Colony losses in Scotland in 2004-2006 from a sample survey

In the early summer of 2006, a postal survey of beekeeping in Scotland was carried out on behalf of the Executive of the Scottish Beekeepers' Association (SBA), to obtain an overview of some general aspects of current beekeeping practice and experience in Scotland. Of particular interest were colony losses and also extent and impact of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman, 2000). The Scottish experience is of interest, as V. destructor is not yet universally present throughout the country

An update on recent colony losses in Scotland from a sample survey covering 2006-2008

Peterson et al. (2009) reported figures on honey bee colony losses from a postal survey of beekeepers in Scotland carried out in early summer 2006 on behalf of the Executive of the Scottish Beekeepers' Association (SBA). We now provide updated figures on Scottish colony losses and on the reasons for these losses, from a repeat survey in late spring 2008 and covering the period April 2006 to April 2008

Varroa and losses of bee colonies in Scotland

In relation to Scotland, some interesting findings on unexplained colony losses and a possible link to Varroa infestation of bee colonies arise from a survey of members of the Scottish Beekeepers' Association (SBA) carried out in May 2006. This survey covered the period April 2004 to March 2006 and was undertaken largely as a response to reports of apparently newly emerging problems with queen rearing in parts of southern England and concern over the effects of the arrival of Varroa destructor in Scotland in 1996 and its subsequent wide spread across the country

The SBA survey 2008 : some preliminary findings

Following the survey of SBA members in 2006, a second survey was carried out in late spring of 2008 to monitor the ongoing effects of Varroa and experiences of colony loss. It also attempted to collect information on various environmental factors rumoured to be possible causes of colony collapse disorder (CCD), to enable further investigation and modelling of the risk of sudden colony collapse. The design of this survey was described in the November 2008 issue of the Scottish Beekeeper

Geometrically-Complex Magnetic Field Distributions Enabled By Bulk, Laser-Micromachined Permanent Magnets At The Submillimeter Scale

High-energy-product permanent magnets (PM) are utilized in many industrial, research, consumer, and commercial applications. Indeed, there are many potential applications that can utilize sub-mm PM to create miniaturized versions of motors, generators, energy harvesters, undulators, sensors, actuators, and other microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Magnets in MEMS are both important and useful because they can provide a strong force at a distance within a compact package; however, there exists a gap in magnet technologies today where magnets have little to no presence between bottom-up microfabricated PM and top-down machined bulk PM. Thus, there is a need for a form of PM that can be 100–500��m thick with lateral dimensions of the same order to fill this gap and provide the advantageous magnetic properties of bulk PM at this scale. This dissertation presents the development of laser micromachining as a fabrication technology that enables the microfabrication of PM to generate geometrically complex magnetic fields at the sub-mm scale. Generating geometrically complex magnetic fields at the sub-mm scale opens up new possibilities in medical technology, energy generation, and many other applications. Models simulating magnetic properties and the effects of laser machining are presented and compared to measurements. The fabrication technology discussed here allows sub-mm, geometrically complex magnetic fields to be achieved while maintaining the characteristics of bulk PM. The utility of this advance in fabrication technology is demonstrated through multiple research vehicles, including undulators for radiation generation and multipole energy harvesters operable at low frequency. Such vehicles represent a small sample of the potential applications for this work

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure—Service of Process—Test of Applicability in Diversity Cases—\u3ci\u3eHanna v. Plumer\u3c/i\u3e, 380 U.S. 460 (1965)

The import of the Hanna v. Plumer opinion in its entirety is that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure have been accorded a new priority and certainty of application in future federal court diversity of citizenship cases I. Introduction II. The Procedural Limitation on the Federal Rules: Two Distinct Tests for Two Contexts of the Issue … A. Caveat on the Outcome-Determinative Principle … B. The Validity of the Federal Rule—The Hanna Tes

When the Crp Ends: A Look at Production Alternatives for Highly Erodible Land in Southern Iowa

This report examines the potential use of land currently under CRP contract in a three-county region in southern Iowa. The objectives are twofold: first, to inventory or assess the productivity and ownership characteristics of CRP land in this region and, second, to predict the possible use for these land resources should the CRP cease to exist. In particular, we are concerned with the impact that changing economic conditions, agricultural policy, and technology might have on this transition. The broader consequences of CRP termination in terms of rural economic activity or environmental quality in the region will be examined indirectly, reflected primarily in terms of changes in farm income, land use, and potential rates of soil erosion.

B-Chromosomes and Pollen Size in Maize

Pollen grain size was used to measure the effect of the presence of a low number of B-chromosomes. The pollen grains of forty-two plants distributed among two classes -those with one to five B-chromosomes and those without B-chromosomes were measured. No significant differences could be detected between the mean pollen grain size of B and non-B-chromosome classes. There is an indication of an effect on the variance in pollen grain size of the B-chromosome class