Lighting a Fire Under Free Speech: The FDA\u27s Graphic Attempts to Reduce Smoking Rates

This article explores whether a graphic warning is possible or preferable in the government\u27s fight against tobacco. Part II outlines a brief history of tobacco regulation in the United States. Part III turns to the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) and the FDA\u27s initial rulemaking process. Part IV outlines the doctrine of commercial free speech, and Part V discusses why the Rule faced insurmountable challenges under this jurisprudence. Part VI explores how the FDA may overcome these hurdles in its future rulemaking, while Part VII discusses alternative methods through which the government can pursue its anti-tobacco agenda without encroaching on tobacco companies\u27 constitutional rights

Full Court Press: How Mississippi Newspapers Helped Keep State College Basketball Segregated, 1955-1973

During the civil rights era, Mississippi was cloaked in the hateful embrace of the Closed Society, historian James Silver’s description of the white caste systems that used State’s Rights to enforce segregation and promote the subservient treatment of blacks. Surprisingly, challenges from Mississippi’s college basketball courts brought into question the validity of the Closed Society and its unwritten law, a gentleman’s agreement that prevented college teams in the Magnolia State from playing against integrated foes. Led by Mississippi State University’s (MSU) basketball team, which won four Southeastern Conference championships in a five-year span, the newspapers in Mississippi often debated the legitimacy of MSU’s claims to a trip to the integrated NCAA national championship tournament with some reporters, namely Jimmy Ward of the Jackson Daily News, damning the Starkville-five for their attempted violation of the state’s white-dominated social structure. Others, such as Jimmie McDowell of the Jackson State Times, emerged from the sports desk as a bold and progressive voice in the annals of Mississippi journalism. By the time MSU added its first black basketball players in 1971, the Closed Society had loosened its grip on Mississippi’s newspapers as evident in the absence of race-based descriptions and identifications of these brave athletes. This dissertation examines the role Mississippi’s journalists played, from 1955 through 1973, in maintaining segregated college basketball in the state and its reaction to the integration of basketball teams at University of Southern Mississippi, the University of Mississippi, and Mississippi State University. In total, the press either condemned any efforts to introduce social equality in Mississippi’s athletic avenues, remained silent, or supported such efforts in the name of national basketball dominance

Crashing the IR Party: Artists as Scholars in Institutional Repositories

Andrea Schuler, Digital Collections Librarian and Ashley Peterson, fine arts Research & Instruction Librarian began working together in July 2016 on an initiative to include visual art thesis projects in the Tufts University institutional repository. This project, now in its third year, has resulted in the addition of dozens of visual arts theses into the repository, where they are available alongside senior honors theses from across disciplines in the Schools of Arts, Sciences, and Engineering. In this presentation, Schuler & Peterson will outline their initial research into best practices and case studies regarding artwork-as-scholarship in IRs, describe their pilot project, and summarize subsequent improvements and future directions. They will focus on the affective labor of this initiative, describing how they attempt to foster student engagement, achieve faculty buy-in, and navigate a project with multiple, cross-departmental institutional stakeholders. They will also speak to the technical challenges of representing artwork in a platform designed for text files. More broadly, the presentation will highlight opportunities to engage undergraduate students in the larger scholarly conversation and to introduce concepts of open access, copyright, and licensing in a real-world situation. The project offers a low-resource model for creating access to new types of material and empowers student artists to contextualize their work within the larger body of an institution’s scholarly output, while working within the limits of a repository designed for more “traditional” scholarship. After the presentation, in addition to questions, audience members will be encouraged to share examples of related work or unmet needs at their own institutions in order to broaden the conversation

