Analytical investigations of laminar separations using the ''Crocco-Lees mixing parameter'' method

Analytical studies of laminar separations using Crocco-Lees mixing parameter metho

Protection for whom? creditor conflicts in bankruptcy

Revised. In this article we provide a rationale for bankruptcy law that is based on the conflicts among creditors that occur when a debtor’s liabilities exceed its assets. In the absence of a bankruptcy law, the private debt-collection remedies that creditors pursue when a debtor is insolvent result in an ad hoc disposal of the debtor’s assets, thereby reducing the aggregate value of creditors’ claims. We show that coordination clauses can be used by creditors in their loan agreements that will result in coordination, ex post. Although all creditors would benefit from including these clauses in their contracts, they nevertheless choose not to in precisely those circumstances in which it is desirable to coordinate. This is an important insight because previous theories supporting a role for bankruptcy law are based on the notion that creditors want to contract about bankruptcy, but cannot. In contract, we demonstrate that creditors will choose not to coordinate ex ante, even though it is in their best interest ex post. ; We also examine a variety of other contractual mechanisms, including covenants and seniority, and show that although including these terms in loan contracts can improve creditors’ incentives to write coordination clauses, they do so only in special circumstances. Our analysis of creditor conflicts and the potential for private contracting remedies provides an economic rationale for the existence of a bankruptcy law that mandates ex post coordination among the creditors of an insolvent debtor.Bankruptcy

Beneath the rhetoric: clarifying the debate on mortgage lending discrimination

The authors' simple model of the mortgage underwriting process provides a framework within which to define discrimination and various notions of the default rate. By providing those with differing views a common framework for discussing their positions, the model clarifies and reconciles some of the most controversial issues in the debate over mortgage discrimination. It also shows how this theoretical framework can help in the design of practical policy responses to this vexing social problem.Discrimination in mortgage loans ; Mortgages

Self-selection and discrimination in credit markets

This paper increases understanding of the causes and consequences of discrimination in credit markets. It develops an underwriting model in which lenders use a simple Bayesian updating process to evaluate applicant creditworthiness. It also models individuals' self-selection behavior to show how market frictions can affect application decisions.Mortgages ; Discrimination in consumer credit

On the nonlinear deformation geometry of Euler-Bernoulli beams

Nonlinear expressions are developed to relate the orientation of the deformed beam cross section, torsion, local components of bending curvature, angular velocity, and virtual rotation to deformation variables. The deformed beam kinematic quantities are proven to be equivalent to those derived from various rotation sequences by identifying appropriate changes of variable based on fundamental uniqueness properties of the deformed beam geometry. The torsion variable used is shown to be mathematically analogous to an axial deflection variable commonly used in the literature. Rigorous applicability of Hamilton's principle to systems described by a class of quasi-coordinates that includes these variables is formally established

Hingeless helicopter rotor with improved stability

Improved stability was provided in a hingeless helicopter rotor by inclining the principal elastic flexural axes and coupling pitching of the rotor blade with the lead-lag bending of the blade. The primary elastic flex axes were inclined by constructing the blade of materials that display non-uniform stiffness, and the specification described various cross section distributions and the resulting inclined flex axes. Arrangements for varying the pitch of the rotor blade in a predetermined relationship with lead-lag bending of the blade, i.e., bending of the blade in a plane parallel to its plane of rotation were constructed

New design of hingeless helicopter rotor improves stability

Cantilever blades are attached directly to rotor hub, thereby substantially reducing cost and complexity and increasing reliability of helicopter rotor. Combination of structural flap-lag coupling and pitch-lag coupling provides damping of 6 to 10%, depending on magnitude of coupling parameters

Low and high intensity velocity selective coherent population trapping in a two-level system

An experimental investigation is made of sub-recoil cooling by velocity selective coherent population trapping in a two-level system in Sr. The experiment is carried out using the narrow linewidth intercombination line at 689 nm. Here, the ratio between the recoil shift and the linewidth is as high as 0.64. We show that, on top of a broader momentum profile, subrecoil features develop, whose amplitude is strongly dependent on the detuning from resonance. We attribute this structure to a velocity selective coherent population trapping mechanism. We also show that the population trapping phenomenon leads to complex momentum profiles in the case of highly saturated transitions, displaying a multitude of subrecoil features at integer multiples of the recoil momentum.Comment: 6 pages and 7 figure

Conditions for extreme sensitivity of protein diffusion in membranes to cell environments

We study protein diffusion in multicomponent lipid membranes close to a rigid substrate separated by a layer of viscous fluid. The large-distance, long-time asymptotics for Brownian motion are calculated using a nonlinear stochastic Navier-Stokes equation including the effect of friction with the substrate. The advective nonlinearity, neglected in previous treatments, gives only a small correction to the renormalized viscosity and diffusion coefficient at room temperature. We find, however, that in realistic multicomponent lipid mixtures, close to a critical point for phase separation, protein diffusion acquires a strong power-law dependence on temperature and the distance to the substrate $H$, making it much more sensitive to cell environment, unlike the logarithmic dependence on $H$ and very small thermal correction away from the critical point.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure