Somatic and population adaptations of Polysarcus denticauda (Orthoptera) in extreme altitudes

Altitudinal preferences, somatic and population adaptations in different ecological conditions were analysed in flightless bush-cricket species Polysarcus denticauda (Charpentier, 1825). Altitudinal analysis was performed in GIS software (more than 60 sites in Slovakia, Central Europe). Seasonal occurrence and population density were recorded in selected sites. To compare differences, absolute values of measurements (length of body, hind femur and tibia, cerci and weight) and Body Condition Index were taken from males. Study species prefers mesophilous montane up to alpine meadows in higher elevations (over 600 m a.s.l.). The development started over one month earlier in lowlands and populations reached several fold higher density there. Males from lowlands had body parameters significantly bigger apart from cerci. Cerci were significantly longer in males from mountains. However, males of the same size were significantly heavier in higher altitudes. In conclusion, refuges of montane meadows ecosystem support species survival nowadays

Analysis of the Power Supply Influence on the Universal Motor

Due to their advantageous properties, universal motors are widely used in various applications and can be operated with both AC and DC voltage. Between main advantages of universal motors are their high starting torque, very compact design and high operating speed. In terms of the wide use of the universal motor, we want to analyze the impact of DC and AC power supply on the universal motor in this article. As part of the analysis, measurements were made of the influence of the AC/DC supply on the speed, torque, efficiency and electromagnetic radiation of the motor. At the end of the paper, the results of measurements on a universal motor with DC and AC power supply are presented

E-HIP: An Energy-Efficient OpenHIP-Based Security in Internet of Things Networks

The rapidly growing segment of the Internet of Things (IoT) makes the security threats more prominent than ever. The research around communication security and cybersecurity in such networks is still a challenge, mainly due to the typically limited energy and computation resources of IoT devices. The strong security mechanisms require significant power and thus the energy wastage must be minimized. Optimized application-specific security protocols are commonly used to make the data transfer more efficient, while still offering a high level of security. The supported security features, such as confidentiality, integrity or authenticity, should not be affected by the optimization. Our work is focused on optimizing one of the existing security protocols for the use in the IoT area, namely the Host Identity Protocol (HIP). Based on the analysis of related works, we have identified multiple possibilities for optimization and combined some of them into the proposed E-HIP optimized protocol. For verification purpose, it has been implemented as a modification of the open-source OpenHIP library and applied on a communication between real hardware devices. The secured communication worked correctly. The resulting effect of the proposed optimization has been evaluated experimentally and it represents an increase in energy efficiency by about 20%. Compared to other HIP optimizations, the achieved results are similar; however, the proposed optimizations are unique and can be further combined with some of the existing ones to achieve even higher efficiency

Silnik reluktancyjny z przełączaniem tarczowym o wysokiej dynamice

The paper presents the disc switched reluctance motor as a possible constructional modification of this type of motor. Disc motor with bidirectional pull is described based on the theory of SRM. In the first chapter behaviours of inductance, magnetic flux and torque, depending on the current and rotor position as well as the influence of geometric dimensions on these values are investigated. In the following parts suggested are the dimensions and described is constructional configuration of the electromagnetic circuit of disc SRM that recognizes its technical implementation.W artykule przedstawiono silnik reluktancyjny z przełącznikiem tarczowym jako możliwą modyfikację konstrukcyjną tego typu silnika. Silnik tarczowy o dwukierunkowym ciągnięciu opisany jest w oparciu o teorię SRM. W pierwszym rozdziale badane są zachowania indukcyjności, strumienia magnetycznego i momentu obrotowego, w zależności od prądu i położenia wirnika oraz wpływ wymiarów geometrycznych na te wartości. W kolejnych częściach sugerowane są wymiary i opisana jest konfiguracja konstrukcyjna obwodu elektromagnetycznego dysku SRM, która rozpoznaje jego techniczną realizację