Filling in the Gaps: Using Multiple Imputation to Improve Statistical Accuracy

Missing data is a problem that many researchers face, particularly when using large surveys. Information is lost when analyzing a dataset with missing data, leading to less precise estimates. Multiple imputation (MI) using chained equations is a way to handle the missing value while using all available information given in the dataset to predict the missing values. In this study, we used data from the Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), a large national study of health and well-being that contains missing data. We created a complete dataset using MI. Following that we performed multiple regression analyses probing the relationships between sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and numbers of chronic conditions. Importantly, we compared the results from analyses using imputed data to those from the original dataset. We found that using multiple imputation substantially increased sample size from 3,204 to 7,108 participants and decreased standard errors by an average of 4.81%. This research supports the use of appropriate methods of multiple imputation to facilitate more accurate estimates of associations between disease risk factors and health outcomes in survey research

12 Sunsets

Review of 12 Sunsets, Reviewed February 2021 by Ashley Peterson, Research & Instruction Librarian, Digital Scholarship & Data Literacy UCLA Library [email protected]

Estimation of Rumen Microbial Protein Production and Ruminal Protein Degradation

Animal agricultural production systems are a major source of nitrogen (N) which may contribute to potential environmental pollution and one way to reduce losses of N to the environment is through feeding protein closer to requirements without overfeeding. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two rumen degraded protein (RDP) sources (non-protein N in the form of urea and amino acid-N in the form of casein) on microbial N (MN) flow, digestibility and production in lactating dairy cows. Eight ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows were fed one of four dietary treatments in a repeated 4x4 Latin square. The first diet (BASE) served as the negative control and contained 12.2% crude protein (CP). The remaining diets contained either urea (UREA), casein (CAS), or a combination of both (U+C) on an equal N basis and contained 15.0% CP. Cows were infused with Co-EDTA, Cr-mordanted NDF and 15N which were used as markers for liquid, solid and bacteria flow, respectively. Intake, duodenal MN flow, milk production, and digestibility were lower when cows were fed the BASE diet and there were differences in MN flow between the UREA, CAS or U+C diets. Ruminal starch digestibility was highest when cows were fed the U+C diet and NDF digestibility was higher when cows were fed the CAS and U+C diets. Therefore a source of RDP with amino acids was required to maximize both fiber and starch digestibility. In the same study flow rates of various particle sizes from reticulum and duodenal samples were compared as well as the bacterial attachment to these particles as they flow through the digestive tract. Digesta collected from both the reticulum and the duodenum were poured over a set of sieves to allow for particle size separation. Flow rates of DM, NDF and N differed depending on particle size and the composition of the various sieve fractions differed but was still similar between reticulum and duodenal samples. Bacterial attachment differed depending on particle size and location in the digestive tract. These results indicate the importance of particle size passage from the rumen and the usefulness of flow markers to adjust for unrepresentative sampling from both the rumen and the duodenum. A better understanding of the responses of MN flow due to RDP source can lead to improved diet formulation models which can be used to balance dairy cattle rations for optimum production yet minimize losses of N from the cow and therefore to the environment

Here is the Place to Begin Your Explorations: An Autoethnographical Examination into Student Teaching Abroad

Participation in study abroad programs has increased steadily since the late 1980s and has tripled in the past two decades. Benefits of these experiences include positive academic performance, improved mental health, and better professional development—but for pre-service teachers who study abroad, these positive benefits can also transfer into culturally relevant pedagogy. As the need for teacher preparation programs to equip their students with global competence grows, cultivating undergraduates’ abilities to appreciate diverse perspectives not only empowers them to thrive in an interconnected world but also enables them to meet the academic and social needs of their culturally diverse students. In this paper, the authors use an assortment of methods (such as classroom observations, research journals, artifacts, and freewriting) to document and reflect on their international student teaching practicums. Autoethnography serves as a methodological vehicle to promote reflection on personal experiences embedded within larger cultural contexts. These narratives are then filtered through the theoretical framework of transformative learning theory to produce reflective analyses of our habits of mind and cultivate autonomous thinking

Publishing Manifestos

Review of Publishing Manifestos, Reviewed July 2019 by Ashley Peterson, Research & Instruction Librarian, School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts University, [email protected]