Field relationships and petrology of the Late Devonian Fisset Brook Formation in the Cheticamp area, western Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia

The Fisset Brook Formation in the Cheticamp area forms two elongate belts, a western belt which includes the type section of the formation in Fisset Brook and a separate eastern belt. In the western belt, the Fisset Brook Formation consists of (1) a lower, mainly sedimentary unit dominated by a basal conglomerate that overlies Proterozoic to Silurian metamorphic and igneous rocks, (2) a dominant middle part that consists of basaltic flows interlayered with minor red clastic sedimentary rocks, and (3) an upper part that consists mainly of rhyolite flows and tuffs. In the eastern belt, the basal sedimentary unit appears to be absent due to faulting, and the upper felsic unit is thicker than in the western belt. Mafic dykes in overlying sedimentary strata of the Creignish Formation (Horton Group) are petrochemically similar to basalt in the Fisset Brook Formation, and may represent the waning stages of igneous activity in the area, or a separate minor Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous igneous event. Petrological studies of an extensive suite of samples support the results of earlier studies showing that the mafic volcanic rocks are continental, within-plate tholeiites. The rhyolites are similar to within-plate felsic rocks, but lack elevated values of elements such as Zr and Nb that characterize A-type granites. They are probably the extrusive equivalents of voluminous granites of similar age in the Cape Breton Highlands, suggesting that the present exposures of the Fisset Brook Formation may be remnants of more extensive sequences. The stratigraphy, lithology, age, and petrochemical characteristics of the Fisset Brook Formation in the Cheticamp area are very similar to those in the Gillanders Mountain-Lake Ainslie area. RÉSUMÉ La Formation de Fisset Brook dans la region de Chéticamp forme deux ceintures allongees, une ceinture occidentale renfermant le stratotype de la Formation dans le secteur du ruisseau Fisset et une ceinture orientale séparée. Dans la ceinture occidentale, la Formation de Fisset Brook est constitute (1) d'une unite inférieure principalement sédimentaire oð prédomine un conglomérat de base qui recouvre des roches métamorphiques et ignees du Protérozolque au Silurien, (2) une partie mediane predominante qui est principalement volcanique et constitutée de coulées basaltiques interstratifiées, de roches sédimentaires clastiques rouges en petite quantitié, et (3) d'une partie supérieure constituée principalement de coulées rhyolitiques et de tufs. Dans la ceinture orientale, 1'unité sédimentaire de base semble absente en raison d'une dislocation, et l'unité felsique supérieure est plus épaisse que dans la ceinture occidentale. Les dykes mafiques dans les strates sédimentaires sus-jacentes de la Formation de Creignish (groupe Horton) possedent une structure pétrochimique semblable au basalte de la Formation de Fisset Brook et ils pourraient représenter les demiers stades de l'activité éruptive dans le secteur ou un phenomene éruptif mineur distinct qui s'est produit entre le Devonien supérieur et le Carbonifère inférieur. Des études pétrologiques d'une vaste série d'échantillons appuient les resultats d'études anteriéures révèlant que les roches volcanomafiques constituent des tholéiites intra-plaque continentaux. Les rhyolites sont similaires aux roches felsiques intra-plaque, mais elles ne présentent pas les valeurs élevées en éléments comme le Zr et le Nb qui caractérisent les granites de type A. Elles représented probablement les équivalents extrusifs des granites volumineux d'âge analogue des hautes-terres du Cap-Breton, ce qui laisse supposer que les affieurements présents de la Formation de Fisset Brook pourraient constituer les restes de séquences plus éendues. L'âge et les caractéristiques stratigraphiques, lithologiques et pétrochimiques de la Formation de Fisset Brook dans la région de Chéticamp ressemblent infiniment à ceux de la region du mont Gillanders et du lac Ainslie. [Traduit par la rédaction

Black Hole Masses in Three Seyfert Galaxies

We analyze published reverberation mapping data for three Seyfert galaxies (NGC 3227, NGC 3516, and NGC 4593) to refine the mass estimate for the supermassive black hole in the center of each object. Treatment of the data in a manner more consistent with other large compilations of such masses allows us to more securely compare our results to wider samples of data, e.g., in the investigation of the M_bh-sigma relationship for active and quiescent galaxies.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

A method for finding new sets of axioms for classes of semigroups

We introduce a general technique for finding sets of axioms for a given class of semigroups. To illustrate the technique, we provide new sets of defining axioms for groups of exponent n, bands, and semilattices

Maternal vitamin D deficiency and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient that is metabolized in the body to generate an active metabolite (1, 25(OH)2D) with hormone-like activity and highly diverse roles in cellular function. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a prevalent but easily p reventable nutritional disturbance. Emerging evidence demonstrates the importance of s ufficient vitamin D concentrations during fetal life with deficiencies leading to long-term effects into adulthood. Here, we provide a detailed review and perspective of evidence for the role of maternal VDD in offspring long-term health, particularly as it relates to developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We focus on the roles in neurobehavioral and cardiometabolic disorders in humans and highlight recent finding s from zebrafish and rodent models that probe potential mechanisms linking early life VDD to later life health outcomes. Moreover, we explore evidence implicating epigenetic mechanisms as a mediator of this link. Gaps in our current understanding of how maternal VDD might result in deleterious offspring outcomes later in life are also addressed

