Do food quality schemes and net price premiums go together?

This article addresses the issue of the profitability of Food Quality Scheme (FQS) products as compared to reference products, which are defined as analogous products without quality label. We approach this question by taking into account the level of the value chain (upstream, processing, and downstream), the sector (vegetal, animal, seafood) and the type of FQS (PGI, PDO, Organic). We collected original data for several products produced in selected European countries, as well as in Thailand and Vietnam. Comparisons depending on value chain level, sector and FQS are possible by using two comparable indicators: price premium and net price premium (including cost differential). The following principal conclusions were reached: 1) Price is higher for FQS products than for the reference products, regardless of the production level, the type of FQS or the sector; 2) Price premiums generated by FQS do not differ along the value chain, nor between sectors (vegetal, animal or seafood/fish); 3) Price premium for organic products is significantly higher than for PGI products, and this conclusion holds at upstream and processing levels, taking into account the costs directly related to production; 4) All organic products and almost all PDO and PGI products analysed benefit from a positive quality rent; 5) At upstream level and processing level, the relative weight of intermediate consumption in the cost structure is lower for organic products than for reference products.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum ResponsablesPostprint (published version

Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food social and economic history

Related data set “Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food” with doi www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ in repository “Data inrae”The dataset Sustainability performance of certified and non-certified food (https://www.doi.org/10.15454/OP51SJ) contains 25 indicators of economic, environmental, and social performance, estimated for 27 certified food value chains and their 27 conventional reference products. The indicators are estimated at different levels of the value chain: farm level, processing level, and retail level. It also contains the raw data based on which the indicators are estimated, its source, and the completed spreadsheet calculators for the following indicators: carbon footprint and food miles.Article signat per 14 autors/es Valentin Bellassen, Filippo Arfini, Federico Antonioli, Antonio Bodini, Michael Boehm, Ružica Brečić, Sara Chiussi, Peter Csillag, Michele Donati, Liesbeth Dries, Marion Drut, Matthieu Duboys de Labarre, Hugo Ferrer, Jelena Filipović, Lisa Gauvrit, José M. Gil, Matthew Gorton, Viet Hoàng, Mohamed Hilal, Kamilla Knutsen Steinnes, Apichaya Lilavanichakul, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Edward Majewski, Sylvette Monier-Dilhan, Paul Muller, Orachos Napasintuwong, Kalliroi Nikolaou, Mai Nguyen, An Nguyễn Quỳnh, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Jack Peerlings, Aron Török, Thomas Poméon, Bojan Ristic, Burkhard Schaer, Zaklina Stojanovic, Barbara Tocco, Marina Tomic Maksan, Mario Veneziani, and Gunnar VittersoPostprint (published version

Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≥week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

A MAGYARORSZÁGI CUKORRÉPA-TERMELÉS ÉS AZ EU CUKORPIACI REFORMJA

A hazai cukorrépa-termelés költség- és jövedelmi helyzetének javulása figyelhető meg a vizsgált – az EU csatlakozást megelőző – időszakban. A reform alkalmazásáig további javulás várható. A hazai termelői bázis összetételének és hatékonyságának, a termelési költségek várható alakulásának, valamint a potenciális helyettesítő szántóföldi növények jövedelmezőségének vizsgálata alapján, a cukorrépa-termelés jövőjére vonatkozóan megállapítható, hogy a Bizottság reformjavaslatában szereplő, 2007-től bevezetendő, tonnánként 25 eurós cukorrépa ár nem biztosítja a hazai feldolgozóipar nyersanyag-szükségletének megtermelését. Ahhoz, hogy a gyárak számára a cukorrépa-nyersanyag megfelelő földrajzi koncentráltságban biztosítható legyen, legalább 20%-kal magasabb, azaz minimálisan 30 euró/t cukorrépa árra lenne szükség. A Bizottság javaslata a cukorrépa-termelőknek juttatandó közvetlen jövedelemtámogatás termeléstől történő teljes szétválasztását (decoupling) írja elő a tagállamok számára. A hazai ágazat érdeke ezzel szemben egy olyan támogatási konstrukció, amely átmenetileg a cukorrépa-termelés folytatásához köti a támogatás egy részét. A hazai cukorrépa-termelők 45-50%-a – mintegy 1,3-1,5 millió tonna cukorrépa-termeléssel – tekinthető hatékonynak a reform utáni helyzetben, figyelembe véve a 2004. évi szinthez képest bizonyos inputköltségek csökkenését és a technológia fejlődését. A hatékony termelők a reorganizációt követően akár 1,7-2,0 millió tonnára is növelhetik cukorrépa-termelésüket, ami megfelelő hátteret biztosíthat egy, a jelenleginél kisebb méretű, de hatékonyabb hazai cukoripar működéséhez. ----------------------------------------------- In the period before joining the EU the costs and incomes position of domestic sugar-beet production has been improving. Up to the enforcement of reforms further improvements are expected. Examination of the composition and efficiency of domestic growers, expected changes in production costs and the profitability of cultivating potential plant alternatives shows that the 25EUR/ton price proposed by the Commission as from 2007 does not cover the production costs of row materials required by the domestic sugar industry. To ensure the availability sugar-beet row material to the sugar processing industry in appropriate geographic concentrations, the price of sugar-beet should be 20% higher, that is a minimum price of 30EUR/ton would be required. The Commission requires of the member states to wholly decouple direct support to sugar-beet growers from sugar manufacturing. In contrast the domestic sugar industry is interested in a support construction that would transitionally tie a part of support to the continuation of sugar-beet production. Taking into account the decline in input costs and the development of technology compared with the 2004 levels about 45% to 50% of domestic producers taking up 1.3 to 1.5 million tons of sugar-beet may be considered sufficiently effective after the reform. Efficient growers may however increase their output to 1.7 to 2.0 million tons following re-organisation providing a sufficiently secure background to a smaller but more effective domestic sugar manufacturing industry

Inhibiting effect of D1, but not D2 antagonist administered to the striatum on retention of passive avoidance in the chick

The avian lobus parolfactorius, equivalent to the medial striatum (caudate-putamen) of mammals, has been shown to be of crucial importance in passive avoidance training in day-old domestic chicks, where the aversive stimulus is the bitter tasting substance methylanthranilate. Here we report that the specific D1 antagonist SCH23390, injected into the lobus parolfactorius of day-old chicks (Gallus domesticus) prior to training, impaired performance on testing 30 min post-training at low doses (0.5 and 25 nmol). Sulpiride, a D2 antagonist, had no significant effect on performance in comparable doses. The early D1 activation may signify an essential mechanism leading to storage itself or to the canalisation of the relevant association to a permanent store

Participatory Democracy: Hybrid Forums and Deliberative Processes as Methodological Tools

International audienceDialogic democracy is a key part of social and humanist research. Indoor research describes a sort of 'closed research world', a form of research where researchers communicate with researchers — the more or less normal conference situation. Outdoor research is described as a type of research including non-researchers ('profans'). The preparatory workshop aims at reaching a shared frame based on common information on the subject, presentation of the public dialogue structure and rules, and better knowledge about each other's ideas and perspectives. The choice of the controversy was based on various local controversies about fish quality — fresh/frozen and local shop/supermarket —price, and tradition, which emerged during a fieldwork in June 2016 underlining controversies. The citizens, farmers, and municipality representatives agreed on the fact that the current traditional location of the market is convenient for all parties. The ambition is to further open up the quite classical research approach to the 'unexpected'