DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUNTARY ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA

The state of volunteer activity in Russia has been investigated. The implementation of the state policy in relation to volunteerism, the regulatory framework for the development of volunteerism has been analyzed. The stages of formation, institutions of development and support of volunteerism have been considered. The assessment of development of volunteer movement in foreign countries has been given. Barriers, hindering the development of volunteerism have been designated. The algorithm of development of volunteer activity in the regions of the country has been presented. Activation of the volunteer movement and increase of efficiency of activity of the volunteer organizations has been noted

Spatial and temporal regulation of cerebral cortex development by the transcription factor pax6

Lamina formation in the developing cortex requires precise generation, migration and differentiation of cortical neurons. Cortical projection neurons originate from progenitors of the embryonic dorsal telencephalon. The transcription factor Pax6 is expressed in apical progenitors (APs) throughout corticogenesis in a rostro-lateralhigh to caudo-mediallow gradient. The current studies focus on elucidating the spatial and temporal role of Pax6 in cortical development. I first analysed the cortex of PAX77 transgenic mice that overexpress Pax6 in its normal domains of expression. I show that Pax6 overexpression acts cell-autonomously to reduce the proliferation of late cortical progenitors specifically, resulting in the formation of thinner superficial layers in the PAX77 cortex. Increased levels of Pax6 lengthen the cell cycle of APs and drive the system towards neurogenesis. These effects are specific to late stages of corticogenesis, when superficial layer neurons are normally generated, in cortical regions that express Pax6 at the highest levels. The number of superficial layer neurons is reduced in postnatal PAX77 mice, while radial migration and lamina specification of cortical neurons are not affected by Pax6 overexpression. Then, Pax6 was conditionally inactivated in cortical progenitors at mid- or late-stages of corticogenesis by using a tamoxifen-inducible Emx1-CreER line. I report a novel requirement of Pax6 for continuous suppression of ventral fates and concurrent maintenance of an appropriate dorsal identity in cortical progenitors. Pax6 ablation at either mid- or late-stages of corticogenesis increases the proliferation of late cortical progenitors at all levels across the rostral-caudal axis. In the absence of Pax6 from mid-corticogenesis, late-born neurons are severely under-represented and misspecified in superficial layers of the mutant cortex. Notably, Pax6 inactivation during late corticogenesis also affects superficial laminar fate; although the numbers of late-born cortical neurons are not severely affected in superficial layers of the mutant cortex, substantial numbers of late-born cells fail to migrate to appropriate laminar positions and accumulate in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the postnatal mutant cortex. Collectively, these gain- and loss-of-function studies suggest that disruption of Pax6 levels during different developmental time points leads ultimately to impaired formation of superficial cortical layers but through different cellular and molecular mechanisms

Is Ductal Carcinoma In Situ With “Possible Invasion” More Predictive of Invasive Carcinoma Than Pure Ductal Carcinoma In Situ?

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the underestimation of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) vs DCIS with “possible invasion” at breast biopsy and to determine if any factors related to clinical indication, imaging abnormality, biopsy, or DCIS-grade affected the likelihood of underestimation.MethodsOf 3836 consecutive lesions that were biopsied by using a 14-gauge needle, 117 lesions revealed DCIS. Surgical pathology results of invasive carcinoma were compared with needle biopsy results of DCIS or DCIS with possible invasion. Clinical indication, imaging abnormality, biopsy guidance modality, sample number, and histologic grade were recorded. Yates corrected χ2 and Fisher exact tests were used to determine differences between groups.ResultsA total of 101 lesions were DCIS and 16 were DCIS with possible invasion at biopsy. Thirty-six of 117 lesions (31%) revealed invasive carcinoma at resection pathology. Invasive carcinoma was present more often when DCIS with possible invasion was diagnosed compared with pure DCIS (7/16 [44%] vs 29/101 [29%], P = .36). No factor, including clinical indication, imaging abnormality, biopsy guidance method, sample number, or grade, was found to significantly affect the likelihood of underestimation for lesions diagnosed as DCIS vs DCIS with “possible invasion.” The likelihood of pure DCIS underestimation significantly increased when lesions were high grade compared with either intermediate or low grade (18/44 [41%] vs 9/44 [21%] vs 2/10 [20%], P = .03).ConclusionFor lesions biopsied by using a 14-gauge needle, there is a trend towards underestimation of the presence of invasive carcinoma when pathology reveals DCIS with possible invasion compared with pure DCIS. High-grade DCIS was significantly more likely to be underestimated

