Completeness of Digital Accessible Knowledge of the Plants of Ghana

Providing comprehensive, informative, primary, research-grade biodiversity information represents an important focus of biodiversity informatics initiatives. Recent efforts within Ghana have digitized >90% of primary biodiversity data records associated with specimen sheets in Ghanaian herbaria; additional herbarium data are available from other institutions via biodiversity informatics initiatives such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. However, data on the plants of Ghana have not as yet been integrated and assessed to establish how complete site inventories are, so that appropriate levels of confidence can be applied. In this study, we assessed inventory completeness and identified gaps in current Digital Accessible Knowledge (DAK) of the plants of Ghana, to prioritize areas for future surveys and inventories. We evaluated the completeness of inventories at ½° spatial resolution using statistics that summarize inventory completeness, and characterized gaps in coverage in terms of geographic distance and climatic difference from well-documented sites across the country. The southwestern and southeastern parts of the country held many well-known grid cells; the largest spatial gaps were found in central and northern parts of the country. Climatic difference showed contrasting patterns, with a dramatic gap in coverage in central-northern Ghana. This study provides a detailed case study of how to prioritize for new botanical surveys and inventories based on existing DAK

Aryl Sulfonates in Inversions at Secondary Carbohydrate Hydroxyl Groups: A New and Improved Route Toward 3-Azido-3-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosides

A method of using benzenesulfonates and imidazylates as leaving groups at the secondary C3 galactopyranose carbon, instead of the commonly used less stable triflate leaving group, to facilitate scale-up and improve reproducibility is disclosed. The benzenesulfonates and imidazylates were proven to be significantly more stable than the corresponding triflates and the method was used to devise an improved route toward 3-azido-3-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosides

S1_8 Energy Saving In the Home

This article explores some of the major contributors to energy consumption within the student household and investigates various ways of reducing this consumption fairly easily and thus saving money. It is found that a house of three students will save approximately £295.65 per student over four years. Â

S1_6 Iceman

This article investigates the physics behind x-men’s Iceman and his ability to produce ice out of the air. Some theoretical ideas to explain the anomaly are suggested. It is concluded that, although he is a genetically advanced human, Iceman is still human and so the energy required to produce any significant amount of ice (being >1kg) is unrealistic and too high to be of any practical use. Â

S1_10 Dangerous Sports: Rugby

This article explores the damage done to players on the rugby pitch during collisions and tackles. It is found that a dump tackle done by an average 100kg male rugby player on another player exerts a force akin to what a driver would feel in a  ~30mph car crash into a solid wall. For two players running head-on the force felt is akin to a 40mph crash

Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceptions on Cannabis Among Older Adults Aged 65 and Older: A cross-sectional Survey.

OBJECTIVE: With the rise of medical and recreational cannabis use among older adults, concerns about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use are increasing. This pilot study aimed to determine the attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of older adults toward cannabis as a medicinal product, to establish a foundation for future research on how healthcare providers communicate with this population regarding cannabis. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on adults aged 65 and older living in Philadelphia. The survey included questions related to participants\u27 demographics, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of cannabis. Participants were recruited via flyer distributions, publications in newsletters, and a local newspaper. Surveys were conducted from December 2019 through May 2020. Quantitative data were presented using counts, mean, median, and percentages, and qualitative data were analyzed by categorizing common responses. RESULTS: The study aimed to recruit 50 participants, of whom 47 met the requirements, and had their data analyzed, resulting in an average age of 71 years. The majority of participants were male (53%) and Black (64%). Seventy-six percent of participants considered cannabis a highly important treatment for older adults, and 42% considered themselves highly knowledgeable about cannabis. Over half of the participants reported being asked about tobacco (55%) or alcohol (57%) use by their PCP compared to 23% being asked about cannabis. Participants indicated that they most commonly turned to the internet and social media for information about cannabis, while only a small number mentioned relying on their primary care physician (PCP) for such information. DISCUSSION: The results of this pilot study highlight the need for accurate and reliable information about cannabis for older adults and their healthcare providers. As the use of cannabis as a therapy continues to rise, it is crucial for healthcare providers to address misconceptions and encourage older adults to seek out evidence-based research. Further research is needed to explore healthcare providers\u27 perceptions of cannabis therapy and how they can better educate older adults

3D Evolution of a Good-Bad-Ugly-F Model on Compactified Hyperboloidal Slices

The Good-Bad-Ugly-F model is a system of semi-linear wave equations that mimics the asymptotic form of the Einstein field equations in generalized harmonic gauge with specific constraint damping and suitable gauge source functions. These constraint additions and gauge source functions eliminate logarithmic divergences appearing at the leading order in the asymptotic expansion of the metric components. In this work, as a step towards using compactified hyperboloidal slices in numerical relativity, we evolve this model numerically in spherical symmetry, axisymmetry and full 3d on such hyperboloidal slices. Promising numerical results are found in all cases. Our results show that nonlinear systems of wave equations with the asymptotics of the Einstein field equations in the above form can be reliably captured within hyperboloidal numerical evolution without assuming symmetry.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure