"CRAFTING" HONGSHAN COMMUNITIES?HOUSEHOLD ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CHIFENG REGION OF EASTERN INNER MONGOLIA, PRC

The focus of this research is the Hongshan period (ca. 4500-3000 BCE) chiefly community of Fushanzhuang, centered on a group of elite burial mounds and other monuments, located in the Chifeng region of eastern Inner Mongolia. Our purpose was to determine to what degree, if any, inter-household economic specialization (as opposed to ritual specialization) underwrote the emergence of social hierarchy at Fushanzhuang, and perhaps more generally during the Hongshan period. Fieldwork began with an intensive systematic survey for, and the intensive surface artifact collection of, a large sample of the core community's constituent households. These data, along with those collected during subsequent "micro-regional" surface survey for additional outlying settlement, were used to estimate Fushanzhuang's duration of occupation, and its areal and demographic parameters.From analysis of surface-collected lithic artifacts we identified five distinct economic emphases—or "specializations"—among households at Fushanzhuang. These emphases include initial tool production, tool finishing, tertiary tool production/maintenance, agricultural production, and "generalism". Additional analyses of lithic reduction provided corroboration for these different activities. From analyses of ceramic decoration, paste, and vessel type, as well as information on personal ornaments, we inferred the presence of differences in both status and wealth accumulation between households, two dimensions of social ranking that did not correlate with one another. We also found that economic specialization did not co-vary with higher status at Fushanzhuang. Most of Fushanzhuang's higher status households were among its least specialized in terms of their activities. Nearly all higher status households were also among its least wealthy. In contrast, its most specialized households—especially those engaged in stone tool production—tended to be among the community's wealthiest. Only a very few of these, however, also appear to have enjoyed higher than average social standing.These findings suggest two separate but co-extant social hierarchies in Hongshan society: one based on the accumulation of wealth via economic specialization, the other based on something else—perhaps ritual authority. Thus, although economic specialization contributed to community coalescence, and to the creation of wealth differentials at Fushanzhuang, it cannot be said to have exclusively underwritten the development of social hierarchy there

Characterization of the movement of spray drift past a shelterbelt

Pesticide use is an important component of the agricultural industry. Pesticides are typically applied to crops as a droplet spray, and these droplets are susceptible to off-target movement due to wind, which is called spray drift. It has recently been recognized that shelterbelts may protect vulnerable downwind areas from spray drift. There is a need to characterize the movement of spray drift past a shelterbelt to better understand the extent of this protection and the variables which affect it. The variables investigated in this research may be classified as meteorological conditions, spray application settings, and shelterbelt properties.This research investigated the movement of spray drift past a 5 m tall carragana/chokecherry shelterbelt. Spray was applied using a conventional sprayer that travelled on a path that was upwind and parallel to the shelterbelt. A tracer substance was mixed into the spray solution, and the deposition and airborne concentration of drift was measured using a variety of collectors placed at perpendicular distances up- and downwind of a shelterbelt. The mass of drift deposit on the collectors was determined using spectrofluoremetry and standard solutions.When the spray swath was a distance of 3H (where H is the height of the shelterbelt) upwind of the shelterbelt, it was found that the ground deposition of drift at a distance of 0.5H downwind of the shelterbelt was reduced by approximately 74%, compared to the drift deposit at 0.5H upwind. The reduction over the same downwind distances was 29% in the open field setting. The airborne drift cloud was attenuated by the shelterbelt and the airborne concentration of drift exiting the shelterbelt was reduced by approximately 85% of the entering drift. The airborne drift concentration profile indicated that there was a greater proportion of drift travelling over the top of the shelterbelt rather than passing through the shelterbelt, with the peak concentration occurring at approximately 1.2H.Qualitative and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the significance of a number of meteorological and controlled variables on the deposition of drift. It was found that the mass of drift deposited downwind of the shelterbelt increased with a higher wind speed, higher temperature, and lower relative humidity. For the range of meteorological conditions sampled, the effect of wind direction and atmospheric stability were found to be insignificant. Finer spray qualities and higher shelterbelt optical porosity produced greater airborne drift and deposition downwind of the shelterbelt. With increasing upwind sprayer distance, the mass of drift deposited within the shelterbelt decreased