New concept of relativistic invariance in NC space-time: twisted Poincar\'e symmetry and its implications

We present a systematic framework for noncommutative (NC) QFT within the new concept of relativistic invariance based on the notion of twisted Poincar\'e symmetry (with all 10 generators), as proposed in ref. [7]. This allows to formulate and investigate all fundamental issues of relativistic QFT and offers a firm frame for the classification of particles according to the representation theory of the twisted Poincar\'e symmetry and as a result for the NC versions of CPT and spin-statistics theorems, among others, discussed earlier in the literature. As a further application of this new concept of relativism we prove the NC analog of Haag's theorem.Comment: 15 page

Community support for sex offender rehabilitation in Europe

It is assumed that the public holds negative attitudes towards sex offenders, yet an increasing number of European volunteers are involved in sex offender rehabilitation programmes through Circles of Support and Accountability (CoSA). Public attitudes and their correlates have been mainly studied in Anglo-Saxon countries; research in European countries other than the UK is scarce. To fill this gap, a web-based survey was held among web-panels in nine European countries (n = 200 per country). Measures included awareness and knowledge about sex offenders, community attitudes towards sex offenders in the community (CATSO), attitudes towards the treatment of sex offenders (ATTSO), public attitudes towards sex offender rehabilitation (PATSOR), support for CoSA, and attitudes towards volunteers working with sex offenders. Results indicated that clear misperceptions were held by a minority. Attitudes tended to be negative, but not extremely, and differences between countries were significant. The amount of support for CoSA was considerable and mean attitudes towards volunteers working with sex offenders were positive. The lower educated held more negative attitudes. Since webpanels were probably not representative on key demographic markers, the results are only indicative. Professionals should especially address the lower educated, correct key misperceptions about recidivism of sex offenders, and provide information about processes of change in convicted sex offender

Deterministic constant-temperature dynamics for dissipative quantum systems

A novel method is introduced in order to treat the dissipative dynamics of quantum systems interacting with a bath of classical degrees of freedom. The method is based upon an extension of the Nos\`e-Hoover chain (constant temperature) dynamics to quantum-classical systems. Both adiabatic and nonadiabatic numerical calculations on the relaxation dynamics of the spin-boson model show that the quantum-classical Nos\`e-Hoover chain dynamics represents the thermal noise of the bath in an accurate and simple way. Numerical comparisons, both with the constant energy calculation and with the quantum-classical Brownian motion treatment of the bath, show that the quantum-classical Nos\`e-Hoover Chain dynamics can be used to introduce dissipation in the evolution of a quantum subsystem even with just one degree of freedom for the bath. The algorithm can be computationally advantageous in modeling, within computer simulation, the dynamics of a quantum subsystem interacting with complex molecular environments.Comment: Revised versio

Inhibition of HIV-1 enzymes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Plectranthus barbatus

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE : Plectranthus barbatus is widely used in African countries as an herbal remedy to manage HIV/AIDS and related conditions. AIM OF STUDY : To investigate the HIV-1 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of P.barbatus and thereby provide empirical evidence for the apparent anecdotal success of the extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Ethanolic extract of P. barbatus’s leaves was screened against two HIV-1 enzymes; protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT). Cytotoxicity of the extract was determined through measuring tetrazolium dye uptake of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the TZM-bl cell line. Confirmatory assays for cytotoxicity were performed using flow cytometry and real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES). The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was investigated with 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl while the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract were investigated using a Th1/Th2/Th17 cytometric bead array technique.Results P. barbatus extract inhibited HIV-1 PR and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 62.0 μg/ml. The extract demonstrated poor inhibition of HIV-1 RT. Cytotoxicity testing presented CC50 values of 83.7 and 50.4 μg/ml in PBMCs and TZM-bl respectively. In addition, the extract stimulated proliferation in HIV negative and positive PBMCs treated. RT-CES also registered substantial TZM-bl proliferation after extract treatment. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 16 μg/ml and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines indicating anti-inflammatory potential. CONCLUSION : This is the first demonstration of the in vitro anti HIV-1 potential of P. barbatus including direct activity as well as through the stimulation of protective immune and inflammation responses. The low cytotoxicity of the extract is also in agreement with the vast anecdotal use of this plant in treating various ailments with no reported side-effects.This research was supported by the Southern African Biochemistry and Informatics for Natural Products (SABINA), the Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) of South Africa), Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund (MMMF), the Namibian Ministry of Education and the University of Pretoria.http:// www.elsevier.com/locate/jephb201