Movement ecology of a mobile predatory fish reveals limited habitat linkages within a temperate estuarine seascape

Large predatory fishes, capable of traveling great distances, can facilitate energy flow linkages among spatially separated habitat patches via extended foraging behaviors over expansive areas. Here, we tested this concept by tracking the movement of a large mobile estuarine fish, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Specifically, we addressed the following two questions: (i) What are the spatial and temporal patterns of red drum movement (rates of dispersal) and activity space? (ii) Does red drum movement facilitate linkages among estuarine marsh complexes? Dispersal from the release location was greatest during the first 2 weeks at liberty before declining to less than 0.5 km·week–1 for the remainder of the study. Activity space initially increased rapidly before reaching an asymptote at 2.5 km2 2 weeks postrelease. Connectivity indices calculated among marsh complexes corroborated these observations, suggesting high residency and limited seascape-scale linkages via red drum movement behaviors. These data highlight potential within-estuary spatial structure for mobile fishes and could inform subsequent efforts to track energy flows in coastal food webs, predict the footprint of local habitat restoration benefits, and enhance the design of survey regimes to quantify overall population demography

Effects of coastal urbanization on salt-marsh faunal assemblages in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Author Posting. © American Fisheries Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Fisheries Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 6 (2014): 89-107, doi:10.1080/19425120.2014.893467.Coastal landscapes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, specifically the Mississippi coast, have undergone rapid urbanization that may impact the suitability of salt-marsh ecosystems for maintaining and regulating estuarine faunal communities. We used a landscape ecology approach to quantify the composition and configuration of salt-marsh habitats and developed surfaces at multiple spatial scales surrounding three small, first-order salt-marsh tidal creeks arrayed along a gradient of urbanization in two river-dominated estuaries. From May 3 to June 4, 2010, nekton and macroinfauna were collected weekly at all six sites. Due to the greater abundance of grass shrimp Palaemonetes spp., brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, blue crab Callinectes sapidus, Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia patronus, and Spot Leiostomus xanthurus, tidal creeks in intact natural (IN) salt-marsh landscapes supported a nekton assemblage that was significantly different from those in partially urbanized (PU) or completely urbanized (CU) salt-marsh landscapes. However, PU landscapes still supported an abundant nekton assemblage. In addition, the results illustrated a linkage between life history traits and landscape characteristics. Resident and transient nekton species that have specific habitat requirements are more likely to be impacted in urbanized landscapes than more mobile species that are able to exploit multiple habitats. Patterns were less clear for macroinfaunal assemblages, although they were comparatively less abundant in CU salt-marsh landscapes than in either IN or PU landscapes. The low abundance or absence of several macroinfaunal taxa in CU landscapes may be viewed as an additional indicator of poor habitat quality for nekton. The observed patterns also suggested that benthic sediments in the CU salt-marsh landscapes were altered in comparison with IN or PU landscapes. The amount of developed shoreline and various metrics related to salt marsh fragmentation were important drivers of observed patterns in nekton and macroinfaunal assemblages

Quasars and their host galaxies

This review attempts to describe developments in the fields of quasar and quasar host galaxies in the past five. In this time period, the Sloan and 2dF quasar surveys have added several tens of thousands of quasars, with Sloan quasars being found to z>6. Obscured, or partially obscured quasars have begun to be found in significant numbers. Black hole mass estimates for quasars, and our confidence in them, have improved significantly, allowing a start on relating quasar properties such as radio jet power to fundamental parameters of the quasar such as black hole mass and accretion rate. Quasar host galaxy studies have allowed us to find and characterize the host galaxies of quasars to z>2. Despite these developments, many questions remain unresolved, in particular the origin of the close relationship between black hole mass and galaxy bulge mass/velocity dispersion seen in local galaxies.Comment: Review article, to appear in Astrophysics Update

The Fueling and Evolution of AGN: Internal and External Triggers

In this chapter, I review the fueling and evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) under the influence of internal and external triggers, namely intrinsic properties of host galaxies (morphological or Hubble type, color, presence of bars and other non-axisymmetric features, etc) and external factors such as environment and interactions. The most daunting challenge in fueling AGN is arguably the angular momentum problem as even matter located at a radius of a few hundred pc must lose more than 99.99 % of its specific angular momentum before it is fit for consumption by a BH. I review mass accretion rates, angular momentum requirements, the effectiveness of different fueling mechanisms, and the growth and mass density of black BHs at different epochs. I discuss connections between the nuclear and larger-scale properties of AGN, both locally and at intermediate redshifts, outlining some recent results from the GEMS and GOODS HST surveys.Comment: Invited Review Chapter to appear in LNP Volume on "AGN Physics on All Scales", Chapter 6, in press. 40 pages, 12 figures. Typo in Eq 5 correcte