Introducing Monsieur Mayeux: The Hunchback of the July Monarchy

Honors (Bachelor's)History of ArtUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/120613/1/peterama.pd

Mass Arrests & the Particularized Probable Cause Requirement

Three Supreme Court cases—United States v. Di Re, Ybarra v. Illinois, and Maryland v. Pringle—established the need for individualized or particularized probable cause in multiple-suspect arrests and searches. These three Supreme Court decisions have been used by plaintiffs seeking to sue police departments and municipalities under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for civil rights violations stemming from mass arrests unsupported by probable cause. Oddly enough, these decisions have also been relied upon by defendants who allege that the law is unclear when it comes to particularized probable cause and multiple-suspect arrests. This Article seeks to carefully examine the history of mass arrests in America and analyze the probable cause requirement of the Fourth Amendment along with existing federal cases on multiple-suspect, group, and mass arrests, to demonstrate that the jurisprudence in this area is settled and clear. The Fourth Amendment’s probable cause analysis is and should be no different for individual arrests than for high-volume arrests

Reconsidering Federal and State Obstacles to Human Trafficking and Entitlements Victim Status

The crime of human trafficking has received much political and mediaattention in recent years. Lawmakers and actors within the criminal justice system have yet to fully grasp the challenges human trafficking victims face in securing the rights, benefits, services, and protections reserved for this group. One of the qualities of the American criminal justice system is its ability to adapt to new challenges. Law and policy makers must understand whether and why human trafficking victims differ from victims of traditional crime and how entitlements for both groups overlap, yet differ. Without pondering the distinctions, trafficking victims will continue to find entitlements unobtainable

Disparate Protections for American Human Trafficking Victims

The federal government places victims, for the purpose of receiving protections, into two categories: first, international victims and second, American citizens or permanent residents. If an international trafficking victim qualifies to receive services as a result of having been trafficked, the United States will provide refugeelike protections through the TVPA. These protections include housing, food, cash assistance, job training, counseling, medical care, legal assistance, and other services that are available for a period of several years. Victims who are Americans, on the other hand, must find protection elsewhere. The United States government specifically excludes its own trafficked citizens from receiving federally-funded TVPA protections. Though the United States government recognizes that there is a disparity in the services and protections offered to Americans, it has yet to provide a remedy. The purpose of this Article is to examine the protections both groups receive, highlight inconsistencies in federal law and the practical enforcement of the law, and discuss the implications of having a two-tier system of protection for human trafficking victims in America

The Effects of Virtual Caregiver Coaching in Antigua & Barbuda on the Implementation of EMT Language Support Strategies in Naturalistic Environments

This single-case multiple baseline design investigation set out to determine the effectiveness of using a telepractice service delivery model to coach caregivers in Antigua & Barbuda in the use of Enhanced Milieu Teaching (EMT) language support strategies with a child with language impairment. A slightly modified version of the Teach-Model-Coach-Review (TMCR) method was used during virtual instruction to train a caregiver on the language support strategies of environmental arrangement, matched turns, expansions, and time delay with milieu prompting. The caregiver attended sessions three times a week for up to 45 minutes for four weeks. The results of this study indicated a positive relationship between the intervention and caregiver use of strategies. The caregiver demonstrated increased responsiveness to the child’s communication attempts and exhibited the use of language support strategies across activities. This study suggests that telepractice can be an effective service delivery model for providing coaching to caregivers

Inspired by Real Events: Libraries Transforming Students into Engaged Citizens

In the current political environment, librarians remain committed to the democratic ideals of higher education by encouraging students to become engaged citizens. This panel session will demonstrate the ways in which libraries are critical partners in implementing and assessing service learning programs linked to institutional mission. Librarians from different institutions will share ideas including developing service learning partnerships with the library, executing different models for programs and projects, reshaping library instruction and collection policies, advocating for and receiving library administrative support, and structural opportunities for integrating community information into the mission of academic libraries. The panelists will demonstrate how academic library partnerships on campus enhance and enrich the educational experience of students toward advancing the public good

Hyaluronic acid levels predict risk of hepatic encephalopathy and liver-related death in HIV/viral hepatitis coinfected patients

Background: Whereas it is well established that various soluble biomarkers can predict level of liver fibrosis, their ability to predict liver-related clinical outcomes is less clearly established, in particular among HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected persons. We investigated plasma hyaluronic acid’s (HA) ability to predict risk of liver-related events (LRE; hepatic coma or liver-related death) in the EuroSIDA study. Methods: Patients included were positive for anti-HCV and/or HBsAg with at least one available plasma sample. The earliest collected plasma sample was tested for HA (normal range 0–75 ng/mL) and levels were associated with risk of LRE. Change in HA per year of follow-up was estimated after measuring HA levels in latest sample before the LRE for those experiencing this outcome (cases) and in a random selection of one sixth of the remaining patients (controls). Results: During a median of 8.2 years of follow-up, 84/1252 (6.7%) patients developed a LRE. Baseline median (IQR) HA in those without and with a LRE was 31.8 (17.2–62.6) and 221.6 ng/mL (74.9–611.3), respectively (p<0.0001). After adjustment, HA levels predicted risk of contracting a LRE; incidence rate ratios for HA levels 75–250 or ≥250 vs. <75 ng/mL were 5.22 (95% CI 2.86–9.26, p<0.0007) and 28.22 (95% CI 14.95–46.00, p<0.0001), respectively. Median HA levels increased substantially prior to developing a LRE (107.6 ng/mL, IQR 0.8 to 251.1), but remained stable for controls (1.0 ng/mL, IQR –5.1 to 8.2), (p<0.0001 comparing cases and controls), and greater increases predicted risk of a LRE in adjusted models (p<0.001). Conclusions: An elevated level of plasma HA, particularly if the level further increases over time, substantially increases the risk of contracting LRE over the next five years. HA is an inexpensive, standardized and non-invasive supplement to other methods aimed at identifying HIV/viral hepatitis co-infected patients at risk of hepatic complications