Základy chiropterológie

<p>Netopiere predstavujú unikátnu skupinu cicavcov, ktorá je charakteristická rozličnými životnými stratégiami. Sú to jediné cicavce schopné aktívneho letu, ktorý spoločne s ich takmer výlučne nočnou aktivitou viedol v  evolúcii k objaveniu sa špecifických adaptácií. Jednou z najvýraznejších adaptácií na život v tme je ich schopnosť echolokácie, ktorá im umožňuje dokonalú orientáciu v priestore. Netopiere sú prevažne tropickou skupinou, ktorá ale osídlila aj oblasti mimo tohto pásma, čo najmä v miernych klimatických zónach viedlo k vytvoreniu zložitého fenologického cyklu s aktívnymi časťami a s prerušeniami v podobe hibernácie. V tejto pestrej a druhovo početnej skupine (takmer 1500 známych druhov) existuje ďalej široká škála foriem sociálnej organizácie ako aj foriem potravných alebo úkrytových stratégií. Vysokoškolská učebnica "<i>Základy chiropterológie</i>" prináša vôbec prvýkrát v slovenskom jazyku v jedenástich kapitolách a v dvoch apendixoch aktuálne odborné poznatky o týchto živočíchoch.</p><p> URL: <a href="https://unibook.upjs.sk/">https://unibook.upjs.sk/</a></p><p>Bats represent a unique group of mammals, characterised by different life strategies. They are the only mammals capable of active flight, which, combined with their almost exclusively nocturnal activity, has led to the evolution of specific adaptations. One of the most striking is echolocation, which enables them to orientate themselves perfectly in their surroundings in the dark. Bats are mainly native to the tropics, but have also colonised areas outside the tropics, which, has led to a complex phenological cycle with active phases and interruptions during hibernation, especially in temperate zones. In this diverse and species-rich group (almost 1,500 known species), there is a wide range of social organisation as well as feeding and roosting strategies. The textbook "<i>Fundamentals of Chiropterology</i>" brings the current state of knowledge about these extraordinary animals in eleven chapters and two appendices for the first time in the Slovak language.</p&gt

Why sampling ratio matters: Logistic regression and studies of habitat use - Fig 2

<p>Characteristics of habitat selection studies published in peer-reviewed journals (n = 65 studies in 59 papers) indexed in the Web of Science^™ (All Databases) database in the time span 2005–2016 according to a) subject category of the journal, b) taxonomic classification of the studied species and c) sampling ratio between occupied and unoccupied (available or pseudo-absent) locations.</p

FIGURE 4 in An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia

FIGURE 4. Distribution of 17 Orthoptera species in Slovakia (marks represent location of mapping sites; in combined maps, an open circle denotes the second species from the map heading).Published as part of Krištín, Anton, Jarčuška, Benjamín & Kaňuch, Peter, 2020, An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia, pp. 207-241 in Zootaxa 4869 (2) on page 216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/441855

FIGURE 2 in An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia

FIGURE 2. Number of sampled sites in grid cells of the Central European mapping grid system (Ehrendorfer & Hamann 1965) in Slovakia; the histogram shows the frequency of counts categorized in quartile ranking and the mean value (n = 430 grid cells; NA—not applicable).Published as part of Krištín, Anton, Jarčuška, Benjamín & Kaňuch, Peter, 2020, An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia, pp. 207-241 in Zootaxa 4869 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/441855

FIGURE 6 in An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia

FIGURE 6. Distribution of 11 Orthoptera species in Slovakia (marks represent location of mapping sites; in the combined map, an open circle denotes the second species from the map heading).Published as part of Krištín, Anton, Jarčuška, Benjamín & Kaňuch, Peter, 2020, An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia, pp. 207-241 in Zootaxa 4869 (2) on page 220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/441855

PLATE 2 in An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia

PLATE 2. Selected zoogeografically important species in Slovakia: a) Leptophyes discoidalis, b) Poecilimon schmidtii, c) Platycleis affinis, d) Tesselana veyseli, e) Paracaloptenus caloptenoides, f) Miramella alpina, g) Pseudopodisma nagyi, h) Pezotettiix giornae, i) Dociostaurus brevicollis, j) Chorthippus dichrous (all the photos A. Krištín).Published as part of Krištín, Anton, Jarčuška, Benjamín & Kaňuch, Peter, 2020, An annotated checklist of crickets, grasshoppers and their allies (Orthoptera) in Slovakia, pp. 207-241 in Zootaxa 4869 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4869.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/441855