Présentation. Roman et Rhétorique aux siècles classiques

Le conte de Roman et Rhétorique À l’origine, c’est-à-dire en l’an II de l’empire sophistique, se rencontrèrent dame Rhétorique, aussi sérieuse qu’artificieuse, et dame Fiction, extravagante et confondante. De leurs amours interdites, nées sur les bancs du collège et scellées en secret sur ceux du tribunal, naquit le petit Roman, enfant bâtard et vigoureux. Après une enfance paisible, choyé par ses marraines Épopée et Poésie, Roman connaît une adolescence difficile. S’il a pris la faconde de ..

Les Amours d’Armide de Pierre Joulet ou la Jérusalem romancée : analyse d’un discours de rupture amoureuse

En 1596, un an tout juste après la parution de la fameuse traduction de Blaise de Vigenère, l’éditeur Abel L’Angelier publie la première des adaptations romancées de La Jérusalem délivrée. Comme l’explique Jean Basalmo, Les Amours d’Armide de Pierre Joulet, sieur de Châtillon, est destiné à tirer profit de la fortune éditoriale du Tasse qui bénéficie alors d’un engouement extraordinaire auprès du lectorat français. Après la parution coup sur coup de trois traductions entre 1595 et 1596, c’est..

80 année rhétorique

Un an à peine après le duo de Gainsbourg et Birkin, les années 1970 découvraient la fonction érotique des figures que Roland Barthes, dans un célèbre article de Communication, qualifie alors de «morphèmes de la passion». Les pavés ayant entre temps recouverts la plage, Marc Fumaroli publie L’âge de l’éloquence en 1980, «année du Patrimoine», et propose une histoire de la rhétorique, selon lui, au fondement de la civilisation européenne. Les études rhétoriques, en vogue depuis les années 1970 ..

Fetal Lead Exposure at Each Stage of Pregnancy as a Predictor of Infant Mental Development

BACKGROUND: The impact of prenatal lead exposure on neurodevelopment remains unclear in terms of consistency, the trimester of greatest vulnerability, and the best method for estimating fetal lead exposure. OBJECTIVE: We studied prenatal lead exposure’s impact on neurodevelopment using repeated measures of fetal dose as reflected by maternal whole blood and plasma lead levels. METHODS: We measured lead in maternal plasma and whole blood during each trimester in 146 pregnant women in Mexico City. We then measured umbilical cord blood lead at delivery and, when offspring were 12 and 24 months of age, measured blood lead and administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. We used multivariate regression, adjusting for covariates and 24-month blood lead, to compare the impacts of our pregnancy measures of fetal lead dose. RESULTS: Maternal lead levels were moderately high with a first-trimester blood lead mean (± SD) value of 7.1 ± 5.1 μg/dL and 14% of values ≥10 μg/dL. Both maternal plasma and whole blood lead during the first trimester (but not in the second or third trimester) were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of poorer Mental Development Index (MDI) scores. In models combining all three trimester measures and using standardized coefficients, the effect of first-trimester maternal plasma lead was somewhat greater than the effect of first-trimester maternal whole blood lead and substantially greater than the effects of second- or third-trimester plasma lead, and values averaged over all three trimesters. A 1-SD change in first-trimester plasma lead was associated with a reduction in MDI score of 3.5 points. Postnatal blood lead levels in the offspring were less strongly correlated with MDI scores. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal lead exposure has an adverse effect on neurodevelopment, with an effect that may be most pronounced during the first trimester and best captured by measuring lead in either maternal plasma or whole blood

Alpine Crossroads or Origin of Genetic Diversity? Comparative Phylogeography of Two Sympatric Microgastropod Species