Inhibition of HIV-1 enzymes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Plectranthus barbatus

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Plectranthus barbatus is widely used in African countries as an herbal remedy to manage HIV/AIDS and related conditions. Aim of the study: To investigate the HIV-1 inhibitory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of P. barbatus and thereby provide empirical evidence for the apparent anecdotal success of the extracts. Materials and methods: Ethanolic extract of P. barbatus's leaves was screened against two HIV-1 enzymes: protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT). Cytotoxicity of the extract was determined through measuring tetrazolium dye uptake of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the TZM-bl cell line. Confirmatory assays for cytotoxicity were performed using flow cytometry and real-time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES). The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was investigated with 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl while the anti-inflammatory properties of the plant extract were investigated using a Th1/Th2/Th17 cytometric bead array technique

PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG KROKOT (Portulaca oleracea L) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP BERAT SEBELUM PEMOTONGAN, BERAT SETELAH PEMOTONGAN, KARKAS, NON KARKAS SERTA LEMAK ABDOMINAL AYAM BROILER

The study was carried out in Balai Besar Pelatihan Peternakan Noelbaki, Kupangfor 6 weeks: December8–January18, 2017. The study aimed at evaluating the effect and best level of including Portulaca oleraceaL in the diet on final, slaughter, carcass, non-carcass and abdominal fatof broiler. There were 100 grower broilers used in the study. Completely randomized design 4 treatments with 5 replicates (5 broiler of each) procedure applied. The treatments were formulated as:KR0 (commercial diet without Portulaca oleracea L meal); KR5;95% commercial diet + 5% Portulaca oleracea L meal;KR10: 90% commercial diet + 10% Portulaca oleracea L  meal; and KR15 : 85% commercial diet + 15% Portulaca oleracea L meal. The variables evaluated were: pre and post slaughter, carcass and non-carcass, and abdominal fat weights of broiler. Statistical analysis showed that effect of treatment significant and post slaughter weights significant (P<0.05), but not significant (P>0.05) on pre slaughter, carcass, non-carcass weight and abdominal fat weights of the broilers. The conclusion is that including Portulaca oleracea L meal substituting commercial diet up to 15% performed the similar results in both carcass and non-carcass weight of broiler. ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Pelatihan Peternakan Noelbaki, Kupang selama 6 minggu terhitung sejak tanggal 8 Desember – 18 Januari 2017. Tujuan penelitian  adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan level terbaik penggunaan tepung krokot dalam ransum terhadap berat hidup akhir, berat potong, berat karkas, non karkas serta lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Materi yang digunakan adalah 100 ekor ternak ayam broiler fase grower. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Berblok (RALB) dengan empat perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah :KR0: Ransum komersial tanpa penambahan tepung krokot (kontrol),  KR5 : 95% ransum komersial + 5% tepung krokot, KR10: 90% ransum komersial + 10% tepung krokot dan KR15 : 85% ransum komersial + 15% tepung krokot. Variabel yang diukur adalah berat sebelum pemotongan, berat setelah pemotongan, berat karkas, berat non karkas, serta berat lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap (P<0,05) berat setelah pemotongan, Namun memberikan pengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap berat sebelum pemotongan, berat karkas, berat non karkas dan berat lemak abdominal ayam broiler. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh maka disimpulkan bahwa substitusi krokot sampai dengan level 15% dalam ransum ayam broiler masih dalam batasan yang normal dan tidak memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap karkasdan non karkas ayam broiler.&nbsp