Nesigurno smještanje u Hrvatskoj: konceptualizacija više-od-prolaznih migracija na Balkanskoj ruti

The article argues that the dynamic of migration on the Balkan route is changing into something more than transit. Croatia is presented as a case in point of a site where former migration aspirations are redefined as migrants encounter various types of bordering mechanisms that decelerate migration and begin developing relations with other residents. We argue that the dynamic of mobility and immobility and the ways it entangles localities en route are crucial for understanding the changing migration patterns in the Balkans. We overview concepts such as “stuckness”, “waiting”, “permanent temporariness”, “limbo”, and “liminality”, which describe the ways in which migrants navigate between temporary and permanent states of movement and residence. Additionally, the article develops the concept of “precari¬ous emplacement” in order to move beyond transit and to capture the ambiguities between moving and staying, temporariness and permanence, and inclusion and exclusion. The concept highlights that the practices related to settling, along with the social interactions with other residents associated with them, occur in conditions of uncertainty and social marginalisation. Precarious emplacement encompasses the ways precarity permeates migrants’ experiences and the fabric of post-war and post-socialist urban spaces and relations they move through and come to inhabit. The article concludes by arguing that, given the heterogeneity of migrants’ life trajectories, the concept of a “transit migrant” may obscure the vulnerabilities migrants experience during periods of immobility, and it advocates for a more nuanced conceptual approach.U radu se raspravlja o tome da se dinamika migracija na Balkanskoj ruti mijenja u nešto više od tranzita. Hrvatska je predstavljena kao primjer mjesta gdje se nekadašnje migracijske težnje redefiniraju jer se migranti susreću s različitim mehanizmima granične kontrole koji usporavaju migraciju te počinju razvijati odnose s drugim stanovnicima. Autor tvrdi da su dinamika mobilnosti i nepokretnosti, kao i načini na koje se one isprepleću na putu, ključni za razumijevanje promjenjivih migracijskih obrazaca na Balkanu. Daje se pregled pojmova kao što su »zaglavljenost«, »čekanje«, »trajna privremenost«, »limbo« i »liminalnost«, koji opisuju načine na koje se migranti kreću između privremenog i stalnog pokreta te boravka. Dodatno, članak razvija koncept »nesigurnog smještanja« kako bi se pomaknuo dalje od tranzita i uhvatio dvosmislenosti između preseljenja i ostanka, privremenosti i trajnosti te uključivanja i isključivanja. Koncept naglašava da se prakse vezane uz naseljavanje, zajedno s društvenim interakcijama s drugim stanovnicima koji su s njima povezani, odvijaju u uvjetima neizvjesnosti i društvene marginalizacije. Nesigurno smještanje obuhvaća načine na koje nesigurnost prožima iskustva migranata te poslijeratne i postsocijalističke urbane prostore i odnose kroz koje prolaze i dolaze ih nastaniti. Članak zaključuje tvrdnjom da, s obzirom na heterogenost životnih putanja migranata, koncept »tranzitnog migranata« može prikriti ranjivosti koje migranti doživljavaju tijekom razdoblja nepokretnosti te se zalaže za nijansiraniji konceptualni pristup

Mental health on the market: Biopower, psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry

Ovaj rad problematizira biomedicinski model psihičkih poremećaja i farmakoterapiju te ispituje ulogu psihijatrije u širenju definicije psihičkih poremećaja u kontekstu medikalizacije društva koju obilježava tretiranje nemedicinskih problema kao medicinskih. Upućuje se na dimenzije isprepletenosti psihičkog zdravlja i tržišta u neoliberalnom kapitalističkom društvu s idejom da je farmaceutska industrija značajan akter u medikalizaciji svakodnevnog života koja omogućuje maksimizaciju profita na dereguliranom tržištu lijekova. Također se u radu problematizira odnos normalnog i abnormalnog, društvena moć i pozadina psihijatrijskih dijagnoza te se kroz prizmu koncepta biomoći razmatra vršenje funkcije socijalne kontrole od strane psihijatrije i na koji su način ti procesi povezani s tržišnom logikom neoliberalizma.This paper problematizes the biomedical model of mental disorders, pharmacotherapy and questions the role of psychiatry in spreading the definition of mental disorders in the context of the medicalization of society which is characterized by the treatment of nonmedical as medical problems. The paper points to the dimensions of entanglement of mental health and the market in a neoliberal capitalist society with an idea that the pharmaceutical industry is an important agent in the medicalization of everyday life which enables a maximization of profit on a deregulated drug market. The relationship between the normal and the abnormal, the social power and the background of psychiatric diagnoses are also dealt with. The exercise of the function of social control on behalf of psychiatry and the ways in which these processes are related to a market logic of neoliberalism are seen through the prism of a biopower concept