The Alpine Region, constituting the Alps and the Dinaric Alps, has played a major role in the formation of current patterns of biodiversity either as a contact zone of postglacial expanding lineages or as the origin of genetic diversity. In our study, we tested these hypotheses for two widespread, sympatric microgastropod taxa – Carychium minimum O.F. Müller, 1774 and Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826) (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Carychiidae) – by using COI sequence data and species potential distribution models analyzed in a statistical phylogeographical framework. Additionally, we examined disjunct transatlantic populations of those taxa from the Azores and North America. In general, both Carychium taxa demonstrate a genetic structure composed of several differentiated haplotype lineages most likely resulting from allopatric diversification in isolated refugial areas during the Pleistocene glacial periods. However, the genetic structure of Carychium minimum is more pronounced, which can be attributed to ecological constraints relating to habitat proximity to permanent bodies of water. For most of the Carychium lineages, the broader Alpine Region was identified as the likely origin of genetic diversity. Several lineages are endemic to the broader Alpine Region whereas a single lineage per species underwent a postglacial expansion to (re)colonize previously unsuitable habitats, e.g. in Northern Europe. The source populations of those expanding lineages can be traced back to the Eastern and Western Alps. Consequently, we identify the Alpine Region as a significant ‘hot-spot’ for the formation of genetic diversity within European Carychium lineages. Passive dispersal via anthropogenic means best explains the presence of transatlantic European Carychium populations on the Azores and in North America. We conclude that passive (anthropogenic) transport could mislead the interpretation of observed phylogeographical patterns in general

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The Discourse of Passions. Rhetoric and Poetic of Passions in the Narrative Fiction in Prose of the XVIIth Century

L’objet de cette thèse est d’étudier les changements qui s’opèrent au cours du XVIIe siècle dans la manière dont les passions sont exprimées et représentées dans la fiction narrative en prose. Avec le passage des longs romans aux nouvelles galantes, la date de 1660 est souvent considérée comme une date charnière pour le genre romanesque. Ce renouveau formel intéresse tout particulièrement la question de l’affectivité – aussi bien sur les plans stylistique, énonciatif que pragmatique. Alors que l’expression pathétique se voit redéfinie par la critique de l’ornement et la promotion du naturel, les vicissitudes du roman semblent en partie corrélées à celles de l’art de parler. Travaillant sur le siècle en son entier, à partir d’un vaste choix de textes fictionnels, de rhétoriques et de poétiques, nous avons voulu décrire une à une les étapes de ce bouleversement. Cette mise en perspective invite à nuancer le caractère novateur de la nouvelle historique et galante. Si le roman baroque se présente comme une anthologie de discours passionnés, on assiste, dès les années 1620, à l’effacement de la voix narrative et, par conséquent, des marques d’une narration émue. De même, le psycho-récit qui est associé dans l’histoire littéraire à La Princesse de Clèves est déjà une technique narrative bien attestée dans le premier XVIIe siècle. Nous inscrivant dans la lignée d’une histoire des formes littéraires, nous souhaiterions proposer une nouvelle périodisation du genre romanesque, à partir de l’examen de la sémiotisation des passions.This PhD dissertation aims at studying the changes that took place during the XVIIth century in the way passions are expressed and represented in narrative fiction in prose. With the transition from long novels (« longs romans ») to the « nouvelles galantes », the year 1660 is often considered a landmark date for the novelistic genre. This formal renewal has a particular bearing on the question of affectivity, from a stylistic, enunciative and pragmatic point of view. Whereas pathetic expression is redefined by the critique of ornament and the promotion of the natural, the vissicitudes of the novel seem to be partly correlated to those of the art of speaking. By taking the whole century as our object of study, through a vast choice of fictional, rhetoric and poetic texts, we have tried to describe one by one the stages of this evolution. This perspective leads us to qualify the innovative character of the « nouvelle historique et galante ». The baroque novel presents itself as an anthology of passionate discourses. However, from the 1620s on, a fading away of the narrative voice, and consequently of the marks of an emotional narration, take place. Equally, the psycho-narration associated in literary history with the Princesse de Clèves is already a well attested narrative technique in the first XVIIth century. Following the tradition of the history of literary forms, we wish to offer a new periodisation of the novelistic genre, through the analysis of the semiotisation of passions

"Clio chez Phébus: La Divine vengeance sur la mort du marquis d'Ancre (1617). Propagande, propagation, commotion"

International audienc

"La Divine vengeance sur la mort du marquis d'Ancre pour servir d'exemple à tous ceux qui entreprennent conter l'autorité des Rois (1617)": Edition et annotation du texte

International audienc

"Clio chez Phébus: La Divine vengeance sur la mort du marquis d'Ancre (1617). Propagande, propagation, commotion"

International audienc