L'analyse des pratiques en formation d'enseignants: quelles perceptions, quelles perspectives ? : rapport de recherche

Ce rapport présente, suite à l’état da la situation dans la formation des enseignants, une mise en perspective à moyen terme dans l’optique du développement de la pratique réflexive des enseignants suivie de recommandations quant à sa mise en pratique dans les programmes de formations à visée professionnalisante. (Introduction, p. 6)

Enfants à haut potentiel: un défi pour les enseignants ?

La thématique des enfants à haut potentiel est aujourd’hui un sujet en plein essor. Plus que jamais, cette problématique occupe une place importante dans la recherche. Dans notre travail, nous allons nous intéresser à l’identification des enfants à haut potentiel, à ses caractéristiques, ainsi qu’aux différentes méthodes d’enseignements qui lui sont dispensées, tant en classe ordinaire qu’en classe spécialisée. L’enseignement en classe ordinaire nous intéresse tout particulièrement, puisqu’en tant que futures enseignantes, nous serons principalement confrontées à ce type d’enseignement. De plus, il est déconcertant de constater un paradoxe entre le haut potentiel et l’échec scolaire. Effectivement, la scolarisation de ces enfants possédant une intelligence différente est remise en question puisqu’environ un tiers des EHP se trouvent confrontés à de lourdes difficultés scolaires. De ce fait, nos intérêts se dirigent plus particulièrement sur les moyens et les méthodes employés par les enseignants à l’heure actuelle, qui seraient susceptibles d’améliorer les apprentissages ou l’apport de connaissances chez les EHP. Notre méthodologie sera axée autour de l’enseignement destiné aux EHP. À travers plusieurs entretiens avec des enseignants de formation primaire, nous recueillerons et analyserons qualitativement les moyens utilisés en classe. L’objectif principal de notre dispositif est de repérer les points positifs et les lacunes susceptibles d’exister dans le système éducatif actuel

Is genetic analysis useful in the routine management of hydatidiform mole?

Complete hydatidiform mole and partial hydatidiform mole are two abnormal conceptuses that may be identified by clinical, ultrasonographic, gross morphological, histological, and genetic characteristics. Among all these criteria, the specific diagnosis is generally confirmed only upon histological review. However, an accurate diagnosis based on morphological criteria is difficult and several studies have shown that misclassifications are frequent, even for experienced pathologists. An erroneous diagnosis may imply that women are either not enrolled in an adequate β‐hCG follow‐up with the risk that hydatidiform mole (HM) progresses to choriocarcinoma, or are enrolled in an unnecessary follow‐up. A reliable and complementary method to the pathologic interpretation is a genetic study of the conceptus to eliminate the diagnostic dilemma by distinguishing non‐molar spontaneous abortions from HM and to define the type of HM. The aim of our study was to review the genetic basis of HM and discuss its relevance in the routine management of the disorde

Report of the 7th international workshop on colposcopy, screening and prevention of cervical cancer, Douala, Cameroon, March 30 - 31 and April 1st 2016

Background: Authors herein report the proceedings of the 7th international workshop on colposcopy, screening and prevention of cervical cancer held in Douala (Cameroon) on March 30 - 31 and April 1, 2016.Methods: As with previous conferences of this series, the 2016 edition provided an excellent forum for exchange of information and opinions between the researchers, clinicians, laboratory scientists and regulatory bodies. It also stood as an opportunity for further training of health staff on prevention and screening of cervical cancer.Results: The workshop covered both accepted and emerging methods of preventing and screening cervical cancer with emphasis on current clinical and public health practice in low and middle-income countries.  The topic was covered by complementary sessions: cervical principles, cervical cancer epidemiology and prevention strategy; cervical cancer management and treatment; cervical cancer screening programs in Cameroon; innovations in cervical cancer screening and perspectives in cervical cancer screening. This report also summarizes the presentations done during the workshop. This 7th edition set up the record of attendance with more than 150 participants of several backgrounds (specialist physicians and nurses, laboratory technicians, socio-anthropologists, university lecturers and managers of health systems) from more than 19 local and international institutions.Conclusions: Master’s classes, free communications and discussions were fruitful and appointment was taken for March 30-31, 2017 in Yaounde (Cameroon)