Mental health on the market: Biopower, psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry

Ovaj rad problematizira biomedicinski model psihičkih poremećaja i farmakoterapiju te ispituje ulogu psihijatrije u širenju definicije psihičkih poremećaja u kontekstu medikalizacije društva koju obilježava tretiranje nemedicinskih problema kao medicinskih. Upućuje se na dimenzije isprepletenosti psihičkog zdravlja i tržišta u neoliberalnom kapitalističkom društvu s idejom da je farmaceutska industrija značajan akter u medikalizaciji svakodnevnog života koja omogućuje maksimizaciju profita na dereguliranom tržištu lijekova. Također se u radu problematizira odnos normalnog i abnormalnog, društvena moć i pozadina psihijatrijskih dijagnoza te se kroz prizmu koncepta biomoći razmatra vršenje funkcije socijalne kontrole od strane psihijatrije i na koji su način ti procesi povezani s tržišnom logikom neoliberalizma.This paper problematizes the biomedical model of mental disorders, pharmacotherapy and questions the role of psychiatry in spreading the definition of mental disorders in the context of the medicalization of society which is characterized by the treatment of nonmedical as medical problems. The paper points to the dimensions of entanglement of mental health and the market in a neoliberal capitalist society with an idea that the pharmaceutical industry is an important agent in the medicalization of everyday life which enables a maximization of profit on a deregulated drug market. The relationship between the normal and the abnormal, the social power and the background of psychiatric diagnoses are also dealt with. The exercise of the function of social control on behalf of psychiatry and the ways in which these processes are related to a market logic of neoliberalism are seen through the prism of a biopower concept

Uloge formalnog i neformalnog obrazovanja na učenje i usvajanje jezika

Razlike i sinergija između učenja i usvanja jezika.Učenje kao voljan proces, isplaniran i navođen u obrazovniminstitucijama, i usvajanje kao pasivni proces, spontan ili takođeisplaniran, i neophodnost njihovog međusobno dopunjavanja usvrhu cjelokupnog i fluentnog poznavanja jezika. Uticaji nausvajanje jezika: izloženost jeziku, čitanje i slušanje zaraduživanja, njihove pozitivne i potencijalno negativne strane nausvajanje „književnog“ jezika.Razlike, komplementarnost i mogućna nezavisnost formalnog ineformalnog obrazovanja. Pojam formalnog obrazovanjaprvobitno kao vid organizovanog učenja koji prati određen plan iprogram, i odvija se u obrazovnim institucijama, podrazumjevaučenje na časovima, predavanjima i kursevima. Pojamneformalnog učenja podrazumjeva svako učenje mimoobrazovnih institucija, i dešava se često kao dopuna formalnomučenju. ili kao individualizovani vid učenja, mimostandardizovanog i jednoobraznog plana i programa. Kaopodvrsta neformalnog obrazovanja javlja se i informalni vidobrazovanja, koji se često kolokvijalno naziva „životna škola“

The Slovenian Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-SVN): Translation and Psychometric Properties

The aim of the study was to develop and to test the psychometric properties of the Slovenian version (OHIP-SVN) in the new cultural context. Construct validity was tested on 430 subjects, test-retest reliability on 60 subjects, internal consistency on 460 subjects, and responsiveness on 30 patients with a treatment demand (toothache). The significant association between the OHIP summary scores and the self-reported oral health (p0.05). The internal consistency showed high Cronbach’s alpha (0.97). The responsiveness was confirmed by the statistically significant difference between the mean OHIP score at baseline and follow-up (p<0.001) and by a considerable effect size in the patients with a treatment demand (0.515). The OHIP-SVN, as one of the first translation into one of the Slavic family of the languages proves that this instrument is suitable for the assessment of the Oral Health Related Quality of Life in Slovenia

Red blood cell distribution width as a simple negative prognostic factor in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a retrospective study

