Effects of photoperiod and growth substances on tuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

May 1978.Covers not scanned.Includes bibliographical references.Four growth chamber and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of photoperiod on tuberization of rooted stem cuttings of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank, Norchip, and Red McClure. The results showed that tuberization can be controlled by growing the plants under the appropriate photoperiod. Rooted stem cuttings grown under long photoperiods (16 and 18 hours) produce few or no tubers. Short photoperiods (8 and 12 hours) increased the rate of tuberization in all experiments. Maximum tuberization occurred at the 12 hour photoperiod. Long photoperiods also stimulated vegetative top growth, particularly stem elongation while under the short photoperiod stems were relatively short. The fresh weight of tubers per plant decreased as the length of the photoperiod increased. A marked tendency for plants to branch was observed with plants under long photoperiod. Under the 8 hour photoperiod, plants developed a single stem, but as the length of the photoperiod increased, the plants showed a greater tendency to branch. Maximum branching occurred under a 16 hour photoperiod. Rooted Norchip stem cuttings did not appear to respond to the treatment photoperiods when compared to the Russet Burbank and Red McClure cuttings. Norchip is apparently a day neutral potato cultivar. Exposure of Russet Burbank and Red McClure "Mother plants" to inducive (10 hr) and non-inducive (16 hr) photoperiods had a marked effect on the tuberizing ability of apical stem cuttings taken from these plants. Apical stem cuttings from the 10 hour photoperiod treatment tuberized earlier and produced heavier tubers whereas cuttings from the 16 hour photoperiod produced few or no tubers in all experiments. Rooted stem cuttings of Solanum tuberosum L. cv' s. Russet Burbank, Norchip, Red McClure and Centennial Russet were treated with 2,4-dichloranisole (DCA), 2,3,5-tri-fodooenzoic acid (TIBA), Indol-3-Acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Ethrel (E) at various concentration. No significant trends were observed with any of the growth substances with respect to their potential for increasing the number and fresh weight of tubers per plant

The Intracloud to Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Ratio Associated with Extreme Weather Over the Contiguous United States

This poster reviews the program to estimate the intracloud (IC) to cloud-to-ground (CG) ratio (Z = IC/CG) of a large sample of extreme (i.e., severe) weather events over the contiguous United States (CONUS) using coincident Optical Transient Detector (OTD) [or Lightning Image Sensor (LIS)] and National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) observation

Situational Awareness, Driver’s Trust in Automated Driving Systems and Secondary Task Performance

Driver assistance systems, also called automated driving systems, allow drivers to immerse themselves in non-driving-related tasks. Unfortunately, drivers may not trust the automated driving system, which prevents either handing over the driving task or fully focusing on the secondary task. We assert that enhancing situational awareness can increase a driver's trust in automation. Situational awareness should increase a driver's trust and lead to better secondary task performance. This study manipulated driversʼ situational awareness by providing them with different types of information: the control condition provided no information to the driver, the low condition provided a status update, while the high condition provided a status update and a suggested course of action. Data collected included measures of trust, trusting behavior, and task performance through surveys, eye-tracking, and heart rate data. Results show that situational awareness both promoted and moderated the impact of trust in the automated vehicle, leading to better secondary task performance. This result was evident in measures of self-reported trust and trusting behavior.This research was supported in part by the Automotive Research Center (ARC) at the University of Michigan, with funding from government contract Department of the Army W56HZV-14-2-0001 through the U. S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC). The authors acknowledge and greatly appreciate the guidance of Victor Paul (TARDEC), Ben Haynes (TARDEC), and Jason Metcalfe (ARL) in helping design the study. The authors would also like to thank Quantum Signal, LLC, for providing its ANVEL software and invaluable development support.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148141/1/SA Trust - SAE- Public.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148141/4/Petersen et al. 2019.pdfDescription of Petersen et al. 2019.pdf : Final Publication Versio

Birds of the Northcentral Alaska Peninsula, 1976-1980

Between spring 1976 and fall 1980 we studied the occurrence, abundance, and habitat use of birds over a 2000 square km segment of the northcentral Alaska Peninsula. During this period observers were present 473 days and obtained records for all seasons. A total of 125 species was recorded; 63% (79 of 125) were water-associated. The breeding avifauna was found to be a mixture of Panboreal (49%), North American (34%), and Aleutican (17%) species. The Aleutican group was dominant in terms of biomass and numbers of individuals during the nonbreeding period. Forty-two species were confirmed breeding in the area and another 19 were suspected of breeding. The majority of birds occurred as migrants; 14 species were considered permanent residents and an additional 20 were winter residents. ... The area is a principal late summer and fall molting and staging area for several species of arctic and subarctic nesting waders and seaducks and emperor geese .... From late September through mid-October the density of water birds over the entire littoral and nearshore area approached 1000 birds square km. This density was exceeded many fold for certain species on particular segments of habitats in the area.Key words: birds, Alaska Peninsula, abundance, migration, nesting, habitat, distribution, zoogeographyMots clés: oiseaux, péninsule d'Alaska, abondance, migration, saison des nids, habitat, distribution, zoogéographi

Usefuinfss of the Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) As an Agent in the Pollination of Fragaria Ananassa Duch. Cv. 'cardinal' Strawberry

Horticultur

A review of RCTs in four medical journals to assess the use of imputation to overcome missing data in quality of life outcomes

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are perceived as the gold-standard method for evaluating healthcare interventions, and increasingly include quality of life (QoL) measures. The observed results are susceptible to bias if a substantial proportion of outcome data are missing. The review aimed to determine whether imputation was used to deal with missing QoL outcomes. Methods: A random selection of 285 RCTs published during 2005/6 in the British Medical Journal, Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine and Journal of American Medical Association were identified. Results: QoL outcomes were reported in 61 (21%) trials. Six (10%) reported having no missing data, 20 (33%) reported ≤ 10% missing, eleven (18%) 11%–20% missing, and eleven (18%) reported >20% missing. Missingness was unclear in 13 (21%). Missing data were imputed in 19 (31%) of the 61 trials. Imputation was part of the primary analysis in 13 trials, but a sensitivity analysis in six. Last value carried forward was used in 12 trials and multiple imputation in two. Following imputation, the most common analysis method was analysis of covariance (10 trials). Conclusion: The majority of studies did not impute missing data and carried out a complete-case analysis. For those studies that did impute missing data, researchers tended to prefer simpler methods of imputation, despite more sophisticated methods being available.The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorate. Shona Fielding is also currently funded by the Chief Scientist Office on a Research Training Fellowship (CZF/1/31)

A review of RCTs in four medical journals to assess the use of imputation to overcome missing data in quality of life outcomes

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