The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Exceeds in Cultivating Fine Art Through the Medium of Film

The Lord of the Rings film trilogy transgresses the common movie. Through the medium of film, it replaces an average movie experience by expressing and cultivating fine arts such as music, writing, and conceptual art, to bring one of the most rich and influential stories of our time onto the screen

Pengaruh Dari Penerapan Big Data, Penerapan Cloud Computing, dan Penerapan Artificial Intelligence Pada Kinerja Profesi Akuntan Dalam Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 di PT. Perada Swara Productions

Given the importance of accounting as a tool to achieve accountability, the accounting profession and its practitioners cannot be ignored under any circumstances. To continue to provide value and to be current and relevant, the accounting science field and the accounting profession must evolve and adapt to new circumstances, while remaining connected to the wider world. With the development of technology, accountants are also required to be able to upgrade ability and knowledge of available technology. Big Data, Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence is one of three examples of technology that will affect the performance of accountants in the company. The aim of this research is that the writer wants to know whether the performance of the accountants at PT. Perada Swara Productions for implementation big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence has been efficient or helped accountants to improve the performance quality of accountants at PT. Perada Swara Production or not. Based on research results, Implementation Big data and Implementation Artificial Intelligence on the performance of accountants has a good effect on the performance of accountants because it is able to help understand what is happening within the company, helps determine what is likely to happen, and supports the work of accountants such as making or preparing financial statement records. While implementation Cloud Computing does not affect the performance of accountants due to the possibility of access cloud from servers that have constraints such as limitations in data processing are not as fast as thought, so the time needed in data processing is not on time. Keywords: Accountant Professional Performance, Big Data Implementation, Cloud Computing Implementation, Artificial Intelligence Application   Abstrak Mengingat pentingnya akuntansi sebagai alat untuk mencapai akuntabilitas, maka profesi akuntansi dan para praktisinya tidak dapat diabaikan dalam keadaan apapun. Untuk terus memberikan nilai dan menjadi terkini dan relevan, bidang ilmu akuntansi dan profesi akuntansi harus berkembang dan beradaptasi dengan keadaan baru, sambil tetap terhubung dengan dunia yang lebih luas.  Dengan berkembangnya teknologi, para akuntan juga dituntut untuk dapat meng-upgrade kemampuan dan pengetahuan mengenai teknologi yang ada. Big Data, Cloud Computing dan Artificial Intelligence adalah salah tiga contoh teknologi yang akan mempengaruh kinerja para akuntan dalam perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kinerja para akuntan di PT. Perada Swara Productions terhadap penerapan big data, cloud computing dan artificial intelligence telah efisien atau tidak dalam membantu para akuntan untuk menaikan kualitas kinerja para akuntan di PT. Perada Swara Production. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Penerapan Big data dan Penerapan Artificial Intelligence terhadap kinerja para akuntan berpengaruh baik terhadap kinerja para akuntan karena mampu membantu memahami apa yang terjadi didalam perusahaan, membantu menentukan apa yang kemungkinan akan terjadi, dan mendukung pekerjaan para akuntan seperti membuat atau menyiapkan pencatatan laporan keuangan. Sedangkan penerapan Cloud Computing tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja para akuntan dikarenakan kemungkinan pengaksesan cloud dari server yang memiliki kendala seperti keterbatasan dalam pemrosesan data tidak secepat yang dikira, sehingga waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam pemrosesan data tidak tepat waktu. Kata kunci: Kinerja Profesi Akuntan, Penerapan Big Data, Penerapan Cloud Computing, Penerapan Artificial IntelligenceAbstrak Mengingat pentingnya akuntansi sebagai alat untuk mencapai akuntabilitas, maka profesi akuntansi dan para praktisinya tidak dapat diabaikan dalam keadaan apapun. Untuk terus memberikan nilai dan menjadi terkini dan relevan, bidang ilmu akuntansi dan profesi akuntansi harus berkembang dan beradaptasi dengan keadaan baru, sambil tetap terhubung dengan dunia yang lebih luas.  Dengan berkembangnya teknologi, para akuntan juga dituntut untuk dapat meng-upgrade kemampuan dan pengetahuan mengenai teknologi yang ada. Big Data, Cloud Computing dan Artificial Intelligence adalah salah tiga contoh teknologi yang akan mempengaruh kinerja para akuntan dalam perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah kinerja para akuntan di PT. Perada Swara Productions terhadap penerapan big data, cloud computing dan artificial intelligence telah efisien atau tidak dalam membantu para akuntan untuk menaikan kualitas kinerja para akuntan di PT. Perada Swara Production. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Penerapan Big data dan Penerapan Artificial Intelligence terhadap kinerja para akuntan berpengaruh baik terhadap kinerja para akuntan karena mampu membantu memahami apa yang terjadi didalam perusahaan, membantu menentukan apa yang kemungkinan akan terjadi, dan mendukung pekerjaan para akuntan seperti membuat atau menyiapkan pencatatan laporan keuangan. Sedangkan penerapan Cloud Computing tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja para akuntan dikarenakan kemungkinan pengaksesan cloud dari server yang memiliki kendala seperti keterbatasan dalam pemrosesan data tidak secepat yang dikira, sehingga waktu yang dibutuhkan dalam pemrosesan data tidak tepat waktu. Kata kunci: Kinerja Profesi Akuntan, Penerapan Big Data, Penerapan Cloud Computing, Penerapan Artificial Intelligenc

