Molecular analysis of two adjacent transcription terminators in yeast

RHO1, a member of the ras superfamily of genes, is located on chromosome XIII adjacent to MRP2, a gene coding for mitochondrial ribosomal protein (Madaule and Axel, 1985, Myers, et al. 1987) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that RHO1 and MRP2 are transcribed convergently and the 3[superscript]\u27 ends of the two coding sequences are separated by only 281 nucleotides (Madaule et al., 1987);The physical relationship between RHO1 and MRP2 was investigated at the transcriptional level by mapping the termini of both transcripts. RHO1 transcripts were found to possess extensive nontranslated regions with jagged initiation and polyadenylation sites whereas the nontranslated regions of MRP2 transcripts were of a length typically found in S. cerevisiae mRNAs. The 3[superscript]\u27 termini of RHO1 and MRP2 transcripts were demonstrated to overlap by approximately 111 nucleotides;The functional significance of the transcriptional overlap at the 3[superscript]\u27 ends of RHO1 and MRP2 was examined in vivo by truncating each gene a few nucleotides downstream from the translational stop codon, and genetically testing whether each truncated gene produced a functional protein. Both truncated alleles produced functional proteins indicating their expression is not dependent on the native 3[superscript]\u27 non-translated region of the transcript. Elimination of the 111 nucleotide overlap by insertion of foreign yeast genomic DNA between RHO1 and MRP2 and overproduction of the antisense overlap by insertion of HIS3 near the TAG translation termination codon of RHO1 or MRP2 (Donahue et al., 1982) did not affect the general location of polyadenylation in MRP2 and RHO1 transcripts;Dissection of the intergenic region between RHO1 and MRP2 allowed the identification of two independent transcriptional terminator sequences capable of terminating URA3 transcription. Each terminator was demonstrated to efficiently terminate URA3 transcription at wild type RHO1 and MRP2 polyadenylation sites only in one orientation. The MRP2 terminator was identified as a 16 nucleotide alternating TA sequence by site directed mutagenesis. It was shown to be essential in a sequence specific manner yet not sufficient for transcription termination;Together, these findings demonstrate that RHO1 and MRP2 transcripts are independently processed regardless of their close physical association and they provide an interesting example of the evolutionary compaction of the S. cerevisiae genome

Hitchcock and humor : a study in collaborative authorship

text“Hitchcock and Humor: a Study in Collaborative Authorship” presents three case studies that examine how Hitchcock’s humor, a critical component of his touch, fluctuates and varies in accordance with his collaborators and his creative control. The first collaboration addressed involves Hitchcock’s dealings with producer David O Selznick on both Rebecca (1940) and Spellbound (1945). By tracing each film through its initial treatments to its final screenplay, the each man’s individual contribution comes to light and explains why Rebecca lacks the humor required for the full Hitchcock touch whereas Spellbound does provide comic moments. Under Selznick, Hitchcock first established a working relationship with actor Cary Grant. The two would continue to collaborate as the years went on and made four films together in all: Suspicion (1941), Notorious (1946), To Catch a Thief (1955), and North by Northwest (1959). In each subsequent film Hitchcock’s methods of humor mesh more with Grant’s screwball persona culminating in a Hitchcock classic full of funny moments. Along with Hitchcock’s wit and Grant’s physical comedy, North by Northwest owes a debt of gratitude to its screenwriter Ernest Lehman who created the original script simply out of sketches of characters and moments. The third case study examines the humor in Frenzy (1972). While Hitchcock’s recent films had failed to reproduce the Hitchcock touch for an uncharacteristic lack of humor, Frenzy is laced with tongue-in-cheek action. The story was based on Arthur La Bern’s novel Goodbye Piccadilly, Farewell Leicester Square (1972) and was adapted to the screen by playwright Anthony Shaffer to create what many call Hitchcock’s return to form. These case studies reveal that the inclusion of humor in Hitchcock’s films comes about when Hitchcock has the freedom away from the pressures of the studio and studio heads to assert his creative control with the collaborators and films of his choosing, preferably collaborators whose aesthetics compliment his own, and preferably films whose genre allows for generous tongue-in-cheek.Radio-Television-Fil

By The Numbers

Iowa State student responses to questions on sex, drinking, and their life on and off campus. And the survey says..

Discovering What Makes Urban Extension Unique Within the Interdependent Urban–Rural Continuum: Editors’ Introduction to the Urban Extension-Themed Issue of JHSE

This special issue continues JHSE’s commitment to promoting the practical implications of research – the goal of this issue is to add to the national conversation on urban Extension through a diverse collection of articles for decision makers to efficiently draw upon as they consider urban dynamics and Extension investments. The intent is not to diminish the importance of rural and suburban Extension work but is to better understand unique characteristics of Extension in urban communities. Ultimately, Extension innovation along the entire rural–urban continuum creates connections and impacts that align with Extension’s mission.Authors address the distinct aspects of Extension in urban settings through meaningful examples of research, practice, and theory related to Extension positioning, programs, personnel, and partnerships. Contributing authors review historical foundations, current applications, and future influences of urban Extension. This special issue highlights the work of invited authors who have specializations in urban Extension and who represent a range of geographic perspectives. These authors’ distinct circumstances and varied experiences collectively benefit Extension. Common themes include engaging diverse stakeholders, valuing partnerships, mobilizing limited resources, and implementing Extension’s relevant approach to technical and human dimensions of innovation in metropolitan communities

University-based Principal Preparation Programs in Texas in 2019: Where is Special Education?

