6,050 research outputs found
New Slant on the EPR-Bell Experiment
The best case for thinking that quantum mechanics is nonlocal rests on Bell's
Theorem, and later results of the same kind. However, the correlations
characteristic of EPR-Bell (EPRB) experiments also arise in familiar cases
elsewhere in QM, where the two measurements involved are timelike rather than
spacelike separated; and in which the correlations are usually assumed to have
a local causal explanation, requiring no action-at-a-distance. It is
interesting to ask how this is possible, in the light of Bell's Theorem. We
investigate this question, and present two options. Either (i) the new cases
are nonlocal, too, in which case action-at-a-distance is more widespread in QM
than has previously been appreciated (and does not depend on entanglement, as
usually construed); or (ii) the means of avoiding action-at-a-distance in the
new cases extends in a natural way to EPRB, removing action-at-a-distance in
these cases, too. There is a third option, viz., that the new cases are
strongly disanalogous to EPRB. But this option requires an argument, so far
missing, that the physical world breaks the symmetries which otherwise support
the analogy. In the absence of such an argument, the orthodox combination of
views -- action-at-a-distance in EPRB, but local causality in its timelike
analogue -- is less well established than it is usually assumed to be.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures; extensively revised for resubmissio
Yang-Lee Theory for a Nonequilibrium Phase Transition
To analyze phase transitions in a nonequilibrium system we study its grand
canonical partition function as a function of complex fugacity. Real and
positive roots of the partition function mark phase transitions. This behavior,
first found by Yang and Lee under general conditions for equilibrium systems,
can also be applied to nonequilibrium phase transitions. We consider a
one-dimensional diffusion model with periodic boundary conditions. Depending on
the diffusion rates, we find real and positive roots and can distinguish two
regions of analyticity, which can identified with two different phases. In a
region of the parameter space both of these phases coexist. The condensation
point can be computed with high accuracy.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.Let
Spontaneous Breaking of Translational Invariance in One-Dimensional Stationary States on a Ring
We consider a model in which positive and negative particles diffuse in an
asymmetric, CP-invariant way on a ring. The positive particles hop clockwise,
the negative counterclockwise and oppositely-charged adjacent particles may
swap positions. Monte-Carlo simulations and analytic calculations suggest that
the model has three phases; a "pure" phase in which one has three pinned blocks
of only positive, negative particles and vacancies, and in which translational
invariance is spontaneously broken, a "mixed" phase with a non-vanishing
current in which the three blocks are positive, negative and neutral, and a
disordered phase without blocks.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX, needs epsf.st
Análise do estado no mundo neoliberal: uma abordagem institucional comparativa
A análise das evidências empíricas em atividades de pesquisa está fortemente condicionada pelo método adotado. Isto é particularmente verdade quando se analisam Estados como organizadores e atores sociais, pois o que o analista vê depende profundamente de seu enfoque. Este ensaio apresenta a evolução da “análise institucional comparativa” aplicada aos Estados. O principal argumento é que o enfoque comparativo institucional oferece uma perspectiva teórica mais satisfatória e útil do que os enfoques “neo-utilitaristas” que partem da premissa de que todas as instituições, incluindo o Estado, podem ser conceitualizadas como simples agregação do auto-interesse individual
Stochastic Models on a Ring and Quadratic Algebras. The Three Species Diffusion Problem
The stationary state of a stochastic process on a ring can be expressed using
traces of monomials of an associative algebra defined by quadratic relations.
If one considers only exclusion processes one can restrict the type of algebras
and obtain recurrence relations for the traces. This is possible only if the
rates satisfy certain compatibility conditions. These conditions are derived
and the recurrence relations solved giving representations of the algebras.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, Sec. 3 extended, submitted to J.Phys.
Glassy timescale divergence and anomalous coarsening in a kinetically constrained spin chain
We analyse the out of equilibrium behavior of an Ising spin chain with an
asymmetric kinetic constraint after a quench to a low temperature T. In the
limit T\to 0, we provide an exact solution of the resulting coarsening process.
