44,040 research outputs found
Relationship between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment: Part II. Review of Physiology and animal studies
Purpose of Review There is an established association between hypertension and increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease; however, associations between antihypertensive medications (AHM) and dementia risk are less clear. An increased interest in AHM has resulted in expanding publications; however, none of the recent reviews provide comprehensive review. Our extensive review includes 24 mechanistic animal and human studies published over the last 5 years assessing relationship between AHM and cognitive function. Recent Findings All classes of AHM showed similar result patterns in animal studies. The mechanism by which AHM exert their effect was extensively studied by evaluating well-established pathways of AD disease process, including amyloid beta (Aβ), vascular, oxidative stress and inflammation pathways, but only few studies evaluated the blood pressure lowering effect on the AD disease process. Summary Methodological limitations of the studies prevent comprehensive conclusions prior to further work evaluating AHM in animals and larger human observational studies, and selecting those with promising results for future RCTs
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Process Evaluation Insights on Program Implementation
This white paper has the explicit intention to draw lessons learned from the past 30 years of energy efficiency program evaluation in order to facilitate improved program design and implementation going forward. The discussion in this white paper is developed based on interviews with 43 individuals who are either practitioners or users of process and market evaluation. In addition, we obtained references to published materials from our contacts and reviewed conference proceedings dating from 1992 to 2008, which resulted in a review of nearly 100 articles or reports documenting the results of, or commenting on, process and market evaluations
Relationship between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment: Part I. review of human studies and clinical trials
Purpose of review: There is an established association between hypertension and increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease; however, associations between antihypertensive medications (AHMs) and dementia risk are less consistent. An increased interest in AHM has resulted in expanding publications; however, none of the recent reviews are comprehensive. Our extensive review includes 15 observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over the last 5 years, assessing the relationship between AHM and cognitive impairment. Recent findings: All classes of AHM showed similar result patterns in human studies with the majority of study results reporting point estimates below one and only a small number of studies (N = 15) reporting statistically significant results in favor of a specific class. Summary: Only a small number of studies reported statistically significant results in favor of a specific class of AHM. Methodological limitations of the studies prevent definitive conclusions. Further work is now needed to evaluate the class of AHM and cognitive outcomes in future RCTs, with a particular focus on the drugs with the promising results in both animals and human observational studies
Spectroscopy of Four Cataclysmic Variables with Periods above 7 Hours
We present spectroscopy of four cataclysmic variables. Using radial velocity
measurements, we find orbital periods for the first time. The stars and their
periods are GY Hya, 0.347230(9) d; SDSS J204448-045929, 1.68(1) d; V392 Hya,
0.324952(5) d; and RX J1951.7+3716, 0.492(1) d. We also detect the spectra of
the secondary stars, estimate their spectral types, and derive distances based
on surface brightness and Roche lobe constraints.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, to be published in December 2006 PAS
Optical Studies of Twenty Longer-Period Cataclysmic Binaries
We obtained time-series radial velocity spectroscopy of twenty cataclysmic
variable stars, with the aim of determining orbital periods P_orb. All of the
stars reported here prove to have P_orb > 3.5 h. For sixteen of the stars,
these are the first available period determinations, and for the remaining four
(V709 Cas, AF Cam, V1062 Tau, and RX J2133+51) we use new observations to
improve the accuracy of previously-published periods. Most of the targets are
dwarf novae, without notable idiosyncracies. Of the remainder, three (V709 Cas,
V1062 Tau, and RX J2133+51) are intermediate polars (DQ Her stars); one (IPHAS
0345) is a secondary-dominated system without known outbursts, similar to LY
UMa; one (V1059 Sgr) is an old nova; and two others (V478 Her and V1082 Sgr)
are long-period novalike variables. The stars with new periods are IPHAS 0345
(0.314 d); V344 Ori (0.234 d); VZ Sex (0.149 d); NSVS 1057+09 (0.376 d); V478
Her (0.629 d); V1059 Sgr (0.286 d); V1082 Sgr (0.868 d); FO Aql (0.217 d); V587
Lyr (0.275 d); V792 Cyg (0.297 d); V795 Cyg (0.181 d); V811 Cyg (0.157 d); V542
Cyg (0.182 d); PQ Aql (0.247 d); V516 Cyg (0.171 d); and VZ Aqr(0.161 d).
Noteworthy results on individual stars are as follows. We see no indication of
the underlying white dwarf star in V709 Cas, as has been previously claimed;
based on the non-detection of the secondary star, we argue that the system is
farther away that had been thought and the white dwarf contribution is probably
negligible. V478 Her had been classified as an SU UMa-type dwarf nova, but this
is incompatible with the long orbital period we find. We report the first
secondary-star velocity curve for V1062 Tau. In V542 Cyg, we find a late-type
contribution that remains stationary in radial velocity, yet the system is
unresolved in a direct image, suggesting that it is a hierarchical triple
system.Comment: P.A.S.P., in press. 34 pages and 8 figure
The Way We Measure: Comparison of Methods to Derive Radial Surface Brightness Profiles
The breaks and truncations in the luminosity profile of face-on spiral
galaxies offer valuable insights in their formation history. The traditional
method of deriving the surface photometry profile for face-on galaxies is to
use elliptical averaging. In this paper, we explore the question whether
elliptical averaging is the best way to do this. We apply two additional
surface photometry methods, one new: principle axis summation, and one old that
has become seldom used: equivalent profiles. These are compared to elliptically
averaged profiles using a set of 29 face-on galaxies. We find that the
equivalent profiles match extremely well with elliptically averaged profiles,
confirming the validity of using elliptical averaging. The principle axis
summation offers a better comparison to edge-on galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication by Monthly Notices of the R.A.S. A hi-res
version is available at http://www.astro.rug.nl/~vdkruit/Petersetal-VI.pd
The Penn State Doppler network progress report
The software and hardware implementation for the Penn State University network were discussed. Delayed delivery of radio frequency equipment and signal processing components resulted in modification of the original timetables. It was determined that the best approach for implementing the second very high frequency (VHF) would be when the VHF radar was in reliable and unattended operation. A short summary of the specifications for the three radars is presented
Building research capacity in a practitioner network: the National Action Research Network on researching and evaluating Personal Development Plannin
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