Acceptability of self-collected vaginal samples for HPV testing in an urban and rural population of Madagascar

Objective: To evaluate the acceptability of self-collected vaginal samples for HPV testing in women living in rural and urban areas of Madagascar. Materials and Methods: Participants were recruited in a health care center (urban group) and smaller affiliated dispensaries (rural group). They were invited to perform unsupervised self-sampling for HPV testing and to answer a questionnaire on socio-demographic information, cervical cancer knowledge and self-sampling acceptability. Results: A total of 300 women were recruited. Median age was 44.1 years (range 29-65 years) in the urban group and 40.9 years (range 29-65 years) in the rural group. Urban women had improved knowledge on HPV, cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening (p<0.05) as compared to rural women. Urban women lived closer to a health care center (P<0.05), had fewer different sexual partners (P<0.05) and later first sexual intercourse (p=0.07). Unlike urban women, most rural women were married (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acceptability of self-sampling for HPV testing was similarly excellent in both groups despite their difference in terms of socio-demographic factors and knowledge about cervical cancer

Knowledge of cytology results affects the performance of colposcopy: a crossover study

peer reviewedAbstract Objective – To determine whether knowledge of cytology affects the colposcopist’s diagnostic accuracy in the identification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse (≥ CIN2). Method – In this cross-over study, healthcare professionals interpreted colposcopy images from 80 patient cases with known histological diagnoses. For each case, 2 images taken with a colposcope were provided (native and after acetic acid application). Inclusion criteria consisted of women with a transformation zone type 1 or 2, who had both a cytological and histological diagnosis. Cases were distributed across two online surveys, one including and one omitting the cytology. A wash-out period of six weeks between surveys was implemented. Colposcopists were asked to give their diagnosis for each case as < CIN2 or ≥ CIN2 on both assessments. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the two interpretations. Results – Knowledge of cytology significantly improved the sensitivity when interpreting colposcopic images, from 51.1% [95%CI: 39.3 to 62.8] to 63.7% [95%CI: 52.1 to 73.9] and improved the specificity from 63.5% [95%CI: 52.3 to 73.5] to 76.6% [95%CI: 67.2 to 84.0]. Sensitivity was higher by 38.6% when a high-grade cytology (ASC-H, HSIL, AGC) was communicated compared to a low-grade cytology (inflammation, ASC-US, LSIL). Specificity was higher by 31% when a low-grade cytology was communicated compared to a high-grade. Conclusion – Our data suggests that knowledge of cytology increases sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of ≥ CIN2 lesions at colposcopy. Association between cytology and histology may have contributed to the findings

Awareness of HPV and cervical cancer prevention among Cameroonian healthcare workers

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cervical cancer, although largely preventable, remains the most common cause of cancer mortality among women in low-resource countries.</p> <p>The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer prevention among Cameroonian healthcare workers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional self-administered questionnaire in 5 parts with 46 items regarding cervical cancer etiology and prevention was addressed to healthcare workers in six hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The investigators enlisted heads of nursing and midwifery to distribute questionnaires to their staff, recruited doctors individually, in hospitals and during conferences and distributed questionnaires to students in Yaoundé University Hospital and Medical School. Eight hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed, 401 collected. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16.0. Chi-square tests were used and P-values < 0.05 were considered significant.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mean age of respondents was 38 years (range 20-71 years). Most participants were aware that cervical cancer is a major public health concern (86%), were able to identify the most important etiological factors (58%) and believed that screening may prevent cervical cancer (90%) and may be performed by Pap test (84%). However, less than half considered VIA or HPV tests screening tests (38 and 47%, respectively). Knowledge about cancer etiology and screening was lowest among nurse/midwives.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Knowledge of cervical cancer and prevention by screening showed several gaps and important misconceptions regarding screening methods.</p> <p>Creating awareness among healthcare workers on risk factors and current methods for cervical cancer screening is a necessary step towards implementing effective prevention programs.</p