Unmanned and uncontrolled: The commingling theory and the legality of unmanned aircraft system operations

In 2002 Australia became the first nation to promulgate certification standards for the commercial use of drones or unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Since that time the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) has played a key role both domestically and internationally through the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in assisting to develop technical guidance materials that will enable contracting states to develop UAS regulations. An arduous component of this task is the fact that all existing aircraft are capable of being unmanned. Moreover, given the unbounded nature of aircraft operations, UAS regulations necessarily require international harmonisation. But the objective of developing universal UAS standards is still far from being finalised while the accelerating pace of UAS technological development continues to challenge traditional regulatory regimes and legal systems throughout the world. This paper considers the broader legal issues associated with civilian UAS operations and their integration into unsegregated civilian airspace. The Australian UAS regulatory experience is examined with some unique constitutional limitations identified in relation to the application of the so-called ‘commingling theory’. It is contended that such limitations may render void existing UAS regulation in certain situations – many of which are related to the operation of small UAS and may have significant privacy implications. In particular this paper finds that the regulations purporting to control the operation of systems that are not capable of commingling with aircraft operating within navigable airspace are ultra vires and hence of no legal effect. In concluding this paper strongly asserts that if the commercial benefits attendant to UAS operations is to be fully realised then their risks to society must be controlled through domestic legislation that is harmonised and consistent with internationally agreed guidelines

The scientific basis for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: recent contributions from the Netherlands

While the beneficial effects of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease are undisputed, implementation remains challenging. A gap between guideline-mandated risk factor targets and clinical reality was documented as early as the 1990s. To address this issue, research groups in the Netherlands have performed several major projects. These projects address innovative, multidisciplinary strategies to improve medication adherence and to stimulate healthy lifestyles, both in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation and at dedicated outpatient clinics. The findings of these projects have led to changes in prevention and rehabilitation guidelines

Location and Aggregation Behavior of Tetra-Aryl-Porphyrins in Dioctadecyldimethylammonium Chloride Vesicles

Contains fulltext : 10593.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Uv-Vis, Fluorescence, and Epr Studies of Porphyrins in Bilayers of Dioctadecyldimethylammonium Surfactants

Contains fulltext : 10128.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Protection against hypoxic injury of rat proximal tubules by felodipine via a calcium-independent mechanism

Contains fulltext : 20938___.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Rise in cytosolic calcium 2-plus and collapse of mitochrondrial potential in anoxic, but not hypoxic, rat proximal tubules

Contains fulltext : 22933___.PDF (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Aggregation of a crown ether-based copper amphiphile as a mimic for the superstructure of hemocyanin

Item does not contain fulltex

Azolla along a phosphorus gradient: biphasic growth response linked to diazotroph traits and phosphorus-induced iron chlorosis

Contains fulltext : 189958.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)8 p

Tomato necrotic ring virus (TNRV), a recently described tospovirus species infecting tomato and pepper in Thailand

Two tospovirus isolates collected from tomato and bell pepper in Thailand were studied. The isolates induced severe necrotic mottling and/or necrotic spots and rings on the leaves and fruits of the respective plants as confirmed by back-inoculation. A polyclonal antiserum raised against its nucleocapsid (N) protein reacted only with an extract from plants infected with the homologous virus. Analysis of the nucleocapsid (N) gene sequence and its deduced amino acid sequence (Mw ~31 kDa) showed 99% amino acid sequence homology with that of Tomato necrotic ring virus (TNRV). The nucleotide sequence of the 5¿ untranslated region and intergenic region flanking the N gene revealed typical features of the S RNA segment of tospoviruses. Mechanical inoculation of the virus on some plant species showed that most of the tested solanaceous species were susceptible to this virus. The biological, serological and molecular data presented here indicate that both isolates are identical to TNRV, a recently described tospovirus species in Thailan