what is inherently leaked by the output. There have been strong theoretical results that demonstrate that every functionality can be computed securely. However, these protocols remain unused in practical solutions since they introduce efficiency overhead prohibitive for most applications. Generic multiparty computation techniques address homogeneous setups with respect to the resources available to the participants and the adversarial model. On the other hand, realistic scenarios present a wide diversity of heterogeneous environments where different participants have different available resources and different incentives to misbehave and collude. In this thesis we introduce techniques for multiparty computation that focus on heterogeneous settings. We present solutions tailored to address different types of asymmetric constraints and improve the efficiency of existing approaches in these scenarios. We tackle the question from three main directions: New Computational Models for MPC - We explore different computational models that enable us to overcome inherent inefficiencies of generic MPC solutions using circuit representation for the evaluated functionality. First, we show how we can use random access machines to construct MPC protocols that add only polylogarithmic overhead to the running time of the insecure version of the underlying functionality. This allows to achieve MPC constructions with computational complexity sublinear in the size for their inputs, which is very important for computations that use large databases. We also consider multivariate polynomials which yield more succinct representations for the functionalities they implement than circuits, and at the same time a large collection of problems are naturally and efficiently expressed as multivariate polynomials. We construct an MPC protocol for multivariate polynomials, which improves the communication complexity of corresponding circuit solutions, and provides currently the most efficient solution for multiparty set intersection in the fully malicious case. Outsourcing Computation - The goal in this setting is to utilize the resources of a single powerful service provider for the work that computationally weak clients need to perform on their data. We present a new paradigm for constructing verifiable computation (VC) schemes, which enables a computationally limited client to verify efficiently the result of a large computation. Our construction is based on attribute-based encryption and avoids expensive primitives such as fully homomorphic encryption andprobabilistically checkable proofs underlying existing VC schemes. Additionally our solution enjoys two new useful properties: public delegation and verification. We further introduce the model of server-aided computation where we utilize the computational power of an outsourcing party to assist the execution and improve the efficiency of MPC protocols. For this purpose we define a new adversarial model of non-collusion, which provides room for more efficient constructions that rely almost completely only on symmetric key operations, and at the same time captures realistic settings for adversarial behavior. In this model we propose protocols for generic secure computation that offload the work of most of the parties to the computation server. We also construct a specialized server-aided two party set intersection protocol that achieves better efficiencies for the two participants than existing solutions. Outsourcing in many cases concerns only data storage and while outsourcing the data of a single party is useful, providing a way for data sharing among different clients of the service is the more interesting and useful setup. However, this scenario brings new challenges for access control since the access control rules and data accesses become private data for the clients with respect to the service provide. We propose an approach that offers trade-offs between the privacy provided for the clients and the communication overhead incurred for each data access. Efficient Private Search in Practice - We consider the question of private search from a different perspective compared to traditional settings for MPC. We start with strict efficiency requirements motivated by speeds of available hardware and what is considered acceptable overhead from practical point of view. Then we adopt relaxed definitions of privacy, which still provide meaningful security guarantees while allowing us to meet the efficiency requirements. In this setting we design a security architecture and implement a system for data sharing based on encrypted search, which achieves only 30% overhead compared to non-secure solutions on realistic workloads

Analysis and Assessment of Infrastructural Potential in Rural Territories

Introduction. Since the mid-twentieth century, research has focused on agriculture as an important and structurally determining economic sector, constructing a significant part of the production infrastructure that serves an important function in generating economic growth in society. The asymmetry in the development of the territories and the general problems in the lagging areas are the subject of regional policy at the national and community level, to which a serious financial resource is directed, seeking a synergistic effect of the various support instruments on the entire territory. Over half of Bulgaria's territory is used for agriculture, and in rural areas it is also the main economic sector and source of livelihood. It is of crucial importance for the overall economic development of rural areas. In-depth research is needed to assess the infrastructure potential and analyze its impact on the generation of gross value added (GVA) and cohesion between regions. Aim and tasks. The aim of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the infrastructural potential of rural territories and its impact on the GVA generated by the agricultural sector. Results. The analysis compares the infrastructural potential of the districts with the production of the agricultural sector, the leading sector of the Bulgarian economy, and seeks ways to optimize it. Within the framework of the present research, the social, transport, tourist, and production infrastructure at the regional level is analyzed, and their relation to the GVA generated by the agricultural sector is examined. The social, transport, tourist, and production infrastructure by regions in Bulgaria and their impact on agribusiness were analyzed, and the results were summarized and mapped. As a result of the research, the territories were systematized depending on the ratio between the GVA from the agricultural sector and their infrastructural potential, and the trends in their development were outlined. Conclusions. The well-developed infrastructure in rural territories is a driving force for diversifying the functional use of the territory and the optimal utilization of available resources, ensuring not only economic progress but also sustainability in the development of rural territories. Improving infrastructure has a positive effect on the GVA of the agricultural sector, encourages diversification and the use of available resources, and helps make rural territories more sustainable

Transformation of Georgia's Trade Policy Strategy : From Frailty to Sustainability

The following article reviews the trade policies and practices of Georgia as well as Georgia-WTO relationship. The authors focus on Georgia’s recent economic performance, including Association Agreement (AA) with the European Union that contributed powerfully to stabilising Georgia's trade legislation and reinforcing domestic economic reform. The Association Agreement between Georgia and the European Union and its member States aims at Georgia's gradual economic integration into the EU Internal Market, through the establishment of the DCFTA, which should provide for far-reaching market access based on sustained and regulatory approximation. The study reveals the importance of the World Trade Organization, main trade agreements and arrangements with Georgia as a developing country. It demonstrates that effective trade stabilization in the WTO can be achieved by the implementation of specific WTO’s regulations on trade, economic and legal spheres. One of the reasons for the special success of the WTO is systemic exceptions for developed countries and states with special needs (country like Georgia) that contributes to the development of international trade through progressive liberalization and the comparative advantage of the states when carrying out trade. The example of Georgia shows very well that so far the country has not been able to actively apply all the advantages that can be used within the framework of international or regional organizations, at least for the simple reason that the country does not possess the appropriate infrastructure for bringing innovative products to foreign markets, and thus accumulate more economic wealth. This case study evidences and confirms that while the accession process to the WTO is challenging per se, it is part of a process of domestic reforms that triggers growth and economic benefits.publishersversionPeer reviewe