6510 Magere Flachland-Mähwiesen (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis)

Artenreiche, extensiv bewirtschaftete Mähwiesen des Verbandes Arrhenatherion elatioris (planar-kolline Frischwiesen), im Flach- und Hügelland vorkommend. Der Lebensraumtyp schließt sowohl trockene Ausbildungen, typische Ausbildungen frischer, sowie Ausbildungen feuchter bis wechselfeuchter Standorte ein. Im Gegensatz zum Intensivgrünland sind Flachland-Mähwiesen blütenreich und wenig gedüngt. Der erste Heuschnitt erfolgt nicht vor der Hauptblütezeit der Gräser

Water Usage Reduction at Food Processing Facility

Burke Corporation in Nevada, Iowa uses 25% of the city’s fresh water supply. The company spends $875,000/yr and uses 65,385,000 gal of water. Burke corporation wants to reduce these costs and in turn be more environmentally friendly

CT-guided cervical nerve root injections: comparing the immediate post-injection anesthetic-related effects of the transforaminal injection with a new indirect technique

Objective: To describe an "indirect” cervical nerve root injection technique with a dorsal approach that should carry less inherent risk than the "direct” cervical transforaminal injection approach, and to compare the immediate post-injection results of the two procedures. Materials and methods: The indirect and direct cervical nerve root injection procedures are described in detail. Fifty-three consecutive patients receiving the indirect nerve root injections during 2009-2010 were age- and gender-matched to 53 patients who underwent direct transforaminal nerve root injections performed in 2006. Pain level data were collected immediately before and 20-30min after each procedure. The percentages of pain change in the two groups were compared using the unpaired Student'st test. Results: Fifty-two men (mean age 49) and 54 women (mean age 55) were included. The mean percentage of pain reduction for patients receiving indirect nerve root injections was 38.4% and for those undergoing the direct nerve root injections approach it was 43.2%. This was not significantly different (P = 0.455). No immediate or late adverse effects were reported after either injection procedure. Conclusions: The indirect cervical nerve root injection procedure is a potentially safer alternative to direct cervical transforaminal nerve root injections. The short-term pain reduction is similar using the two injection method