The equilibration time exhibits a `glassy' divergence \teq=\exp(const/T^2)
(popular as an alternative to the Vogel-Fulcher law), while the average domain
length grows with a temperature dependent exponent, \dbar ~ t^{T\ln 2}. We show
that the equilibration time \teq also sets the timescale for the linear
response of the system at low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, includes two eps figures. Proof of energy barrier
hierarchy added. Version to be published in Phys Rev Let
A Characterization of the Manduca sexta Serotonin Receptors in the Context of Olfactory Neuromodulation
Neuromodulation, the alteration of individual neuron response properties, has dramatic consequences for neural network function and is a phenomenon observed across all brain regions and taxa. However, the mechanisms underlying neuromodulation are made complex by the diversity of neuromodulatory receptors expressed within a neural network. In this study we begin to examine the receptor basis for serotonergic neuromodulation in the antennal lobe of Manduca sexta. To this end we cloned all four known insect serotonin receptor types from Manduca (the Ms5HTRs). We used phylogenetic analyses to classify the Ms5HTRs and to establish their relationships to other insect serotonin receptors, other insect amine receptors and the vertebrate serotonin receptors. Pharmacological assays demonstrated that each Ms5HTR was selective for serotonin over other endogenous amines and that serotonin had a similar potency at all four Ms5HTRs. The pharmacological assays also identified several agonists and antagonists of the different Ms5HTRs. Finally, we found that the Ms5HT1A receptor was expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic local interneurons suggesting that the Ms5HTRs are likely expressed heterogeneously within the antennal lobe based on functional neuronal subtype
An exclusion process on a tree with constant aggregate hopping rate
We introduce a model of a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP)
on a tree network where the aggregate hopping rate is constant from level to
level. With this choice for hopping rates the model shows the same phase
diagram as the one-dimensional case. The potential applications of our model
are in the area of distribution networks; where a single large source supplies
material to a large number of small sinks via a hierarchical network. We show
that mean field theory (MFT) for our model is identical to that of the
one-dimensional TASEP and that this mean field theory is exact for the TASEP on
a tree in the limit of large branching ratio, (or equivalently large
coordination number). We then present an exact solution for the two level tree
(or star network) that allows the computation of any correlation function and
confirm how mean field results are recovered as . As an
example we compute the steady-state current as a function of branching ratio.
We present simulation results that confirm these results and indicate that the
convergence to MFT with large branching ratio is quite rapid.Comment: 20 pages. Submitted to J. Phys.
Tumour Cell Generation of Inducible Regulatory T-Cells in Multiple Myeloma Is Contact-Dependent and Antigen-Presenting Cell-Independent
Regulatory T-cells (TReg cells) are increased in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated whether MM cells could generate and/or expand TReg cells as a method of immuno-surveillance avoidance. In an in vitro model, CD4+CD25-FoxP3- T-cells co-cultured with malignant plasma cells (primary MM cells and cell lines) induced a significant generation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ inducible TReg cells (tTReg cells; p<0.0001), in a contact-dependent manner. tTReg cells were polyclonal, demonstrated a suppressive phenotype and phenotypically, demonstrated increased FoxP3 (p = 0.0001), increased GITR (p<0.0001), increased PD1 (p = 0.003) and decreased CD62L (p = 0.007) expression compared with naturally occurring TReg cells. FACS-sorted tTReg cells differentiated into FoxP+IL-17+ and FoxP3-IL-17+ CD4+ cells upon TCR-mediated stimulation. Blocking experiments with anti-ICOS-L MoAb resulted in a significant inhibition of tTReg cell generation whereas both IL-10 & TGFβ blockade did not. MM tumour cells can directly generate functional TReg cells in a contact-dependent manner, mediated by ICOS/ICOS-L. These features suggest that tumour generation of TReg cells may contribute to evasion of immune surveillance by the host
- …