Aim To determine the prognostic value of baseline red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods Data from 81 DLBCL patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2013 at the University Hospital Center Osijek, Osijek, Croatia, were reviewed. We evaluated disease outcome, overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), and demographic, clinical and laboratory factors affecting outcome. Univariate analysis and Cox regression analysis were used. Results Median age of patients was 64 years, 29 were men (35.8%). Higher RDW levels (%) were found in patients with advanced Ann Arbor clinical stage (14.94 ± 1.82 vs 13.55 ± 1.54, P = 0.001) and in those with poor response to therapy (14.94 ± 1.82 vs 13.55 ± 1.54, P = 0.001). Patients with RDW>15% (cut-off was calculated by receiver operating characteristics) had significantly worse OS (median [range], 33 months [20-46] vs 74 months [65-82], P < 0.001) and EFS (27 months [15-40] vs 68 months [59-77], P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that RDW>15% was an independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 3.654, 95% CI 1.128-11.836) and EFS (HR 2.611, 95% CI 1.012-6-739). Conclusion High baseline RDW is an independent prognostic marker of poor outcome in patients with DLBCL. RDW could be an easily available and inexpensive marker for the risk stratification in patients with DLBCL

Smjernice za dijagnostiku i liječenje kronične limfocitne leukemije – Krohem B-CLL 2017.

Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have led to change of approach in clinical practice. New treatments have been approved based on the results of randomized multicenter trials for first line and for salvage therapy, and the results of numerous ongoing clinical trials are permanently providing new answers and further refining of therapeutic strategies. This is paralleled by substantial increase in understanding the disease genetics due to major advances in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We define current position of the Croatian Cooperative Group for Hematologic Disease on diagnosis and treatment of CLL in the transition from chemo-immunotherapy paradigm into a new one that is based on new diagnostic stratification and unprecedented therapeutic results of B-cell receptor inhibitors (BRI) and Bcl-2 antagonists. This is a rapidly evolving field as a great number of ongoing clinical trials constantly accumulate and provide new knowledge. We believe that novel therapy research including genomic diagnosis is likely to offer new options that will eventually lead to time limited therapies without chemotherapy and more effective clinical care for B-CLL based on individualized precision medicine.Nedavni događaji u dijagnostici i liječenju kronične limfocitne leukemije (B-KLL) doveli su do promjene pristupa u kliničkoj praksi. Nova liječenja su odobrena na temelju rezultata randomiziranih multicentričnih pokusa za prvu liniju terapije i za liječenje relapsa/refraktorne bolesti, a rezultati brojnih kliničkih pokusa u tijeku trajno doprinose daljnjem unaprjeđenju terapijskih strategija. Uz to prisutan je bitan porast razumijevanja genskih promjena bolesti zbog velikog napretka tehnologije nove generacije sekvencioniranja. Definiramo trenutni stav Hrvatske suradne skupine za hematološke bolesti o dijagnostici i liječenju B-KLL u sadašnjoj tranziciji iz kemo-imunoterapijske paradigme u novu koja se temelji na novoj dijagnostičkoj slojevitosti i izvrsnim terapijskim rezultatima inhibitora B-staničnih receptora (BRI) i Bcl-2 antagonista. To se područje brzo razvija kako velik broj kliničkih ispitivanja koja su u tijeku neprestance doprinosi i pruža nova znanja. Vjerujemo da će istraživanje novih terapija uz genomsku dijagnostiku pružiti nove mogućnosti koje će na kraju dovesti do vremenski ograničenog liječenja bez kemoterapije i do učinkovitije kliničke skrbi B-KLL na temelju individualizirane i precizne medicine

Beyond Transit : Precarious Emplacement and the Wavering Reception of Migrants in the City of Zagreb

The territory of the Republic of Croatia has historically been a place of forced and economic migration, mainly consisting of population movements between former Yugoslav states and other neighbouring European countries. Since the 2000s, these borderlands have become sites of continuous transit migration from the Middle East and Africa. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Zagreb over several periods between 2016 and 2020, this thesis seeks to understand how non-European migration and places of transit in the Balkans interrelate and transform each other. Thus, the study explores how different migrants’ trajectories meet, and how they interact with the spaces and people in Zagreb as the country prepares to enter the Schengen area of free movement, and the city is absorbed into the European border regime. The focus on ‘migrant’ and ‘non-migrant’ relations in a transit area presents a particular viewpoint on the mediated dynamics of large-scale migration into Europe. The thesis argues for a study of migration and emplacement as entangled with borders, the histories of transit localities, relations within them, affects in everyday encounters, and structures of precarity. As a contribution to the anthropology of transit migration, three interrelated concepts are formulated. First, ‘precarious emplacement’ captures the complexities of moving and staying on the European periphery by taking these (im)mobilities to be embedded in local spaces, relations and histories. Second, by highlighting the relationality of emplacement, the concept of ‘wavering reception’ is developed to depict the discourses, practices and orientations of local residents. These fluctuate between hospitality and hostility, and therefore form a complex affective landscape in the urban spaces where migration is prevalent. Third, the thesis develops the concept of ‘the Gap’ as an indeterminate and ductile space between individuals and groups. It is used as an analytic for exploring the qualitative shifts in position, perceptions and feelings that produce these vacillating relations of proximity and distance which are central to emplacement. This conceptual framework illuminates the changing dynamics of transit migration in Croatia, as well as the various processes and transformations which emerge as (im)mobilities interact with transit areas