Most principal training programs in the United States focus very little on preparing aspiring instructional leaders to lead programs for students with disabilities. An examination of principal preparation programs and their SPED components is necessary at a time when standards have been revised and new certification exams have been constructed in Texas. To explore the presence of SPED topics in principal certification courses, we used a classical content analysis with a group of university-based principal preparation programs. Almost half of the universities in our study required 18 semester hours or fewer for principal certification, and none of these had course titles specific to SPED. Implications for supporting new principals in practice are provided

Mind The Gap: Career Resiliency Across Generational Approach

Bridging the divide among generations, well-being, and uncertainties to create an adaptable, seamless career capital journey. The impact of globalization, demographic changes, and technological advancements among other factors, have been driving new forms of organization, new ways of working, and new characteristics of the workforce 2026. To assist first-generation students and their parents with navigating this new world economy, adaptive programming and approaches must be implemented.Therefore, presenters will introduce an interactive virtual series, designed to assist first-generation students and their parents to adapt the career capital journey through these changing and uncertain times by: Surveying services and programs in the Office of Career Advancement as a guide to their career exploration path Learning from the experience of our Alumni about the obstacles they overcame Maneuvering the myriad of online platforms to advance their ability to operate in this ever-changing and emerging virtual landscape Enhancing skill sets and resumes by learning alternate opportunities Expanding visions and preparation for careers that do not exist yet Presenters will also highlight: The process of researching presentation topics for program implementation. Strategies for collaborating with institutional stakeholders across campus to encourage student engagement. Refining of program series for implementation at participants’ institution/departmen

The Journal of the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching and Learning

IMPACT: The Journal of the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning is a peer-reviewed, biannual online journal that publishes scholarly and creative non-fiction essays about the theory, practice and assessment of interdisciplinary education. Impact is produced by the Center for Interdisciplinary Teaching & Learning at the College of General Studies, Boston University (www.bu.edu/cgs/citl).In this issue, podcasts are looked at as a pedagogical game changer. Using the award-wining podcast Serial as their catalyst, this issue's essayists look at podcast's emerging role in higher education, how multimodal learning can help students find their voices, the podcast's place in the curriculum at a criminal justice college, and how podcasts can inspire students to reflectively assess their own writing. Our reviewers take a critical look at the podcasts Welcome to Night Vale and Revisionist History

Pollen interception by linyphiid spiders in a corn agroecosystem: Implications for dietary diversification and risk-assessment

Dietary diversification, including consumption of plant tissues such as pollen, can enhance the fecundity of generalist predators, resulting in improved control of pest prey. Supplemental pollen feeding has been observed in many natural enemies, including sheet-web spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae), which represent a major component of food webs in agroecosystems. Their horizontal, ground-based webs have the potential to intercept pollen grains during anthesis of crop plants, providing the opportunity for consumption of pollen to occur. In laboratory feeding trials, Frontinella communis and Tennesseellum formicum (Araneae: Linyphiidae) readily fed on pollen grains dusted on their webs, with 82 and 92% of spiders consuming pollen within the 210 min trial. These results revealed a strong potential for dietary supplementation with pollen in ground-based sheet-web spiders, indicating that pollen feeding may be an important component of the feeding biology of linyphiids. To measure pollen and prey interception in simulated linyphiid webs, a 20 m × 20 m grid of miniature sticky traps was established within and downwind of a corn agroecosystem. Traps were exposed for 24 h, all intercepted material was transferred to the laboratory for subsequent identification, and replaced with additional traps for 28 consecutive days in July and August 2008, to encompass periods before, during and after anthesis. Over 150,000 corn pollen grains and 5,000 prey items (dominated by Collembola and Hemiptera) were intercepted at simulated web-sites. Dates of peak anthesis resulted in pollen counts as high as 4,000 grains per web-site in the interior of the cornfield. Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE) indicated significant temporal and spatial variability in pollen interception within and outside the corn field, but interestingly there was no significant spatial association between pollen and prey. Furthermore, transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn expresses insecticidal proteins in pollen, posing an exposure risk to non-target arthropods. Consumption of corn pollen may be a route to transgenic protein exposure in this important taxon of generalist predators

Western corn rootworm pyrethroid resistance confirmed by aerial application simulations of commercial insecticides

The western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) (WCR) is a major insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.) in the United States (US) and is highly adaptable to multiple management tactics. A low level of WCR field-evolved resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been confirmed in the US western Corn Belt by laboratory dose-response bioassays. Further investigation has identified detoxification enzymes as a potential part of the WCR resistance mechanism, which could affect the performance of insecticides that are structurally related to pyrethroids, such as organophosphates. Thus, the responses of pyrethroid-resistant and -susceptible WCR populations to the commonly used pyrethroid bifenthrin and organophosphate dimethoate were compared in active ingredient bioassays. Results revealed a relatively low level of WCR resistance to both active ingredients. Therefore, a simulated aerial application bioassay technique was developed to evaluate how the estimated resistance levels would affect performance of registered rates of formulated products. The simulated aerial application technique confirmed pyrethroid resistance to formulated rates of bifenthrin whereas formulated dimethoate provided optimal control. Results suggest that the relationship between levels of resistance observed in dose-response bioassays and actual efficacy of formulated product needs to be further explored to understand the practical implications of resistance