Beyond Transit : Precarious Emplacement and the Wavering Reception of Migrants in the City of Zagreb

The territory of the Republic of Croatia has historically been a place of forced and economic migration, mainly consisting of population movements between former Yugoslav states and other neighbouring European countries. Since the 2000s, these borderlands have become sites of continuous transit migration from the Middle East and Africa. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Zagreb over several periods between 2016 and 2020, this thesis seeks to understand how non-European migration and places of transit in the Balkans interrelate and transform each other. Thus, the study explores how different migrants’ trajectories meet, and how they interact with the spaces and people in Zagreb as the country prepares to enter the Schengen area of free movement, and the city is absorbed into the European border regime. The focus on ‘migrant’ and ‘non-migrant’ relations in a transit area presents a particular viewpoint on the mediated dynamics of large-scale migration into Europe. The thesis argues for a study of migration and emplacement as entangled with borders, the histories of transit localities, relations within them, affects in everyday encounters, and structures of precarity. As a contribution to the anthropology of transit migration, three interrelated concepts are formulated. First, ‘precarious emplacement’ captures the complexities of moving and staying on the European periphery by taking these (im)mobilities to be embedded in local spaces, relations and histories. Second, by highlighting the relationality of emplacement, the concept of ‘wavering reception’ is developed to depict the discourses, practices and orientations of local residents. These fluctuate between hospitality and hostility, and therefore form a complex affective landscape in the urban spaces where migration is prevalent. Third, the thesis develops the concept of ‘the Gap’ as an indeterminate and ductile space between individuals and groups. It is used as an analytic for exploring the qualitative shifts in position, perceptions and feelings that produce these vacillating relations of proximity and distance which are central to emplacement. This conceptual framework illuminates the changing dynamics of transit migration in Croatia, as well as the various processes and transformations which emerge as (im)mobilities interact with transit areas

Prognostic Nutritional Index as a Predictor of Prognosis in Patients with Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma

BACKGROUND: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), an indicator of nutritional status and systemic inflammation, is associated with short-term and long-term outcomes of various malignancies. The prognostic value of PNI in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic value of baseline PNI in DLBCL patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 103 DLBCL patients treated with R‑CHOP or R‑CHOP-like regimens. We evaluated the significance of PNI as a predictor of response to treatment, overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS: Patients with a PNI ≤ 44.55, where the cut-off was calculated by receiver operating characteristics (Youden index) and the same was obtained for response to treatment with 76.2 % sensitivity and a specificity of 85.4 %, for OS with 72.4 % sensitivity and a specificity of 90.5 % and for EFS with 65.6 % sensitivity and a specificity of 90.1 %, had significantly worse 5‑year OS (18.3 % vs 86.4 %, P < 0.001, log rank test) and 5‑year EFS (15.1 % vs 82.3 %, P < 0.001, log rank test). Regression analysis showed that PNI ≤ 44.55 was an independent prognostic factor for response to treatment with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.88 for treatment failure, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.077-22.105, OS hazard ratio (HR) 4.24, 95 % CI 1.451-12.392 and EFS HR 4.007, 95 % CI 1.48-10.852. Lower PNI levels were found in patients with advanced Ann Arbor clinical stage (46.6 ± 7.77 vs. 52.7 ± 5.43) and in those with poor response to therapy (40.58 ± 7.26 vs. 50.67 ± 6.26). CONCLUSIONS: The PNI is a simple and useful marker to predict long-term survival outcome in DLBCL patients. Low PNI predicted poor outcome. A limitation of the study is its retrospective design in which the prognostic value was tested in the derivation cohort only. Notwithstanding, this is the first study suggesting that PNI is an important prognostic factor in DLBCL